US2820362A

US2820362A - Apparatus for testing yarns

Info

Publication number: US2820362A
Application number: US543902A
Authority: US
Inventors: Levin Menachem; Friedlander Josef; Horowitz Shmuel
Original assignee: MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE
Current assignee: MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE
Priority date: 1954-11-12
Filing date: 1955-10-31
Publication date: 1958-01-21
Anticipated expiration: 1975-01-21
Also published as: CH336619A

Description

M. LEVIN ETAL APPARATUS FOR TESTING YARNS Jan. 21, 1958 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed 001;. 31, 1955 IN V EN TORS MENAGHEM LEVIN :msEF FRIEDLANPER,

+5HMUEL HORou/rTz BY WW ATTORNEYS M. LEVIN ETAL APPARATUS FOR TESTING YARNS Jan, 21, 1 95s 3 Sheets Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 51, 1955 INVENTORS AcHEM LEVIN, Tos EF Fmwwm BY t SHMUEL' HoRowlTz ATTORNEYS Jan. 21, 1958 M. LEVIN ET AL 2,820,362

APPARATUS FOR TESTING YARNS Filed Oct. 31, 1955 3 Sheejas-Sheet 3 E II I III [\I INVENTOR% neuuucmwwlv Tag-1 awn/w :9.

'r SHMUEL HOROWITL APPARATUS FOR TESTING YARNS Menachem Levin, Jerusalem, Josef Friedlander, Haifa,

and Shmuel Horowitz, Tel Aviv, Israel, assignors to The Ministry of Agriculture (The Institute for Fibres and Forest Products), Jerusalem, Israel, and to said Menachem Levin, Josef Friedlander, and Shmuel Horowitz, jointly This invention has the object to provide a yarn tester adapted to give a general estimate of the weaving properties of a yarn, especially of sized or unsized warp yarn. The usual methods of testing yarn ascertain some properties of the yarn only, e. g. its tensile strength or United, States Patent O elongation, but their results do not reliably reflect the in the loom the warp yarn is subjected to two main stresses: tension in the direction of the warp, and alternating bending in opposite direction transversely to the direction of the warp. The tensile stresses, heavy though they may be, do not seem to be the main cause of breakages. These are principally due to the bending of the yarn which tends to break the size and thus to expose the unprotected yarn to the abrasive action of the healds and reed of the loom.

With a view to reproducing these stresses in a controllable and measurable manner, the invention consists in a yarn tester comprising supports between which a plurality of parallel yarns can be stretched under controlled tension, and a yarn deflecting member (deflector) disposed transversely to the yarns so stretched and movable in their longitudinal direction and/ or normal thereto, and while thus moving, adapted to rub along the yarns while bending them sidewards.

The yarn supports may be bars (hereafter called beams), preferably disposed in a horizontal plane. The beams may be parallel to one another, where equal lengths of yarn are to be tested at the same time, or convergent in order to allow yarns of different lengths to be tested.

The controlled tension of the yarns between the supports may be obtained in diflerent ways. For example, the yarns may be secured to both supports, and one of the latter may be mounted movably so as to be able to be approached to, or be removed from, the other support by suitable shifting means, e. g. a rack-and-pinion mechanism or the like. Or both supports may be mounted fixedly, in which case the yarns are fixed to one of the supports and run freely over the other support, and weights are suspended from their free ends.

The deflector may be a simple bar. Or, preferably, a reed similar to a loom reed may be combined with a transverse bar which latter serves as the deflector. In this case, friction takes place between the yarns and the transverse bar as well as the dents of the reed, whereby the natural weaving conditions are approximated still more closely.

"ice

The movements of the deflector may be rectilinear yarns with motions normal thereto.

The invention is illustrated, by way of example only, in the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. l is a diagrammatic perspective view of a tester according to the invention;

Fig. 2 shows a single yarn in three different positions of bending during the work of the testing;

Figs. 3 to 6 show similarly two further embodiments of the invention.

The tester illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises parallel back and front beams 1, 2 disposed in the same horizontal plane. The beam 1 is provided with means (not shown) e. g. small clamps, for securing thereto the ends of a number of yarns 3 to be tested. The clamps may have slots through which the yarns run, and the front beam ,2 may have a corresponding number of grooves in which the yarns run unconnectedly. Weights 4 are attached to the free ends of the yarns below the front beam 2. The yarnsare bent upwards out of the horizontal plane of the beams by means of a deflector.

