US2816916A - Dimerization process - Google Patents
Dimerization process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2816916A US2816916A US382456A US38245653A US2816916A US 2816916 A US2816916 A US 2816916A US 382456 A US382456 A US 382456A US 38245653 A US38245653 A US 38245653A US 2816916 A US2816916 A US 2816916A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- diolefin
- sodium
- aliphatic
- butadiene
- ether
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 title description 19
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 89
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 65
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 64
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 62
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 55
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 24
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- -1 aliphatic diolefins Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 12
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XJKSTNDFUHDPQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 XJKSTNDFUHDPQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 9
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 8
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- OIAQMFOKAXHPNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 OIAQMFOKAXHPNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- CJSBUWDGPXGFGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-butadiene Natural products CC(C)=CC=C CJSBUWDGPXGFGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001911 terphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical class [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- WSYKEDXSSWQGSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diphenylbenzene;sodium Chemical group [Na].C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 WSYKEDXSSWQGSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical class CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 3
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NVEBCYZIHQCMHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-diethylhexanedioic acid Chemical compound CCC(CC)(C(O)=O)CCCC(O)=O NVEBCYZIHQCMHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WUDDSDIHJHPJRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyloctanedioic acid Chemical compound CCC(C(O)=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WUDDSDIHJHPJRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BKDZEDJGRSWQDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethyloctanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(CC)CCCCC(O)=O BKDZEDJGRSWQDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VEUACKUBDLVUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Ca] Chemical compound [Na].[Ca] VEUACKUBDLVUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- APPOKADJQUIAHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-2,4-diene Chemical class CC=CC=CC APPOKADJQUIAHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VVNXEADCOVSAER-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sodium Chemical compound [Li].[Na] VVNXEADCOVSAER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005547 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- JLZUZNKTTIRERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenylethylene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 JLZUZNKTTIRERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISBSSBGEYIBVTO-TYKWNDPBSA-N (20R,22R)-20,22-dihydroxycholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@@](C)(O)[C@H](O)CCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 ISBSSBGEYIBVTO-TYKWNDPBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAXKTBLXMTYWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-butanetriol Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)CO YAXKTBLXMTYWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CAYMIAFKNJGSOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethoxypropane Chemical compound COCC(OC)COC CAYMIAFKNJGSOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-NMQOAUCRSA-N 1,2-dideuteriooxyethane Chemical group [2H]OCCO[2H] LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-NMQOAUCRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUAMLBIYJDPGFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethoxypropane Chemical compound COCCCOC UUAMLBIYJDPGFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCRPAKKYRKGCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2,3-dimethoxypropane Chemical compound CCOCC(OC)COC CCRPAKKYRKGCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNJRPYFBORAQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOC CNJRPYFBORAQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)=C SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMGHERXMTMUMMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxypropane Chemical compound COC(C)C RMGHERXMTMUMMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000882 Ca alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000799 K alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000528 Na alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Suberic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triphenylene Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940074076 glycerol formal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- YENFRIPPRDTIBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxymethanediol Chemical class COC(O)O YENFRIPPRDTIBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOC VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005217 methyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940075930 picrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M picrate anion Chemical compound [O-]C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002587 poly(1,3-butadiene) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XXQBEVHPUKOQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium peroxide Inorganic materials [K+].[K+].[O-][O-] XXQBEVHPUKOQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/15—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction of organic compounds with carbon dioxide, e.g. Kolbe-Schmitt synthesis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/347—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
- C07C51/36—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F1/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
Definitions
- This invention relates broadly to a novel process for the preparation of dimerized products from dienes and to the compositions obtained thereby and, more specifically, relates to a process wherein conjugated aliphatic diolefins are selectively reacted to give high yields of dimerized derivatives relatively free from more highly polymerized products.
- Another object of this invention is to carry out a subsequent step by carbonating the dimetallo derivatives so obtained to form the salts of dicarboxylic acids derived from the dimerized dienes and having two additional carbon atoms.
- the resulting salt products may be converted to acids and the latter isolated, or the salt products may be separated as such and then converted to acids.
- a further, more specific object is to selectively dimerize butadiene using finely dispersed sodium and in the presence of an ether reaction medium and a small amount of a polycyclic-aromatic hydrocarbon to obtain disodiooctadienes and, if desired, thereafter to carbonate said product to obtain aliphatic C dicarboxylic acids and salts thereof.
- the present invention is carried out by initially treating an aliphatic conjugated diolefin with finely dispersed sodium or potassium in the liquid ether medium and in the presence of a relatively small amount of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon at a temperature below C.
- the disodiodiene product thus obtained is then carbonated at a temperature below 0 C., to give the salts of the desired dicarboxylic acids in high yields and selectivity.
- the net result of the initial step is a reaction which yields a dimerized product.
- this product comprises the disodium derivatives of the aliphatic octadienes. From a study of structures of the saturated diacids arising therefrom, it has nited States Patent I 2,816,916 Patented Dec. 17, 1957 'ice Using the herein described selective process, it is possible to obtain combined yields of the above C dimerized products ranging up to -90%based on the butadiene.
- the diolefins which are useful for this improved process include any aliphtic conjugated diolefin such as, for example, butadiene, isoprene, dimethyl butadiene, the pentadiens, as the methyl-1,3-pentadienes, and the like.
- aliphtic conjugated diolefin such as, for example, butadiene, isoprene, dimethyl butadiene, the pentadiens, as the methyl-1,3-pentadienes, and the like.
- the meth- 001 is particularly well adapted to the use of butadiene as the diolefin.
- Either sodium or potassium may be used as the alkali metal reactant.
- the use of sodium is preferred over potassium since sodium gives'excellent selectivity and yields of dimerized products, and it is cheaper and more readily available.
- Chemically pure sodium is not essential, however, since mixtures containing a major proportion of sodium are also useful.
- alloys of sodium and potassium, sodium and calcium, and sodium and lithium can be used.
- a sodium dispersion in which the average particle size is less than 50 microns is necessary for satisfactory dimerization since bulk sodium instead of dispersed sodium either yields no product or results largely in the formation of highly condensed diene polymers.
- the formation of these unwanted polymeric products as the major reaction product can be substantially avoided by employing the sodium or potassium as a fine dispersion.
- This dispersion is most conveniently made in an inert hydrocarbon or ether as a separate step preliminary to the reaction with the diene.
