US2822507A - Regulating circuit for energizing variable resistance loads - Google Patents

Regulating circuit for energizing variable resistance loads Download PDF

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Publication number
US2822507A
US2822507A US299665A US29966552A US2822507A US 2822507 A US2822507 A US 2822507A US 299665 A US299665 A US 299665A US 29966552 A US29966552 A US 29966552A US 2822507 A US2822507 A US 2822507A
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United States
Prior art keywords
winding
load
current
voltage
windings
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Expired - Lifetime
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US299665A
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English (en)
Inventor
Marvin J Mulhern
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
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Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US299665A priority Critical patent/US2822507A/en
Priority to JP1735253A priority patent/JPS306071B1/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2822507A publication Critical patent/US2822507A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/52—Circuit arrangements for protecting such amplifiers
    • H03F1/54—Circuit arrangements for protecting such amplifiers with tubes only
    • H03F1/544—Protection of filaments
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/12—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac
    • G05F1/32—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using magnetic devices having a controllable degree of saturation as final control devices

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a regulating circuit for energizing variable resistance loads and more particularly to an arrangement for controlling the energization of a load circuit such as the filament of an electronic tube so as to prevent damage thereto during the warm-up period and so as to maintain substantially constant current thereto during normal operation.
  • the resistance of the filaments of certain electronic tubes varies from a very low value at room temperature to a value substantially in excess thereof as the tube filament is heated to its normal operating temperature.
  • the resistance at normal operating temperature of a tube filament may be as much as four times the resistance of the filament at room temperature.
  • a principal object of this invention is to provide an improved regulating circuit for energizing variable resistance loads in such a way as to prevent the application of excessive currents to the load when the resistance thereof is at low values and for controlling the current flow during normal operating conditions.
  • a saturable reactor having a main winding constructed of two sections magnetically in opposition to each other is arranged in series with'a load circuit so as to supply alternating current thereto.
  • the winding sections of the reactor may be connected in series or in parallel with respect to each other provided their magnetic circuits are in opposition.
  • a pair of control windings which are magnetically coupled with both sections of the main winding are arranged to be energized with direct current.
  • One of these control windings is supplied from a controllable source of direct current of such value that the current supplied through the main winding of the saturable reactor cannot damage the load.
  • the other control winding is arranged to be energized by direct current which is dependent upon the volt-.
  • the principle upon which the invention is based is that the average load winding ampere turns of the saturable reactor must be equal to the average control winding ampere turns so long as the saturable reactor is operating in the proportional region.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a regulating arrangement embodying the invention
  • Patent Fig. 2 is a pair of load voltage versus load current characteristic curves to aid in understanding the principles of the invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating some of the constructional features of the saturable reactor utilized in carrying out the invention.
  • electronic tubes 1 and 2 are provided respectively with filament elements 3 and 4.
  • the filaments 3 and 4 are respectively energized by the secondary windings of transformers 5 and 6.
  • the 'primary windings of transformers 5 and 6 are energized from a secondary winding of a potential transformer 7 whose primary winding is energized from an alternating current source through the switch member 8.
  • Arranged in series with the secondary winding of the transformer 7 are the parallel-connected main windings 9 and 10 of a saturable reactor generally designated by the numeral 11.
  • Saturable reactor 11 is also provided with a pair of control windings 12 and 13 which are arranged so that the magnetomotive forces thereof are in opposition to each other.
  • the saturable'reactor 11 could be physically arranged in any known manner.
  • the main windings 9 and 10 could be disposed on the outer legs of a threelegged core, and the two control windings 12 and 13 could be mounted on the middle leg of the three-legged core.
  • the main windings 9 and 10 could be connected in series if desired, but in either case their magnetic circuits must be in opposition as indicated in Fig. 3.
  • Control winding 12 is energized through an adjustable resistance 15 from a source of direct current energy indicated at 14 in the form of a conventional rectifier arrangement.
  • the rectifier arrangement 14 is energized from alternating current derived from the secondary winding 16 of the transformer 17 having a primary winding 18.
  • the primary winding 18 of transformer 17 is energized from a secondary winding of a stepdown transformer 19 whose primary winding is arranged to be energized from the alternating current source through the switch 8.
  • Capacitor 20 and a portion of the secondary winding 16 of transformer 17 comprise a voltage stabilizing means which maintains constant voltage output irrespective of variations in the voltage of the alternating current source.
  • the saturable reactor 11 being essentially a constant current device which supplies a constant magnitude of current substantially independent of the resistance of the load and determined by the magnitude of the direct current supplied to winding 12.
  • control winding 13 is energized in accordance with the load voltage, and at such time as the resistance of the filaments 3 and 4 reaches a value such as eighty percent of its normal operating value, winding 13 begins to effect control of reactor 11.
  • a transformer 21 having a primary winding 22 and a secondary winding 23 is connected in parallel with the primary windings of the 'transformers 5 and.6, and a rectifier arrangement 24 is arranged to be energized from a secondary winding 23.
  • a smoothing capacitor 25 and a bias resistor 26 Connected across the direct current output terminals of the rectifier 24 is a smoothing capacitor 25 and a bias resistor 26.
  • the voltage across the bias resistor 26 is I unidirectional conducting device 28 and the resistor 29. From the circuit described thus far, it will be understood that the various elements could be selected and adjusted so that no current would flow through the winding 13 until after the voltage of the load and, hence,'the voltage of the secondary winding 23 of the transformer 21 reaches a predetermined value. At such time as the voltage of the load increases to a predetermined value, a current then begins to flow through the control winding 13, the rectifier 28 being effective to prevent reverse fiow of current through winding 13 when the load voltage is below the above-mentioned predetermined value.
  • the magnetomotive force of the winding 13 is arranged so as to oppose the magnetomotive force of the winding 12.
  • the .winding 12 and the main windings 9 and 10 act as a constant current device-to supply substantially constant current to the filaments 3;and-4.
  • a current begins to flow through the control winding 13, the magnitude of which increases as the magnitude of the load voltage increases. Since the winding 13 opposes the magnetizing action of the winding 12, the eifect of the winding 13 is to tend to reduce the voltage across the load and also the current thereto.
  • control winding 13 deenergized, and the other.
  • control ampere turns of 400 such as might be the effective-net ampere turns when both opposed control windings are energized.
  • approximately 159 percent load current could ,be drawn with the filaments cold and with control ampere turns of 500.
  • 100 percent load is achieved with the filaments hot due to the reduction in net ampere turns due to the opposing effect of winding 13 and winding I12.
  • the timedelay relay 32 closes its contacts 33 so as to energize the coil of relay 3t) thereby to cause the contacts 31 to be opened'and'the short circuit removed from across the primary windings of the transformers 5, 6 and 21.
  • a source of alternating current a load connected thereto, a saturable reactor having a main winding constructed of two magnetically opposed sections, said winding being in series with said load, a pair of control windings magnetically coupled with both of said sections of said main winding, an energizing circuit independent of said load for supplying controllable direct current to one of said control windings so as to maintain the current to the load at a predetermined value, and circuit means coupled to said-load and responsive to the load voltage for supplying direct current to the other of said control'windings for values of load voltage in excess of a predetermined value.
  • a source of alternating current a load connected thereto, a saturable reactor having a main winding constructed of. two magnetically opposed sections, said winding being in series with said load, a pair of control windings magnetically coupled with both of said sections of said main winding, an energizing circuit coupled to said source and independent of said load for supplying controllable direct current to one of said control windings, and circuit means coupled to said load and responsive to a quantity which is representative of the load voltage for supplying direct current to the other of said control windings, the magnetomotive force of said control windings being in opposition and the resistance of the load being, substantially greater when at normal operating temperature than when at ambient temperature, and means in said circuit means to prevent the flow of current to said other control winding when the load voltage is ;below a predetermined value.
  • An arrangement for regulating the supply of current to the filament of an electronic tube comprising a source of alternating current, a-load including a filament of an electronic tube connected thereto, a saturable reactor hav- :ment for energizing one of said control windings, so as to tend to maintain a substantially constant current to said filament irrespective of'the resistance thereof, a source of direct reference voltage, means in circuit with said alternating current-source andsaid load for deriving a voltage proportional to the load voltage, and uni-directional conducting means for connecting the other of said control windings between said-source of direct reference voltage and said voltage derivation means, said uni-directional conductingmeans being poled in a direction to enable the flow of current-through said other control winding only when said derived voltage exceeds said direct reference voltage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
US299665A 1952-07-18 1952-07-18 Regulating circuit for energizing variable resistance loads Expired - Lifetime US2822507A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US299665A US2822507A (en) 1952-07-18 1952-07-18 Regulating circuit for energizing variable resistance loads
JP1735253A JPS306071B1 (de) 1952-07-18 1953-09-25

