US2821139A - Shielded initiator - Google Patents

Shielded initiator Download PDF

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Publication number
US2821139A
US2821139A US614996A US61499656A US2821139A US 2821139 A US2821139 A US 2821139A US 614996 A US614996 A US 614996A US 61499656 A US61499656 A US 61499656A US 2821139 A US2821139 A US 2821139A
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shell
initiator
case
shielded
wire
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US614996A
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Apstein Maurice
Arthur O Morse
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
    • F42B3/18—Safety initiators resistant to premature firing by static electricity or stray currents
    • F42B3/188—Safety initiators resistant to premature firing by static electricity or stray currents having radio-frequency filters, e.g. containing ferrite cores or inductances

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electrical pyrotechnic initiators.
  • Electrical pyrotechnic initiators are often used near electromagnetic radiation. This creates a serious hazard because the electrical leads sometimes act as an antenna and substantial energy is received in them and transmitted to the initiators. The problem is most serious when the frequency of the radiation is the highest. Then a very short section of unshielded wiring will receive large amounts of energy.
  • electrical pyrotechnic initiator we mean any device which ignites a burning or exploding charge in response to an electrical signal, such as detonators, primers or explosive motors.
  • fuzes for ordnance explosive devices electrical initiators are extensively used. Generally these initiators are highly sensitive because of difiiculties of obtaining and applying high levels of energy in the device. Also, in addition to stray radiation present, it is possible that high energy radiation would be purposely directed at the fuze in an attempt to detonate it prematurely.
  • the present invention provides novel shielded initiator assemblies having integral means for attenuating high-frequency electromagnetic energy reaching the assembly.
  • An object of this invention is to provide an initiator sensitive to D. C. or low-frequency electrical energy which is not sensitive to high-frequency electromagnetic radiation.
  • Another object is to achieve the above with a device that is sturdy, simple, and reliable, yet cheap and easy to manufacture.
  • Fig. l is a sectional view of an initiator in accordance with this invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a modified form of attenuator.
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view of another modified form of attenuator.
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged partial section of the junction of theZ1 cgnductor and shell of the forms shown in Figures 1 an As seen in Fig. 1, an initiator in accordance with the invention has an outer tubular or cup-shaped metallic case 10. A pyrotechnic charge is contained in the case adjacent to the closed end. This charge is composed of three parts: main charge 12, lead charge 14, and primer spot 16.
  • Attenuator shell 18 Also contained in case is attenuator shell 18.
  • the shell is tubular or cup-shaped and co-axial with case 10.
  • the closed end 20 of shell 18 is in contact with the pyrotechnic charge.
  • Central conductor or wire 22 extends into axial hole 24 in the closed end 20.
  • the wire is held in place by bonding material 26 such as epoxy resin.
  • the shell 18 is filled with a lossy magnetic material 28 which will be described in detail later.
  • Wire 22 is covered with insulation '30 in the vicinity of the shell 18 to prevent current leakage to the shell.
  • a high-resistance bridge 32 connects wire 22 with closed end 20 at the shell and is in contact with priming spot 16. As shell 18 is in electrical contact with case 10 the bridge 32 electrically connects wire 22 to the case.
  • These bridges are well-known to the art and may be carbon or resistance wire. Or the bridge and priming spot may be replaced with a conductive mix explosive.
  • Capacitor 34 is coaxial and fits in the end of shell 18; disc 36 makes mechanical and electrical contact with shell 18. Insulator 31 on the wire 22 in the vicinity of disc 36 insulates it from the disc 36. A spot of solder 42 attaches wire 22 to plate 40, which contacts the outer surface of sheet 38.
  • the lossy magnetic material 28 is one which will absorb and attenuate the high frequency electromagnetic field which may have been induced in wire 22.
  • Such materials are known and may consist of electronic powdered iron; however, we prefer to use a ferrite.
  • Electronic powdered iron is a ferromagnetic material of purified iron, or other metals in combination with iron, used in powder form, consisting of particles having micron or submicron dimensions, insulated from each other by an insulating coating or by an insulating binder, or both. It is widely used commercially as electronic core material and is known in the trade by such names as carbonyl iron, Mepham hydrogen-reduced iron, powdered molybdenum Permalloy or Sendust.
  • a ferrite is a ceramic semiconductive ferromagnetic material composed of several metallic oxides having an inverse spinel structure, such as various stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric forms of manganese zinc ferrite, nickel zinc ferrite, magnesium zinc ferrite, and others using bivalent or trivalent substitutions of copper, aluminum, cobalt, lithium and other metals. It is commercially available under such trademarks as Ferroxcube, Ferramic, or Ceramag. To be most effective, as an attenuator of high frequency signals these materials must be close to the conductor; therefore there is no insulation between the conductor 22 and the material 28. Because the materials are not good conductors, they do not appreciably attenuate the normal firing signal to the initiator, which does not have high frequency components.
  • the attenuator shown in Fig. 2 is the same as that of Fig. 1 except the wire 22 is in the form of a helix within the lossy magnetic material 28. This serves two purposes. First, it provides more contact between the conductor and the lossy material; this effect could be achieved by zig-zagging the wire as well. Second, the helix also acts as a high-frequency choke, increasing the impedance to the undesired energy.
  • the attenuator shown in Fig. 3 is designed for twowire initiators. It is the same as the attenuator of Fig. 1 except that wires 21 and 23 are parallel to the axis of the shell rather than coaxial.
  • the bridge 32 is illustrated as a resistance wire. In all cases the lossy magnetic material is proximate to the bridge.
  • a shielded initiator comprising: a case, a pyrotechnic charge contained within the case, :a central electrical conductor within the case, a high resistance bridge electrically connected to the central conductor, said bridge in physical contact with said pyrotechnic charge, and a lossy magnetic material surrounding the conductor, said lossy magnetic material being proximate to said bridge.
  • a shielded initiator comprising: a tubular case, a pyrotechnic charge in said case, a coaxial tubular shell closed at one end in said case in electrical contact therewith, said closed end in contact with said pyrotechnic charge, said closed end having a hole coaxial with the shell, a central conductor in the shell extending into the hole, a bridge of high resistance material in contact with the pyrotechnic charge between the conductor and the shell, and ferrite in said shell surrounding said central conductor.