- the reaction medium found most suitable consists essentially of an ether and only certain types of ethers are effective. These particular classes of ethers have the common property of serving as promoters of the diolefin dimerization.
- the ether can be any aliphatic mono ether having a methoxy group, in which the ratio of the number of oxygen atoms to the number of carbon atoms is not less than 1:4. Examples include dimethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl n-propyl ether, methyl isopropyl ether, and mixtures of these methyl ethers. Certain aliphatic polyethers are also quite satisfactory.
- acyclic and cyclic polyethers which are derived by replacing all of the hydroxyl hydrogen atoms of the appropriate polyhydric alcohol by alkyl groups.
- Typical examples are the ethylene glycol dialkyl ethers such as the dimethyl, methyl ethyL diethyI, methyl butyl, ethyl butyl, dibutyl, and butyl lauryl ethylene glycol ethers; trimethylene glycol dimethyl ether, glycerol trimethyl ether, glycerol dimethyl ethyl ether, and diethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, dioxane, glycol formal, methyl glycerol formal, and the like, as well as ethyl and methyl ortho formates, methylal and acetals having the proper carbon to oxygen ratio.
- the simple methyl monoethers, as dimethyl ether, and the polyethers of ethylene glycols, as ethylene glycol dimethyl ether are preferred.
- Hydrocarbon solvents such as isooctane, kerosene, toluene, and benzene cannot be used exclusively as reaction media since they adversely affect the dimerization reaction and give little or no yield of dimer products.
- the ethers should not contain any groups such as bydroxyl, carboxyl and the like which are distinctly reactive towards sodium. Although the ether may react in some reversible manner, it must not be subject to cleavage to give irreversible reaction products during the dimerization process. Such cleavage action destroys the ether and introduces into the reacting system metallic alkoxides which, in turn, tend to induce the rubber forming reaction with the diolefin rather than the desired dimerization reaction.
- reaction medium should consist essentially of the specified ethers
- these inert media will be introduced with the sodium dispersion as the liquid in which the sodium is suspended. They have the principal effect of diluting the ethers.
- the effective concentration of the active ether is decreased by the increased addition of inerts, a minimum concentration of ether is reached below which the promoting effect is not evident.
- the exact minimum concentration depends upon the particular reactants and ether being used as well as the reaction conditions, such as temperature, reactant concentration, and the like employed. In any event, the concentration of ether in the reaction mixture should at all times be maintained at a sufficient level to have a substantial promoting eifect upon the dimerization reaction.
- reaction medium having at least 50 wt. percent of active ether. Although the amount may be varied considerably, from 100 to 2000 cc. of the ether per mole of diolefin undergoing reaction has been found satisfactory.
- a relatively small amount of at least one compound of the polycyclic aromatic class it is intended to include condensed ring hydrocarbons such as naphthalene and phenanthrene, as well as the uncondensed polycyclic compounds such as diphenyl, the terphenyls, dinaphthyl, tetraphenyl ethylene and the like. It is also intended to include mixtures of these compounds.
- the polyphenyl compounds such as diphenyl and the terphenyls and their mixtures have been found to be particularly useful.
- the amount of the hydrocarbon required will vary over a range which in every case will be relatively small in comparison with the amount of diolefin undergoing reaction. The exact amount in any particular reaction will depend on temperature, time of reaction and the structure of the diolefin. Concentrations in the range of 0.1 to wt. percent based on the amount of diolefin are ordinarily quite sufiicient.
- active hydrocarbons have the property of yielding highly colored sodium hydrocarbon addition products in the presence of the active ether employed. While the exact role played by such materials is not fully understood and it is not desired to limit the process to an exact theory, they can be regarded as chemical activating agents which, in effect, have the property of transferring metallic sodium to the diolefin in the reaction zone, facilitating its passage through a film of sodium reaction product which would ordinarily effectively isolate the sodium from reagents present in solution in the surrounding medium.
- the addition of butadiene to an ether solution of sodium-terphenyl in the absence of metallic sodium yielded little or no dimerized butadiene products, but only condensed ring products derived from terphenyl. Therefore, this process is not equivalent to the use of a metallic derivative'of the polycyclic aromatic compound as the dimerization agent.
- reaction temperature preferably be held below 0 C.
- the temperature range between -20 to --50 C. is the preferred one.
- all ethers begin to yield cleavage products at temperatures of about 0 C. and above, with the result that sufiicient alkoxides are formed to yield high polymeric acids rather than the desired low molecular weight disodio-diolefin dimers.
- the reaction may be carried out in a stirred reaction vessel.
- the sodium or potassium dispersion is initially prepared by placing an inert hydrocarbon such as isooctane in a suitable vessel with the appropriate weigh-t of sodium. Using finely dispersed sodium it is only necessary to employ an equimolar amount with the butadiene to be reacted. Although a slight excess may be added, it is unnecessary and it is desirable to have no unconsumed metal remaining at the end of the reaction period. The mixture is heated in a surrounding bath or otherwise until the sodium has melted (M. P. 97.5 0).
- a suitable high speed agitator is started and, preferably, an emulsifier consisting, for example, of /2 (based on sodium) of the dimer of linoleic acid is added.
- an emulsifier consisting, for example, of /2 (based on sodium) of the dimer of linoleic acid is added.
- a test sample of the dispersion shows the particle size to be in the 5-15 micron range.
- the stirring is stopped and the dispersion is allowed to cool to room temperature.
- This dispersion is now ready to be used in the selective dimerization of diolefins.
- Inert liquids such as saturated dibutyl ether, normal octane, n-heptane, or straight run kerosenes, may be employed as suspension media for the dispersion. Any such dispersion having sufficiently finely divided sodium or potassium will suffice.
- Other well-known substances may be used instead of the dimeric linoleic acid as the dispersing
- the dispersion is cooled to and maintained below 0 C. and the diolefin introduced either as a gas, or under pressure, in the liquid phase.
- the diolefin introduced either as a gas, or under pressure, in the liquid phase.
- One quite satisfactory method is to introduce the diolefin into the reaction vessel at approximately the same rate as that at which it reacts with the sodium.
- This reaction may be carried out either in a batchwise or in a continuous manner and it is not intended to limit the process to any particular method of operation.
- the dimetallic derivatives of the diolefin dimers which are selectively formed are thus produced in the reaction mixture.
