US28220A - Edmund victory - Google Patents

Description

l tional UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEicE.

EDMUND VICTORY, OF WATERTOVN, NEW YORK.

MACHINERY SPINNING YARNS.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 28,220, dated May 8, 1860.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, EDMUND VICTORY, of l/Vatertown, in the county of Jefferson, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machinery for Spinning I'Vool, Cotton, Flax, or other Fibrous Material; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and clear description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification.

My improvements relate to that intermediate or preparatory portion of machinery used in spinning which has for its object the production of the roving. Such machinery has been variously constructed; it has been devised first to draw out the sliver or slivers by one set of feed rollers working in connection with a drawing frame and afterward to give a slight twist by addimeehanical means to the several slivers as they come from the draw head or frame. And it has been contrived to subject the slivers simultaneously both to a drawing and twisting action by means of a draw head provided with rollers that not only revolve on their own axes to effect the draw, but also to have a general rotary motion in common with the head to produce the twist.

My present improvements relate to the latter method, and one part consists in certain peculiarities in the construction, arrangement and operation of a draw head of the description last mentioned, while the other portion of said improvements consists in a novel mode of regulating the draw by an adjustable provision of the feed with the drawing rollers, or vice versa, so as to vary the relative distance between them as and for purposes hereinafter set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a side view of machinery having my improvements applied to it; Fig. 2, a plan thereof; Fig. 3, an end elevation of the same and Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7, views of the draw head (detached) and portions thereof, in illustration of certain parts or features of my improvements.

In these drawings, the portion marked (A) represents a drawing frame or head of theA character I have before referred to.

The wool or other fibrous material is first passed through ordinary or any other suitable feed rollers (a, a) the lower one (a) 0f which may be of fluted construction and made to receive a positive motion by suitable gearing, while the upper one (a) of these rollers maybe covered with leather and hung to freely rotate and be held down to exert a necessary pressure by springs (b o). This is an ordinary construction of the feed rollers that are used to convey or guide the slivers to the draw head and to support them when in continuity and being reve for which purpose the line of junction of said rollers is usually in a horizontal plane coinciding with or crossin at a suitable distance from it, the tube (0I of the draw head.

A general rotary motion is communicated to the draw head (A) by means of a cord or band from a drum below and passin around a pully (d) affixed to the draw hea or it may be driven in any other suitable way. This gives to the drawing rollers (e e) a general rot-ary motion in common with the head, they being carried by the latter. In addition to this, said rollers which are or may be situated as in other draw heads and be of any well known or suitable construction, have an independent mot-ion as previously alluded to, but they are here driven in a novel manner and the draw head itself is made to partake of certain peculiarities in construction. Thus, the draw rollers or the one (e) of them, which is driven, and which may as usual be flu'ted while the other roller (e) may be covered with leather and hung to freely rotate under pressure of a spring (f) is not dependentfor its individual rotation upon distinct driving mechanism, but is made of necessity to separately rotate in proper relationship to the general motion of the head by causing it to derive its independent rotation as well as its general movement with the head from and by the motion of the latter. This is here effected by means of a stationary circular rack (g) around and meshing with which a pinion (71,) is made to travel by the general movement of the draw head, said pinion being made fast to a shaft in the rotating draw head, which shaft carries at its one end a screw that gears with and drives a pinion (j) on the one draw roller (e).

The circular stationary rack I prefer to constructas follows: I make it in two parts or halves, as clearly shown in Fig. 7, and attach the one of those ports to or cast it with the cap (B) of one of the standards (B) which carries the tubular shaft of.

the draw head, and attach the other part of said rack to said standard itself, so that by simply turning the head to bring the pinion (7L) to a downward position or out of the way of the standard cap (B) and detaching the caps (B1 B2) fromltheir standards (B, B), the draw head may be lifted out when required for the repairing or cleaning of it or clearing of the eye or tubular shaft (c) thereof of brous material which may be lodged therein.

The rotation on their aXes of the drawing rollers (e e) should of course be faster than that of the feed rollers (a a() to produce the necessary draw on the slivers, as they pass from the last to the former named rollers and are twisted as well as drawn by the head rollers by the already specified general and independent motions of the head rollers and delivered as roving in the fro-nt of them after passage through the eye or tubular shaft (c) of the head. I prefer that said feed and drawing rollers should have a fixed or set speed relatively to each other. The distance between these two sets of rollers however I make variable to facilitate the spinning of fine or coarse wool or whatever the staple may be and to meet other requ1re ments or peculiarities. Thus, by giving Van increased distance between the feed rollers (a, a) and draw rollers (e e) more draft will be produced and the roving made thinner or reduced accordingly, while when coarse roving is required, the distance between the feed and draw rollers should be lessened. This will be clear when it is considered that the feed being the same in each case and supposing the draw head and its rollers to have a fixed speed, then must more twist per foot of necessity be given to the slivers between the feed and draw rollers in proportion as said rollers are set nearer to each other and consequently a more compact and stronger roving be produced.