Description

W 28 M. APSTEIN ETAL SHIELDED INITIATOR Filed Oct. 9, 1956 IN VEN TOR.
Maurice Apsfel'n Arthur 0. Morse BY United States Patent SHIELDED INITIATOR Maurice Apstein, Bethesda, and Arthur 0. Morse, Kensington, Md., assignors to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army Application October 9, 1956, Serial No. 614,996
9 Claims. (Cl. 102-70.2)
(Granted under Title 35, U. S. Code (1952), see. 266) The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government for governmental purposes without the payment to us of any royalty thereon.
This invention relates to electrical pyrotechnic initiators.
Electrical pyrotechnic initiators are often used near electromagnetic radiation. This creates a serious hazard because the electrical leads sometimes act as an antenna and substantial energy is received in them and transmitted to the initiators. The problem is most serious when the frequency of the radiation is the highest. Then a very short section of unshielded wiring will receive large amounts of energy. By the term electrical pyrotechnic initiator, we mean any device which ignites a burning or exploding charge in response to an electrical signal, such as detonators, primers or explosive motors.
In fuzes for ordnance explosive devices, electrical initiators are extensively used. Generally these initiators are highly sensitive because of difiiculties of obtaining and applying high levels of energy in the device. Also, in addition to stray radiation present, it is possible that high energy radiation would be purposely directed at the fuze in an attempt to detonate it prematurely.
The present invention provides novel shielded initiator assemblies having integral means for attenuating high-frequency electromagnetic energy reaching the assembly.
An object of this invention is to provide an initiator sensitive to D. C. or low-frequency electrical energy which is not sensitive to high-frequency electromagnetic radiation.
Another object is to achieve the above with a device that is sturdy, simple, and reliable, yet cheap and easy to manufacture.
The specific nature of the invention as well as other objects, uses, and advantages thereof will clearly appear from the following description and from the accompanying drawing, in which:
Fig. l is a sectional view of an initiator in accordance with this invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a modified form of attenuator.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of another modified form of attenuator.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged partial section of the junction of theZ1 cgnductor and shell of the forms shown in Figures 1 an As seen in Fig. 1, an initiator in accordance with the invention has an outer tubular or cup-shaped metallic case 10. A pyrotechnic charge is contained in the case adjacent to the closed end. This charge is composed of three parts: main charge 12, lead charge 14, and primer spot 16.
Also contained in case is attenuator shell 18. The shell is tubular or cup-shaped and co-axial with case 10. The closed end 20 of shell 18 is in contact with the pyrotechnic charge. Central conductor or wire 22 extends into axial hole 24 in the closed end 20. The wire is held in place by bonding material 26 such as epoxy resin.
2,821,139 Patented Jan. 28, 1958 The shell 18 is filled with a lossy magnetic material 28 which will be described in detail later. Wire 22 is covered with insulation '30 in the vicinity of the shell 18 to prevent current leakage to the shell. A high-resistance bridge 32 connects wire 22 with closed end 20 at the shell and is in contact with priming spot 16. As shell 18 is in electrical contact with case 10 the bridge 32 electrically connects wire 22 to the case. These bridges are well-known to the art and may be carbon or resistance wire. Or the bridge and priming spot may be replaced with a conductive mix explosive.
At the open end of shell 18 is a capacitor 34, consisting of metallic disc 36, metallic plate 40, and dielectric sheet 38 therebetween. Capacitor 34 is coaxial and fits in the end of shell 18; disc 36 makes mechanical and electrical contact with shell 18. Insulator 31 on the wire 22 in the vicinity of disc 36 insulates it from the disc 36. A spot of solder 42 attaches wire 22 to plate 40, which contacts the outer surface of sheet 38.