- These products depending on the diolefin, may be either soluble or insoluble in the reaction medium. In general, they tend to form slurries, as for example, the disodiooctadiene produced from sodium and butadiene.
- these dimetallic derivatives are in themselves novel and it is intended to claim them as new compositions of matter. They can either be isolated as such, or, since they tend to be unstable and diflicult to handle, they can be directly and immediately thereafter subjected to further reactions to form valuable derivatives. For example, subsequent carbonation of the mixture containing the products yields the salts of dicarboxylic acids.
- the carbonation may be done by subjecting the dimetallic-diene derivatives to dry gaseous carbon dioxide, by contact with solid carbon dioxide or by means of a solution of carbon dioxide. The temperature should be controlled below 0 C. to avoid the formation of unwanted by-products. This carbonation forms the dimetallic salts of the unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids.
- salts will contain two more carbon atoms than the dimetallic diene dimers from which they are produced.
- butadiene is the starting aliphatic diolefin, there results by this method the selective production of C unsaturated dicarboxylic acids.
- the dimetallic diene dimer is first made and the carbonation is done as soon afterwards as possible. If carbon dioxide is present during the dimerization, the reaction is neither as selective nor as complete.
- the diacid salts are water soluble and may easily be separated by a water extraction. Alternatively, they may be converted to the free acids by acidification and separated by filtration, evaporation and/or solvent extraction.
- the unsaturated diacids or their salts or other derivatives can be hydrogenated at the double bonds to yield the corresponding saturated compounds, particularly the saturated diacids.
- This also affords a convenient and accurate way to identify structures of the intermediate products.
- the disodiooctadiene product obtained from butadiene ultimately yields a practically quantitative mixture of sebacic acid, 2-ethyl suberic acid and 2,2-diethyl adipic acid. Traces of 3-ethyl suberic acid also may be present.
- EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of C diacids from butadiene The reaction was carried out in a stirred reactor having a gas inlet tube extending into the body of the reaction mixture and a reflux condenser vented to a nitrogen atmosphere. This reactor system was purged with nitrogen and charged with 1000 parts of dimethyl ether, 3 parts (about 1.8 wt. percent based on the butadiene used) of para-terphenyl and 69 parts of sodium dispersed in 70 parts of isooctane. The average particle size of the sodium was microns. A stream of gaseous butadiene amounting to a total of 162 parts was passed into the reactor over a 4-hour period While maintaining vigorous agitation and maintaining the reaction temperature at about C. During this period the disodium derivatives of the C butadiene dimers were formed.
- the reaction mixture containing the disodium derivatives as a slurry was carbonated by pouring it upon an excess of solid carbon dioxide. After evaporation of excess CO dimethyl ether and isooctane, a solid product, consisting essentially of the sodium salts of the C unsaturated dicarboxylic acids remained. A small amount, less than 5%, of rubbery butadiene polymer was also isolated. An alkaline solution of the dicarboxylic acids was hydrogenated using a nickel catalyst.
- the mixed terphenyls (ortho, meta and para isomers) can be satisfactorily substituted for the para-terphenyl of Example 1. Substantially the same results and products are obtained.
- EXAMPLE 6 Preparation of C diacids using para-terphenyl An experiment similar to Example 1 was carried out using substantially the same apparatus as that used in Example 1. The reactor was purged with nitrogen and charged with 320 parts of ethylene glycol diethyl ether and 2 parts of para-terphenyl (about 7.4 wt. percent based on the butadiene used). A dispersion of 25 parts sodium. in 50 parts of di-n-butyl ether, in which the sodium had an average particle size of 12 microns, was then added. A stream of butadiene totaling 27.1 parts was then passed into the reactor over a period of six hours while maintaining the temperature of the reacting mixture between 25 and 35" C.
- Example 6 increased percentages of distillable acids, but, when these was carmfd out s 2 Parts 9 ortho'terphenyl arld were fractionated and studied, they were found to consist Pa of dISPeTSPd Sodlum- A Yleld of 66% of 10 dlbaslc largely of high molecular weight acidic products.
- dISPeTSPd Sodlum- A Yleld of 66% of 10 dlbaslc largely of high molecular weight acidic products.
- EXAMPLE 3 shows dicarboxylic EXAMPLE 3 products of 345 to 540.8 molecular weight (neutralization Preparation of C diacids using naphthalene equlvalent X assllmmg dlaclds)- The total Ylelds Of A th these polymeric acids ranged from 53.3% to 56.9%, E n expgnment was earned out ldentlcal with at of based on the butadiene.
- This ortho-terphenyl-sodium solution was diluted with an additional cc. of the diethyl ether of ethylene glycol. Butadiene (0.68 mole) was then passed into this diluted mixture over a three-hour period at a temperature of 30- C.
- the clear solution obtained after centrifuging was distilled to give 45 g. of a solid.
- the original solid was carbonated, then treated with water and free acid. Less than 0.5 g. of organic acids was obtained.
- An extraction with dibutyl ether gave a large amount of a crystalline solid.
- the total amount of solids obtained was equivalent to a practically theoretical yield of non-acid material consisting substantially of triphenylene; M. P. after recrystallization, 197-199 C.; M. P. of picrate, ZZZ-224 C.; literature values, 198.5 and 223, respectively.
- a process which comprises selectively reacting an aliphatic conjugated diolefin with a finely divided alkali metal in an ether reaction medium of the group consisting of aliphatic monoethers having a methoxy group and an oxygen to carbon ratio of not less than 1:4 and polyethers derived from an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol having all the hydroxyl hydrogen atoms replaced by alkyl groups and mixtures thereof in the presence of a small amount, based on the weight of the diolefin, of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon at a temperature below about C., thereby selectively forming the corresponding dialkali metal derivatives of unsaturated hydrocarbon dimers of said diolefin.
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of para-terphenyl, ortho-terphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and mixed terphenyls.
- aliphatic conjugated diolefin is selected from the group consisting of butadiene, isoprene, and methyl pentadiene.
- a process for selective preparation of disodio dimers of butadiene which comprises reacting a butadiene containing stream with finely dispersed sodium having an average particle size of below about 50 microns in a reaction medium consisting substantially of dimethyl ether in the presence of from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent, based on the butadiene, of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon at a temperature below about 0 C., thereby selectively forming disodio dimers of butadiene.