. This is a comb-like device 5 of a design similar to that of the reed of a loom. It will, therefore, be denoted herein reed. The reed has a plurality of upright members which are denoted herein dents like the wires constituting the reed of a loom, and which aresecured to transverse top and bottom members. The reed also includes an intermediate transverse bar 7 above the plane of the beams. The yarns, passing through the gaps between the dents, run over the bar 7, whereby they are bent out of said horizontal plane. The reed is mounted on supports 6 which are reciprocable in the direction of the yarns 3 by any suitable mechanical means (not shown). As the reed is thus reciprocated, the bar 7 and dents rub along the yarns.

The weights 4 are shown to have prismatic shape and to be disposed closely to one another. This arrangement is preferred as it prevents the weights from turning about their axes, which in turn prevents undesired changes in the original degree of twisting of the yarns.

Fig. 2 shows the end positions and a central position of the reed during its linear reciprocating motion. The position of the bend of the yarns is shifted along the latter, but the magnitude of the bend remains constant. This shifting of the bend has on the yarn an efiect substantially equivalent to the alternating positive and negative bending of the yarn on the loom.

The magnitude of the friction between yarns and the bar 7, and also between the yarn and the dents of the reed, can be chosen arbitrarily by the proper selection of the form of the bar and the material from which it is made, and/or by the distance between the dents. It has been found that for most purposes the friction should be relatively small. In that case the bar will be round, and it may be made from a polished metal, e. g. stainless steel. A higher friction may be obtained by providing flutings on the bar and/or by using another material such as a polymeric plastic substance. If little friction only is desired between the yarns and bar 7, the latter may be arranged to be rotatable about its axis.

The speed of the reciprocating movement of the dcflector will be chosen in accordance with test standards to be laid down. A number of about 280 cycles per minute was found to be satisfactory in laboratory tests carried out with a tester of the kind illustrated in Fig. 1. This tester had a bar 7 of polished and hardened silver steel with a diameter of 10 mm. and was built for the simultaneous testing of 20 yarns. For accurate results at least 40 yarns should be tested, which can thus be done in two runs of the tester. The weights suspended on the yarns amounted toZSO gr; each. When a yarnbreaks,

drive 'motor (not shown). The magnitude of the'bend of the yarn is continually altered between two minima and one maximum coinciding, respectively, with the two end positions and the middle positionof the reed. In addition the bend is shifted along the yarn similarly as in the first embodiment.

The embodiment according toFigs. and 6 is similar to that shown in Figs. 1 and 2, but the bar 7 in this case is'not attached to the reed. Instead, its ends, which are pins of smaller diameter than the. mainpart of the bar, are slidahly inserted in guiding slots 8 disposed in flanges 9 of the reed parallel to the dents thereof, andalso in oblique guiding slots 10, 11 provided in plates 12 which are fixedly disposed on both sides of the track of the reed (one of these plates has not been shown in Fig. 5). The slots and 11 are oblique and so disposed that the bar 7 is constrained to move upwards while the reed moves from either turning point towards the middle, and downwards again while the reed continues to move from .theumiddle. towards the other turning point. .Fig. 6 illustrates the bending of the yarn in such a case.

:The testers here described by way of example have parallel horizontal beams, and the deflector is disposed above. the. plane: of the beams. With a similar-horizontal arrangement of the beams, the deflector may be disposed below the level of the. beams. Moreover, the yarn supports may be arranged differently, for example in a common vertical plane out of which the yarns are bent sidewards by the deflector which is in this case located laterally to the yarns.

We claim:

1. A yarn tester comprising supports adapted for the stretching between them of a plurality of parallel yarns under controllable tension, and a deflector disposed transversely to the stretching direction of the yarns and adapted to move back andforth; said deflector including a reed which comprises dents in combination with a transverse bar, all of them adapted to rub along the yarns during theback and forth movement of the deflector.

2. A yarn tester according to claim 1, wherein the reed is adapted to reciprocate with a linear motion in the direction of the yarns, and the baris movable relative to the reed and guided on the latter, and adapted to be rcciprocated inthedirection of the dents of the reed.

3. A yarn tester according to claim .2, wherein the bar is guided inslots provided in the reed, and in addition in stationary oblique guideways disposed at the ends of the bar.

References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 889,993 Vaughan June 9, 1908 1,108,928 Nickerson Sept. 1, 191.4 2,291,086 Lessig -----s-.-r-- July 28, 1942