The lossy magnetic material 28 is one which will absorb and attenuate the high frequency electromagnetic field which may have been induced in wire 22. Such materials are known and may consist of electronic powdered iron; however, we prefer to use a ferrite. Electronic powdered iron is a ferromagnetic material of purified iron, or other metals in combination with iron, used in powder form, consisting of particles having micron or submicron dimensions, insulated from each other by an insulating coating or by an insulating binder, or both. It is widely used commercially as electronic core material and is known in the trade by such names as carbonyl iron, Mepham hydrogen-reduced iron, powdered molybdenum Permalloy or Sendust. A ferrite is a ceramic semiconductive ferromagnetic material composed of several metallic oxides having an inverse spinel structure, such as various stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric forms of manganese zinc ferrite, nickel zinc ferrite, magnesium zinc ferrite, and others using bivalent or trivalent substitutions of copper, aluminum, cobalt, lithium and other metals. It is commercially available under such trademarks as Ferroxcube, Ferramic, or Ceramag. To be most effective, as an attenuator of high frequency signals these materials must be close to the conductor; therefore there is no insulation between the conductor 22 and the material 28. Because the materials are not good conductors, they do not appreciably attenuate the normal firing signal to the initiator, which does not have high frequency components.
The attenuator shown in Fig. 2 is the same as that of Fig. 1 except the wire 22 is in the form of a helix within the lossy magnetic material 28. This serves two purposes. First, it provides more contact between the conductor and the lossy material; this effect could be achieved by zig-zagging the wire as well. Second, the helix also acts as a high-frequency choke, increasing the impedance to the undesired energy.
The attenuator shown in Fig. 3 is designed for twowire initiators. It is the same as the attenuator of Fig. 1 except that wires 21 and 23 are parallel to the axis of the shell rather than coaxial. In this figure the bridge 32 is illustrated as a resistance wire. In all cases the lossy magnetic material is proximate to the bridge.
It will be apparent that the embodiments shown are only exemplary and that various modifications can be made in construction, materials, and arrangement within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
We claim:
1. A shielded initiator comprising: a case, a pyrotechnic charge contained within the case, :a central electrical conductor within the case, a high resistance bridge electrically connected to the central conductor, said bridge in physical contact with said pyrotechnic charge, and a lossy magnetic material surrounding the conductor, said lossy magnetic material being proximate to said bridge.
2. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein said lossy magnetic material is a ferrite.
3. The invention as defined in claim 2 wherein said ferrite is manganese zinc ferrite.
4. The .invention as defined in claim 1 whereby said lossy magnetic material is electronic powdered iron.
5. The invention as defined in claim 1 with the addition of a capacitor between said central conductor and said case.
6. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein said bridge is electrically connected between said central conductor and said case.
7. The invention as defined in claim 6 wherein said central conductor is helical.
8. The invention as defined in claim 1 with the addition of a second conductor surrounded by said lossy mag- 4 netic material and wherein said bridge is electrically connected between said two conductors.
9. A shielded initiator comprising: a tubular case, a pyrotechnic charge in said case, a coaxial tubular shell closed at one end in said case in electrical contact therewith, said closed end in contact with said pyrotechnic charge, said closed end having a hole coaxial with the shell, a central conductor in the shell extending into the hole, a bridge of high resistance material in contact with the pyrotechnic charge between the conductor and the shell, and ferrite in said shell surrounding said central conductor.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS
US614996A 1956-10-09 1956-10-09 Shielded initiator Expired - Lifetime US2821139A (en)