- a process for selective preparation from an aliphatic conjugated diolefin of dialkali metal salts of aliphatic unsaturated diacids having two more carbon atoms per molecule than a dimer of the diolefin which comprises an initial step of reacting an aliphatic conjugated diolefin with a finely divided alkali metal in an ether reaction medium of the group consisting of aliphatic monoethers having a methoxy group and an oxygen to carbon ratio of not less than 1:4 and polyethers derived from an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol having all the hydroxyl hydrogen atoms replaced by alkyl groups and mixtures thereof in the presence of a small amount, based on the weight of the diolefin, of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon at a temperature below about 0 C.
- reaction mixture comprising selectively formed dialkali metal derivatives of the unsaturated hydrocarbon dimers of said diolefin, and in a subsequent step carbonating dialkali metal derivatives produced in said initial step and unseparated from said reaction mixture to convert said derivatives to the corresponding dialkali metal salts of aliphatic unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having two more carbon atoms per molecule than a dimer of said diolefin.
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of para-terphenyl, ortho-terphenyl, mixed terphenyls, naphthalene and phenanthrene.
- a process, as defined in claim 7, wherein the aliphatic conjugated diolefin is selected from the group consisting of butadiene, isoprene, and methyl pentadiene.
- a process for selective preparation from butadiene of disodio salts of C aliphatic unsaturated diacids which comprises an initial step of reacting a butadiene containing stream with finely dispersed sodium having an average particle size of below about 50 microns in a reaction medium consisting substantially of dimethyl ether in the presence of from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent, based on the butadiene, of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon at a temperature below about 0 C.
- reaction mixture comprising selectively formed disodio derivatives of dimers of butadiene, and in a subsequent step contacting with carbon dioxide disodio derivatives of dimers of butadiene produced in said initial step and unseparated from said reaction mixture at a temperature below about 0 C. to convert said derivatives to disodio salts of aliphatic unsaturated C dicarboxylic acids.
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of para-terphenyl, ortho-terphenyl, naphthalene, diphenyl and phenanthrene.
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Description
DIMERIZATION PROCESS Charles E. Frank, Cincinnati, Ohio, and Walter E. Foster, Baton Rouge, La., assignors to National Distillers and Chemical Corporation, a corporation of Virginia No Drawing. Application September 25, 1953, Serial No. 382,456
14 Claims. (Cl. 260-533) This invention relates broadly to a novel process for the preparation of dimerized products from dienes and to the compositions obtained thereby and, more specifically, relates to a process wherein conjugated aliphatic diolefins are selectively reacted to give high yields of dimerized derivatives relatively free from more highly polymerized products.
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 333,354 filed January 26, 1953.
It is an object of this invention to react aliphatic conjugated diolefins selectively with an alkali metal such as sodium or potassium in finely dispersed form to obtain the dimetallo derivatives of dimerized dienes having twice the number of carbon atoms of the starting diolefins.
Another object of this invention is to carry out a subsequent step by carbonating the dimetallo derivatives so obtained to form the salts of dicarboxylic acids derived from the dimerized dienes and having two additional carbon atoms. The resulting salt products may be converted to acids and the latter isolated, or the salt products may be separated as such and then converted to acids.
A further, more specific object is to selectively dimerize butadiene using finely dispersed sodium and in the presence of an ether reaction medium and a small amount of a polycyclic-aromatic hydrocarbon to obtain disodiooctadienes and, if desired, thereafter to carbonate said product to obtain aliphatic C dicarboxylic acids and salts thereof.
It has been heretofore proposed to prepare mixtures of organic acids by reacting an aliphatic diolefin such as butadiene with sodium or potassium and carbon dioxide in a special solvent and to hydrolyze the compounds so obtained. In this prior work, the sodium was used in massive form, with provision for an abrading or scraping of the sodium surfaces with a rotating brush or scraper. Experimental studies of the products so obtained show that they are complex mixtures of polymeric acids having a range of relatively high molecular weights. Large quantities of polymers of the Buna rubber type are also produced. These materials have relatively little industrial value, and are entirely different from the selectively dimerized products obtained by this invention.
The present invention is carried out by initially treating an aliphatic conjugated diolefin with finely dispersed sodium or potassium in the liquid ether medium and in the presence of a relatively small amount of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon at a temperature below C.
The disodiodiene product thus obtained is then carbonated at a temperature below 0 C., to give the salts of the desired dicarboxylic acids in high yields and selectivity.
The net result of the initial step is a reaction which yields a dimerized product. In the case of sodium and butadiene, this product comprises the disodium derivatives of the aliphatic octadienes. From a study of structures of the saturated diacids arising therefrom, it has nited States Patent I 2,816,916 Patented Dec. 17, 1957 'ice Using the herein described selective process, it is possible to obtain combined yields of the above C dimerized products ranging up to -90%based on the butadiene.
Subsequent carbonation of the above disodium derivatives, followed by hydrogenation and acidification, yields, respectively, sebacic acid, Z-ethylsuberic acid, 2,2'-diethyl adipic acid, and S-ethylsuberic acid.
The diolefins which are useful for this improved process include any aliphtic conjugated diolefin such as, for example, butadiene, isoprene, dimethyl butadiene, the pentadiens, as the methyl-1,3-pentadienes, and the like. In general, it is desirable to use the conjugated diolefins having from 4 to 8, inclusive, carbon atoms. The meth- 001 is particularly well adapted to the use of butadiene as the diolefin.
Either sodium or potassium may be used as the alkali metal reactant. The use of sodium is preferred over potassium since sodium gives'excellent selectivity and yields of dimerized products, and it is cheaper and more readily available. Chemically pure sodium is not essential, however, since mixtures containing a major proportion of sodium are also useful. Thus, alloys of sodium and potassium, sodium and calcium, and sodium and lithium can be used.
One factor essential to the successful production of the dimerized derivatives is the use of the alkali metal in finely dispersed form. A sodium dispersion in which the average particle size is less than 50 microns is necessary for satisfactory dimerization since bulk sodium instead of dispersed sodium either yields no product or results largely in the formation of highly condensed diene polymers. The formation of these unwanted polymeric products as the major reaction product can be substantially avoided by employing the sodium or potassium as a fine dispersion. This dispersion is most conveniently made in an inert hydrocarbon or ether as a separate step preliminary to the reaction with the diene.