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US299665A US2822507A (en) 1952-07-18 1952-07-18 Regulating circuit for energizing variable resistance loads
JP1735253A JPS306071B1 (de) 1952-07-18 1953-09-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2822507A true US2822507A (en) 1958-02-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US299665A Expired - Lifetime US2822507A (en) 1952-07-18 1952-07-18 Regulating circuit for energizing variable resistance loads

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US (1) US2822507A (de)
JP (1) JPS306071B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2945160A (en) * 1957-07-29 1960-07-12 Phillips Petroleum Co Emission regulator
US3504479A (en) * 1967-03-29 1970-04-07 Everett L Coe Jr Precipitator control apparatus

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2278151A (en) * 1940-12-11 1942-03-31 Gen Electric Regulating apparatus
US2331411A (en) * 1940-11-07 1943-10-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Regulated rectifier
US2549782A (en) * 1945-08-06 1951-04-24 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Voltage regulator

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2331411A (en) * 1940-11-07 1943-10-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Regulated rectifier
US2278151A (en) * 1940-12-11 1942-03-31 Gen Electric Regulating apparatus
US2549782A (en) * 1945-08-06 1951-04-24 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Voltage regulator

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2945160A (en) * 1957-07-29 1960-07-12 Phillips Petroleum Co Emission regulator
US3504479A (en) * 1967-03-29 1970-04-07 Everett L Coe Jr Precipitator control apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS306071B1 (de) 1955-08-29

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