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Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3039363A (en) * 1960-01-28 1962-06-19 Salvatore J Grillo Rocket firing relay
US3044342A (en) * 1958-05-07 1962-07-17 Olin Mathieson Military detonators
US3062143A (en) * 1959-11-02 1962-11-06 Armour Res Found Detonator
US3167014A (en) * 1961-10-05 1965-01-26 Baird Atomic Inc Bridge wire for producing high temperature explosion
US3264989A (en) * 1964-03-06 1966-08-09 Du Pont Ignition assembly resistant to actuation by radio frequency and electrostatic energies
US3298306A (en) * 1964-05-26 1967-01-17 Bendix Corp Electro-explosive device
US3324793A (en) * 1965-04-29 1967-06-13 Detoronics Corp Transmission line type surge attenuator for transient voltage and current impulses
US3426682A (en) * 1967-04-27 1969-02-11 Sidney A Corren Exploding fuse
US3445204A (en) * 1967-08-24 1969-05-20 Standard Railway Fusee Corp Electrically operated igniter for smudge pots
US3773009A (en) * 1971-06-05 1973-11-20 Karlsruhe Augsburg Iweka Device for cutting the anchor cables of sea mines
FR2422138A1 (en) * 1978-04-03 1979-11-02 Thiokol Corp ELECTRICAL SAFETY DETONATOR
US4378738A (en) * 1979-12-19 1983-04-05 Proctor Paul W Electromagnetic and electrostatic insensitive blasting caps, squibs and detonators
US4592280A (en) * 1984-03-29 1986-06-03 General Dynamics, Pomona Division Filter/shield for electro-explosive devices
US4848233A (en) * 1985-10-01 1989-07-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Means for protecting electroexplosive devices which are subject to a wide variety of radio frequency
US5243911A (en) * 1990-09-18 1993-09-14 Dow Robert L Attenuator for protecting electronic equipment from undesired exposure to RF energy and/or lightning
US5309841A (en) * 1991-10-08 1994-05-10 Scb Technologies, Inc. Zener diode for protection of integrated circuit explosive bridge
US5691498A (en) * 1992-02-07 1997-11-25 Trw Inc. Hermetically-sealed electrically-absorptive low-pass radio frequency filters and electromagnetically lossy ceramic materials for said filters
US5821446A (en) * 1997-05-27 1998-10-13 Trw Inc. Inflator for an inflatable vehicle occupant protection device
US5847309A (en) * 1995-08-24 1998-12-08 Auburn University Radio frequency and electrostatic discharge insensitive electro-explosive devices having non-linear resistances
US5939660A (en) * 1997-03-12 1999-08-17 Trw Inc. Inflator for an inflatable vehicle occupant protection device
US6105503A (en) * 1998-03-16 2000-08-22 Auburn University Electro-explosive device with shaped primary charge
US6272992B1 (en) 1999-03-24 2001-08-14 Trw Inc. Power spot ignition droplet
US6305286B1 (en) 1997-03-12 2001-10-23 Trw Inc. Preparation of an igniter with an ultraviolet cured ignition droplet
US6772692B2 (en) 2000-05-24 2004-08-10 Lifesparc, Inc. Electro-explosive device with laminate bridge