The reaction medium found most suitable consists essentially of an ether and only certain types of ethers are effective. These particular classes of ethers have the common property of serving as promoters of the diolefin dimerization. The ether can be any aliphatic mono ether having a methoxy group, in which the ratio of the number of oxygen atoms to the number of carbon atoms is not less than 1:4. Examples include dimethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl n-propyl ether, methyl isopropyl ether, and mixtures of these methyl ethers. Certain aliphatic polyethers are also quite satisfactory. These include the acyclic and cyclic polyethers which are derived by replacing all of the hydroxyl hydrogen atoms of the appropriate polyhydric alcohol by alkyl groups. Typical examples are the ethylene glycol dialkyl ethers such as the dimethyl, methyl ethyL diethyI, methyl butyl, ethyl butyl, dibutyl, and butyl lauryl ethylene glycol ethers; trimethylene glycol dimethyl ether, glycerol trimethyl ether, glycerol dimethyl ethyl ether, and diethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, dioxane, glycol formal, methyl glycerol formal, and the like, as well as ethyl and methyl ortho formates, methylal and acetals having the proper carbon to oxygen ratio. The simple methyl monoethers, as dimethyl ether, and the polyethers of ethylene glycols, as ethylene glycol dimethyl ether are preferred. Hydrocarbon solvents such as isooctane, kerosene, toluene, and benzene cannot be used exclusively as reaction media since they adversely affect the dimerization reaction and give little or no yield of dimer products.
The ethers should not contain any groups such as bydroxyl, carboxyl and the like which are distinctly reactive towards sodium. Although the ether may react in some reversible manner, it must not be subject to cleavage to give irreversible reaction products during the dimerization process. Such cleavage action destroys the ether and introduces into the reacting system metallic alkoxides which, in turn, tend to induce the rubber forming reaction with the diolefin rather than the desired dimerization reaction.
Although the reaction medium should consist essentially of the specified ethers other inert media can be employed in limited amounts. In general, these inert media will be introduced with the sodium dispersion as the liquid in which the sodium is suspended. They have the principal effect of diluting the ethers. As the effective concentration of the active ether is decreased by the increased addition of inerts, a minimum concentration of ether is reached below which the promoting effect is not evident. The exact minimum concentration depends upon the particular reactants and ether being used as well as the reaction conditions, such as temperature, reactant concentration, and the like employed. In any event, the concentration of ether in the reaction mixture should at all times be maintained at a sufficient level to have a substantial promoting eifect upon the dimerization reaction. In general, it is good practice to use a reaction medium having at least 50 wt. percent of active ether. Although the amount may be varied considerably, from 100 to 2000 cc. of the ether per mole of diolefin undergoing reaction has been found satisfactory.
It is further necessary to include in the dimerization reaction mixture a relatively small amount of at least one compound of the polycyclic aromatic class. By this term it is intended to include condensed ring hydrocarbons such as naphthalene and phenanthrene, as well as the uncondensed polycyclic compounds such as diphenyl, the terphenyls, dinaphthyl, tetraphenyl ethylene and the like. It is also intended to include mixtures of these compounds. The polyphenyl compounds such as diphenyl and the terphenyls and their mixtures have been found to be particularly useful. The amount of the hydrocarbon required will vary over a range which in every case will be relatively small in comparison with the amount of diolefin undergoing reaction. The exact amount in any particular reaction will depend on temperature, time of reaction and the structure of the diolefin. Concentrations in the range of 0.1 to wt. percent based on the amount of diolefin are ordinarily quite sufiicient.
The activation effect which these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons show is apparent both in the greatly increased selectivity of the diolefin dimerization as well as the increased speed of the reaction.
These active hydrocarbons have the property of yielding highly colored sodium hydrocarbon addition products in the presence of the active ether employed. While the exact role played by such materials is not fully understood and it is not desired to limit the process to an exact theory, they can be regarded as chemical activating agents which, in effect, have the property of transferring metallic sodium to the diolefin in the reaction zone, facilitating its passage through a film of sodium reaction product which would ordinarily effectively isolate the sodium from reagents present in solution in the surrounding medium. However, the addition of butadiene to an ether solution of sodium-terphenyl in the absence of metallic sodium yielded little or no dimerized butadiene products, but only condensed ring products derived from terphenyl. Therefore, this process is not equivalent to the use of a metallic derivative'of the polycyclic aromatic compound as the dimerization agent.
It is a further requirement in the process that the reaction temperature preferably be held below 0 C. The temperature range between -20 to --50 C. is the preferred one. Generally speaking, all ethers begin to yield cleavage products at temperatures of about 0 C. and above, with the result that sufiicient alkoxides are formed to yield high polymeric acids rather than the desired low molecular weight disodio-diolefin dimers.
The reaction may be carried out in a stirred reaction vessel. In one typical method for carrying out the invention, the sodium or potassium dispersion is initially prepared by placing an inert hydrocarbon such as isooctane in a suitable vessel with the appropriate weigh-t of sodium. Using finely dispersed sodium it is only necessary to employ an equimolar amount with the butadiene to be reacted. Although a slight excess may be added, it is unnecessary and it is desirable to have no unconsumed metal remaining at the end of the reaction period. The mixture is heated in a surrounding bath or otherwise until the sodium has melted (M. P. 97.5 0). Then a suitable high speed agitator is started and, preferably, an emulsifier consisting, for example, of /2 (based on sodium) of the dimer of linoleic acid is added. After a short period of agitation, a test sample of the dispersion shows the particle size to be in the 5-15 micron range. The stirring is stopped and the dispersion is allowed to cool to room temperature. This dispersion is now ready to be used in the selective dimerization of diolefins. Inert liquids such as saturated dibutyl ether, normal octane, n-heptane, or straight run kerosenes, may be employed as suspension media for the dispersion. Any such dispersion having sufficiently finely divided sodium or potassium will suffice. Other well-known substances may be used instead of the dimeric linoleic acid as the dispersing agents.
The dispersion is cooled to and maintained below 0 C. and the diolefin introduced either as a gas, or under pressure, in the liquid phase. One quite satisfactory method is to introduce the diolefin into the reaction vessel at approximately the same rate as that at which it reacts with the sodium.
This reaction may be carried out either in a batchwise or in a continuous manner and it is not intended to limit the process to any particular method of operation.
The dimetallic derivatives of the diolefin dimers which are selectively formed are thus produced in the reaction mixture. These products, depending on the diolefin, may be either soluble or insoluble in the reaction medium. In general, they tend to form slurries, as for example, the disodiooctadiene produced from sodium and butadiene.