Of course, if desired, provision for varying the speed of any one or more of these several parts, may be made as well. In connection with this portion of my improvement, there are other important considerations, for instance, working wool, it must be remembered that the nature of the staple varies both in length and coarseness or strength of fiber. Generally the coarser the wool the longer the staple and the liner the wool, the shorter the staple. It should also be remembered that the draw rollers in all cases travel faster on their own axes than the feed rollers in order to produce the draft, consequently if the fiber of the substance to be woven be long enough to reach and be held by, simultaneously, both the feed and draw rollers, a strain will be thrown upon it to cause 1t to break and occasion-frequent or a constant recurrence of breakages and necessitate continual stoppages of the machinery. This however may be avoided by increasing the distance between the feed and draw rollers so as to make it impossible for both sets of rollers to have hold at the same time on the fiber and so as only to grip on a continuity of fibers. It is important too, to prevent stoppages of the machinery and breaking of the liber, that this adjustment of the distance between the feed and draw rollers should be capable of being made while and during the roving is proceeding. To effect this, the feed rollers (a a) may be seated on an independent slide (C) provided with a rack (D) that may project through a slot, made longer than the rack, in the general table or standard Then by turning a handle (F) on the outside, to the right or to the left, may the Vfeed rollers be made to approach or increase their distance from the draw rollers, by means of the shaft on which the handle (F) is fast carrying a pinion (G) that meshes into the rack of the slide (C). A convenient driving arrangement to the feed rollers, to meet this adjustment, is to communicate power through suitable gearing to a vertical shaft which in its turn may be made to drive by bevel gearing (I, J), a toothed cylinder (K) of suliicient length to rovide for the extremes of adjustment o the feed to the draw rollers and which cylinder has meshing into it a pinion (L) carrying on its shaft another pinion M) which gears with a wheel (N) that has on its shaft a bevel pinion (P) meshing into a bevel wheel (Q) on the shaft of the one feed roller (a).

The drawhead it will be seen is constructed with a shield attached to its face toward the front of the spinning frame. This shield is of peculiar construction to operate as hereinafter described. It is circular in form, of a diameter suliiciently large, entirely to cover and protect the drawrollers and sunk or slightly funnel shaped toward the center where a hole or opening is cut which is so shaped as to fit as closely as possible to the periphery of the drawroller withouthowever producing friction therewith. In Figs. 4, 5, and 6, the disk or shield is represented in front and sideelevations and vertical section through Fig. 4 and is marked d. It is there shown attached to the drawhead and revolving with it during the operation of the same.

In order that the operation of the drawhead in connection with the shield may be fully understood I would observe that the sliver after being delivered by the drawhead is received by a bobbin set on a revolving spindle `to which as great a speed is given as the resistance of the material will allow of. The strain on the twisted and drawn sliver being constant, whereas the sliver is not always of perfectly equal force; it follows that it sometimes happens that the sliver breaks between its point of delivery by the drawhead and the spindle. When this takes place it is necessary in drawheads of ordinary construction to stop the running of both the spindle and drawhead to unite the ends of the broken sliver and particularly to prevent the upper end (in the drawhead) from entangling the rollers and gear which is only remedied b y a careful and tedious operation. By this my improvement I avoid these objections, as I am enabled, in case of the sliver breaking to piece 7 the sliver without stopping the running of the drawhead. The disk or shield in front of the drawhead by its peculiar construction and operation prevents the sliver from being thrown around the rollers or' entering the mechanism driving them. I generally use several drawheads on one spinning frame and I arrange them in a row so that all the shields are set in one and the same vertical plane.

F or the further protection of the drawhead and other mechanism in front of the frame, I provide the several heads with a plate or fender common to all, covering the spaces in front between them. This plate has circular holes cut out into which snugly fit the shields above described revolving with the drawheads, and is preferably extended at the top, to form at right angle with the front, .a horizontal shield or fender so as to protect the heads from the sliver entering on the top or from being thrown from one head to another adjacent thereto.

Having thus described my improvements, what I claim, is

1. The mechanism herein described or its substantial equivalent, for regulating the draft and of adjusting the hold of the draw and feed rollers on the liber, for the purposes herein set forth, whereby the distance between the draw and feed rollers, is rendered adjustable and controllable, whether while the machine is in motion or not, and without discontinuing the roving, substantially as specified.

2. The general construction and arrangement of parts of a drawhead, as combined with its diseoidal shield substantially in the manner and for the purposes set forth.

3. Constructing the circular stationary rack in two parts and attaching the one of said parts to the cap of the draw head standard, to facilitate removal of the draw head, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I- have signed my name to this specification before two subscribing witnesses.

EDMUND VICTORY.

Titnesses JN0. M. SIGOURNEY, GEO. W. VVIGGINS.

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