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2408125A (en) * 1941-09-11 1946-09-24 Rolfes Hans Jay Means for safeguarding electric igniters of blasting detonators against accidental firing
US2658451A (en) * 1953-03-06 1953-11-10 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Static resistant electric initiator

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2408125A (en) * 1941-09-11 1946-09-24 Rolfes Hans Jay Means for safeguarding electric igniters of blasting detonators against accidental firing
US2658451A (en) * 1953-03-06 1953-11-10 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Static resistant electric initiator

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3044342A (en) * 1958-05-07 1962-07-17 Olin Mathieson Military detonators
US3062143A (en) * 1959-11-02 1962-11-06 Armour Res Found Detonator
US3039363A (en) * 1960-01-28 1962-06-19 Salvatore J Grillo Rocket firing relay
US3167014A (en) * 1961-10-05 1965-01-26 Baird Atomic Inc Bridge wire for producing high temperature explosion
US3264989A (en) * 1964-03-06 1966-08-09 Du Pont Ignition assembly resistant to actuation by radio frequency and electrostatic energies
US3298306A (en) * 1964-05-26 1967-01-17 Bendix Corp Electro-explosive device
US3324793A (en) * 1965-04-29 1967-06-13 Detoronics Corp Transmission line type surge attenuator for transient voltage and current impulses
US3426682A (en) * 1967-04-27 1969-02-11 Sidney A Corren Exploding fuse
US3445204A (en) * 1967-08-24 1969-05-20 Standard Railway Fusee Corp Electrically operated igniter for smudge pots
US3773009A (en) * 1971-06-05 1973-11-20 Karlsruhe Augsburg Iweka Device for cutting the anchor cables of sea mines
FR2422138A1 (en) * 1978-04-03 1979-11-02 Thiokol Corp ELECTRICAL SAFETY DETONATOR
US4378738A (en) * 1979-12-19 1983-04-05 Proctor Paul W Electromagnetic and electrostatic insensitive blasting caps, squibs and detonators
US4592280A (en) * 1984-03-29 1986-06-03 General Dynamics, Pomona Division Filter/shield for electro-explosive devices
US4848233A (en) * 1985-10-01 1989-07-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Means for protecting electroexplosive devices which are subject to a wide variety of radio frequency
US5243911A (en) * 1990-09-18 1993-09-14 Dow Robert L Attenuator for protecting electronic equipment from undesired exposure to RF energy and/or lightning
US5309841A (en) * 1991-10-08 1994-05-10 Scb Technologies, Inc. Zener diode for protection of integrated circuit explosive bridge
US5691498A (en) * 1992-02-07 1997-11-25 Trw Inc. Hermetically-sealed electrically-absorptive low-pass radio frequency filters and electromagnetically lossy ceramic materials for said filters
US5905226A (en) * 1995-08-24 1999-05-18 Auburn University Radio frequency and electrostatic discharge insensitive electro-explosive devices having non-linear resistances
US5847309A (en) * 1995-08-24 1998-12-08 Auburn University Radio frequency and electrostatic discharge insensitive electro-explosive devices having non-linear resistances
US6272965B1 (en) * 1995-08-24 2001-08-14 Auburn University Method of forming radio frequency and electrostatic discharge insensitive electro-explosive devices
US5939660A (en) * 1997-03-12 1999-08-17 Trw Inc. Inflator for an inflatable vehicle occupant protection device
US6305286B1 (en) 1997-03-12 2001-10-23 Trw Inc. Preparation of an igniter with an ultraviolet cured ignition droplet
US5821446A (en) * 1997-05-27 1998-10-13 Trw Inc. Inflator for an inflatable vehicle occupant protection device
US6105503A (en) * 1998-03-16 2000-08-22 Auburn University Electro-explosive device with shaped primary charge
US6272992B1 (en) 1999-03-24 2001-08-14 Trw Inc. Power spot ignition droplet
US6772692B2 (en) 2000-05-24 2004-08-10 Lifesparc, Inc. Electro-explosive device with laminate bridge
US6925938B2 (en) 2000-05-24 2005-08-09 Quantic Industries, Inc. Electro-explosive device with laminate bridge

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