It is believed that these dimetallic derivatives are in themselves novel and it is intended to claim them as new compositions of matter. They can either be isolated as such, or, since they tend to be unstable and diflicult to handle, they can be directly and immediately thereafter subjected to further reactions to form valuable derivatives. For example, subsequent carbonation of the mixture containing the products yields the salts of dicarboxylic acids. The carbonation may be done by subjecting the dimetallic-diene derivatives to dry gaseous carbon dioxide, by contact with solid carbon dioxide or by means of a solution of carbon dioxide. The temperature should be controlled below 0 C. to avoid the formation of unwanted by-products. This carbonation forms the dimetallic salts of the unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids. These. salts .will contain two more carbon atoms than the dimetallic diene dimers from which they are produced. In the case where butadiene is the starting aliphatic diolefin, there results by this method the selective production of C unsaturated dicarboxylic acids.
It is important when producing the diacids and their salts to carry out the dimerization and carbonation as two separate steps. The dimetallic diene dimer is first made and the carbonation is done as soon afterwards as possible. If carbon dioxide is present during the dimerization, the reaction is neither as selective nor as complete.
The diacid salts are water soluble and may easily be separated by a water extraction. Alternatively, they may be converted to the free acids by acidification and separated by filtration, evaporation and/or solvent extraction.
These unsaturated diacid products find use as chemical intermediates, and are valuable in the perparation of polymers and copolymers, plasticizers and drying oils. They are especially useful in esters and polyester and polyamide resins.
In addition, the unsaturated diacids or their salts or other derivatives can be hydrogenated at the double bonds to yield the corresponding saturated compounds, particularly the saturated diacids. This also affords a convenient and accurate way to identify structures of the intermediate products. For example, the disodiooctadiene product obtained from butadiene ultimately yields a practically quantitative mixture of sebacic acid, 2-ethyl suberic acid and 2,2-diethyl adipic acid. Traces of 3-ethyl suberic acid also may be present.
The invention will be described in greater detail by the following examples. These examples and embodiments are illustrative only, and the invention is not in any way intended to be limited thereto except as indicated by the appended claims. All parts are expressed as by weight unless otherwise specified.
EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of C diacids from butadiene The reaction was carried out in a stirred reactor having a gas inlet tube extending into the body of the reaction mixture and a reflux condenser vented to a nitrogen atmosphere. This reactor system was purged with nitrogen and charged with 1000 parts of dimethyl ether, 3 parts (about 1.8 wt. percent based on the butadiene used) of para-terphenyl and 69 parts of sodium dispersed in 70 parts of isooctane. The average particle size of the sodium was microns. A stream of gaseous butadiene amounting to a total of 162 parts was passed into the reactor over a 4-hour period While maintaining vigorous agitation and maintaining the reaction temperature at about C. During this period the disodium derivatives of the C butadiene dimers were formed.
After the butadiene addition was completed, the reaction mixture containing the disodium derivatives as a slurry was carbonated by pouring it upon an excess of solid carbon dioxide. After evaporation of excess CO dimethyl ether and isooctane, a solid product, consisting essentially of the sodium salts of the C unsaturated dicarboxylic acids remained. A small amount, less than 5%, of rubbery butadiene polymer was also isolated. An alkaline solution of the dicarboxylic acids was hydrogenated using a nickel catalyst.
The hydrogenated diacids were precipitated by addition of mineral acid. The combined yield of lO-carbon atom diacids was 67% based on the sodium. Separation and analysis of this mixture showed the following composition:
2,2-diethyladipic acid percent 8 2-ethyl suberic acid do 36 Sebacic acid do 23 B-ethyl suberic acid trace The individual acids were identified by their melting points.
The mixed terphenyls (ortho, meta and para isomers) can be satisfactorily substituted for the para-terphenyl of Example 1. Substantially the same results and products are obtained.
EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of C diacids from isoprene Substantially the same procedure as described above in Example 1 was repeated with the exception that 204 parts of isoprene was used as the conjugated diolefin instead of the butadiene. After reaction with finely dispersed sodium followed by carbonation and hydrogenation, the reaction product was found to contain C dicarboxylic acids in 64% yield based on the sodium.
EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of C diacids from methyl-pentadienes A further experiment was carried out following the procedure of Example 1 except that 246 parts of a mixture of 4-methyl-1,3-pentadiene and 2-methyl-l,3- pentadiene was used. The resulting reaction mixture yielded a mixture of C dicarboxylic acids in 56% yields based on the sodium.
EXAMPLE 4 Preparation of C diacids using sodium-calcium alloy The procedure of Example 1 using butadiene was followed except that 75 parts of a sodium-calcium (75:25) alloy was dispersed and used instead of 69 parts of sodium. A yield of 57% of C dicarboxylic acids based on the sodium was obtained.
EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of C diacids using sodium-lithium alloy The same procedure of Example 1 was again repeated using 75 parts of a sodium-lithium (:5) alloy instead of 69 parts of sodium. This procedure gave a 54% yield of C dicarboxylic acids based on the sodium.
EXAMPLE 6 Preparation of C diacids using para-terphenyl An experiment similar to Example 1 was carried out using substantially the same apparatus as that used in Example 1. The reactor was purged with nitrogen and charged with 320 parts of ethylene glycol diethyl ether and 2 parts of para-terphenyl (about 7.4 wt. percent based on the butadiene used). A dispersion of 25 parts sodium. in 50 parts of di-n-butyl ether, in which the sodium had an average particle size of 12 microns, was then added. A stream of butadiene totaling 27.1 parts was then passed into the reactor over a period of six hours while maintaining the temperature of the reacting mixture between 25 and 35" C.
After the addition of butadiene was completed, the reaction mixture was carbonated by pouring it onto an excess of crushed Dry Ice. Excess CO was allowed to evaporate and the mixture was treated with about 200 parts of water in a nitrogen atmosphere. The water and hydrocarbon layers were then separated. The oil layer was washed with dilute sodium carbonate solution, which was then added to the water layer. The organic acids were separated from the water layer by acidification with mineral acid. The crude acid so obtained amounted to about 68 parts by weight. This product was dissolved in 200 parts of diethyl ether and hydrogenated over a platinum catalyst to yield the corresponding saturated dicarboxylic acids.
After hydrogenation, a part of the sebasic acid precipitated from the ether solution. The remaining acid products were isolated by evaporating off the ether solvent, followed by filtration, petroleum ether extraction, and distillation under reduced pressure. The products had the following composition:
Parts sebacic acid 15.8 Z-ethylsuberic acid 20.8 3-ethylsuberic acid and 2,2'-diethyladipic acid 4.7
subsequent to the contacting of the sodium and butadiene, while in run 4, the carbonation was caried out simultaneously. Analysis of the product showed that there was only a trace (a maximum of about 2%) of distillable acids produced. The major part of the butadiene was These roducts re resent an 82 ield of C dicar- 9 boxylic agids based 2 the zz converted into hlgh molecular weight rubbery products. Runs 5 and 6 show the results obtained when the EXAMPLE 7 process of runs No. 1 through 4 was repeated in the prespreparation of C diacids using ortho terphenyl ence of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, para-teru 10 phenyl. The products were found to contain somewhat An experiment s1m1lar in every way t Example 6 increased percentages of distillable acids, but, when these was carmfd out s 2 Parts 9 ortho'terphenyl arld were fractionated and studied, they were found to consist Pa of dISPeTSPd Sodlum- A Yleld of 66% of 10 dlbaslc largely of high molecular weight acidic products. For exaclds was obtamedample, the result obtained in run No. 5 shows dicarboxylic EXAMPLE 3 products of 345 to 540.8 molecular weight (neutralization Preparation of C diacids using naphthalene equlvalent X assllmmg dlaclds)- The total Ylelds Of A th these polymeric acids ranged from 53.3% to 56.9%, E n expgnment was earned out ldentlcal with at of based on the butadiene. These results clearly show that no xamgle except that 2 parts of naphthalene was used selective dimerization has taken place t A 66% yleld of C10 dlcar' The great selectivity and other advantages obtained by oxy 16 am 8 resu using the herein described novel process are obvious from EXAMPLE 9 the data of runs 7 and 8. In these reactions finely dispersed sodium (less than 50 microns average particle size) Prepamnon of dmclds usmg tetmphenyl ethylene was employed in conjunction with small amounts of ter- The procedure and conditions of Example 6 were folphenyls as the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. In each lowed using 2 parts of tetraphenyl ethylene instead of case, the reaction was carried out in two steps, the carbopara-terphenyl and 46 parts of dispersed sodium. About nation being separate and distinct. The low neutraliza- 10% yield of C dibasic acids was obtained. tion equivalents of the reaction products indicate that they EXAMPLE 10 are essentially C dicrarboxylic acids from the carbonation of butadiene dimerization products. An unexpected Preparation of C10 dmclds usmg phenanthrene and superior yield of 80 to 90% based on the butadiene of An experiment similar to that of Example 6 was carthese low molecular weight diacid products was obtained.
Reaction conditions Product analysis Percent Run Carbonation yield on No. Sodium, percent Butadiene Conditions Distilbump excess over Aromatichydro- Solvent Time, lable Neut. dlene theory carbon min. acids, equiv.
Grams Rate grns.
1 1,000 Ethylene glycol 107 All at start. 138 Separate step, 0.627 g. 2 Trace dimethyl ether. COz/min. 2 1,000 do 108 0.5 gJmin-.. 216 SeIparate step, Dry 1 Trace ce. 1.000 Dimethylether 127 0.5 gJmin-.. 252 do 5.4 142 2.3 4 1,000 do 108 0.5g./mln--. 250 Simultaneous, 002..-- 5 2.3
a. 5.-- 1,000 6g.paraterphenyi do 103 0.37 g./min.- 278 Separate step, Dry b. 46.6 152.9 24.6 (5.8%). Ice. 0. 39.1 270.4 20.7 a. 13.2 397.2 5.3 6. 1.000 6g.paraterphenyl do 142 0.63 g./min 226 do a. 45.2 207.0 18.0 (4.2 c. 84.0 511.7 33.6 7-.. dispersed Na. Orthoterphenyi..- do 27 0.1 gJmin--- 300 do 44.5 107 90 8- 12(1)q dispersed Paraterphenyl do 27 0.1 g./min 300 40. 6 111 83 1 The theoretical neutralization equivalent for C10 dibasic acids is 101, and the molecular weight is 202. 9 The major product from the butadiene was white, polymeric rubber acids.
ried out using 2 parts of phenanthrene instead of paraterphenyl and 46 parts of dispersed sodium. A 51% yield of C diacids resulted.
EXAMPLE 11 Comparative studies on conditions A series of comparative experiments was done in a critical study of the process. Butadiene was the diolefin employed in all these runs. The details of the operation and the results obtained are shown in the table below.
In runs No. 1 to 4, inclusive, massive bulk sodium metal was used in conjunction with various of the active others including both ethylene glycol dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether. The reaction temperature in runs 3 to 8, inclusive, was 25 to 30 C., and about 0 C. in runs 1 and 2. The solid sodium surface was exposed in the reaction mixture throughout the reaction period with the sodium surface being continuously abraded by forcing the sodium piece against a wire brush. In runs No. 1 to 3, inclusive, a separate carbonation step was carried out EXAMPLE 12 Attempted use of sodium-terphenyl complex The reaction of butadiene with a sodium-terphenyl complex was attempted. The results obtained indicate that, in the absence of metallic sodium, only unwanted byproducts were formed, and no detectable dimerization of butadiene occurred.
A solution of grams (0.5 mole) of ortho-terphenyl in 525 cc. of the diethyl ether of ethylene glycol was contacted with sodium ribbon (99 g., an excess) for a period of time. The resulting solution was decanted from the excess metallic sodium. Analysis by titration indicated that approximately 0.68 mole of sodium had combined with the 0.5 mole of ortho-terphenyl.
This ortho-terphenyl-sodium solution was diluted with an additional cc. of the diethyl ether of ethylene glycol. Butadiene (0.68 mole) was then passed into this diluted mixture over a three-hour period at a temperature of 30- C. The clear solution obtained after centrifuging was distilled to give 45 g. of a solid. The original solid was carbonated, then treated with water and free acid. Less than 0.5 g. of organic acids was obtained. An extraction with dibutyl ether gave a large amount of a crystalline solid. The total amount of solids obtained was equivalent to a practically theoretical yield of non-acid material consisting substantially of triphenylene; M. P. after recrystallization, 197-199 C.; M. P. of picrate, ZZZ-224 C.; literature values, 198.5 and 223, respectively.
From the above experiment, it is clear that the butadiene did not undergo the desired dimerization reaction in the presence of the sodium containing complex. It is evident that the presence of the alkali metal is essential for the selective dimerization of the conjugated diolefins as herein described.
What is claimed is:
1. A process which comprises selectively reacting an aliphatic conjugated diolefin with a finely divided alkali metal in an ether reaction medium of the group consisting of aliphatic monoethers having a methoxy group and an oxygen to carbon ratio of not less than 1:4 and polyethers derived from an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol having all the hydroxyl hydrogen atoms replaced by alkyl groups and mixtures thereof in the presence of a small amount, based on the weight of the diolefin, of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon at a temperature below about C., thereby selectively forming the corresponding dialkali metal derivatives of unsaturated hydrocarbon dimers of said diolefin.
2. A process, as defined in claim 1, wherein the diolefin contains from four to eight carbon atoms, the alkali metal is finely dispersed sodium and the polycyclic aro matic hydrocarbon is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent based on the diolefin.
3. A process, as defined in claim 1, wherein the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of para-terphenyl, ortho-terphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and mixed terphenyls.
4. A process, as defined in claim 1, wherein the aliphatic conjugated diolefin is selected from the group consisting of butadiene, isoprene, and methyl pentadiene.
5. A process, as defined in claim 1, wherein the ether is dimethyl ether.
6. A process for selective preparation of disodio dimers of butadiene which comprises reacting a butadiene containing stream with finely dispersed sodium having an average particle size of below about 50 microns in a reaction medium consisting substantially of dimethyl ether in the presence of from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent, based on the butadiene, of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon at a temperature below about 0 C., thereby selectively forming disodio dimers of butadiene.
7. A process for selective preparation from an aliphatic conjugated diolefin of dialkali metal salts of aliphatic unsaturated diacids having two more carbon atoms per molecule than a dimer of the diolefin which comprises an initial step of reacting an aliphatic conjugated diolefin with a finely divided alkali metal in an ether reaction medium of the group consisting of aliphatic monoethers having a methoxy group and an oxygen to carbon ratio of not less than 1:4 and polyethers derived from an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol having all the hydroxyl hydrogen atoms replaced by alkyl groups and mixtures thereof in the presence of a small amount, based on the weight of the diolefin, of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon at a temperature below about 0 C. thereby providing a reaction mixture comprising selectively formed dialkali metal derivatives of the unsaturated hydrocarbon dimers of said diolefin, and in a subsequent step carbonating dialkali metal derivatives produced in said initial step and unseparated from said reaction mixture to convert said derivatives to the corresponding dialkali metal salts of aliphatic unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having two more carbon atoms per molecule than a dimer of said diolefin.
8. A process, as defined in claim 7, wherein the carbonating step is carried out at below about 0 C.
9. A process, as defined in claim 7, wherein the diolefin contains from four to eight carbon atoms, the alkali metal is finely dispersed sodium, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent based on the diolefin, and the carbonation step is carried out at below about 0 C.
10. A process, as defined in claim 7, wherein the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of para-terphenyl, ortho-terphenyl, mixed terphenyls, naphthalene and phenanthrene.
11. A process, as defined in claim 7, wherein the aliphatic conjugated diolefin is selected from the group consisting of butadiene, isoprene, and methyl pentadiene.
12. A process, as defined in claim 7, wherein the ether is dimethyl ether.
13. A process for selective preparation from butadiene of disodio salts of C aliphatic unsaturated diacids which comprises an initial step of reacting a butadiene containing stream with finely dispersed sodium having an average particle size of below about 50 microns in a reaction medium consisting substantially of dimethyl ether in the presence of from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent, based on the butadiene, of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon at a temperature below about 0 C. thereby providing a reaction mixture comprising selectively formed disodio derivatives of dimers of butadiene, and in a subsequent step contacting with carbon dioxide disodio derivatives of dimers of butadiene produced in said initial step and unseparated from said reaction mixture at a temperature below about 0 C. to convert said derivatives to disodio salts of aliphatic unsaturated C dicarboxylic acids.
14. A process, as defined in claim 13, wherein the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of para-terphenyl, ortho-terphenyl, naphthalene, diphenyl and phenanthrene.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,019,832 Scott Nov. 5, 1935 2,171,868 Scott et al. Sept. 5, 1939 2,352,461 Walker June 27, 1944 2,773,092 Carley et al. Dec. 4, 1956 FOREIGN PATENTS 23,727 Great Britain of 1900 OTHER REFERENCES Hansley: Ind. and Eng. Chem, vol. 43 (1951), pgs. 1759-66.
Claims (1)
- 7. A PROCESS FOR SELECTIVE PREPARATION FROM AN ALIPHATIC CONJUGATED DIOLEFIN OF DIALKALI METAL SALTS OF ALIPHATIC UNSATURATED DIACIDS HAVING TWO MORE CARBON ATOMS PER MOLECULE THAN A DIMER OF THE DIOLEFIN WHICH COMPRISES AN INITIAL STEP OF REACTING AN ALIPHATIC CONJUGATED DIOLEFIN WITH A FINELY DIVIDED ALKALI METAL IN AN ETHER REACTION MEDIUM OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ALIPHATIC MONOETHERS HAVING A METHOXY GROUP AND AN OXYGEN TO CARBON RATIO OF NOT LESS THAN 1:4 AND POLYETHERS DERIVED FROM AN ALIPHATIC POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOL HAVING ALL THE HYDROXYL HYDROGEN ATOMS REPLACED BY ALKYL GROUPS AND MIXTURES THEREOF IN THE PRESENCE OF A SMALL AMOUNT, BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF THE DIOLEFIN, OF A POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON AT A TEMPERATURE BELOW ABOUT O* C. THEREBY PROVIDING A REACTION MIXTURE COMPRISING SELECTIVELY FORMED DIALKALI METAL DERIVATIVES OF THE UNSATURATED HYDROCARBON DIMERS OF SAID DIOLEFIN, AND IN A SUBSEQUENT STEP CARBONATING DIALKALI METAL DERIVATIVES PRODUCED IN SAID INITIAL STEP AND UNSEPARATED FROM SAID REACTION MIXTURE TO CONVERT SAID DERIVATIVES TO THE CORRESPONDING DIALKALI METAL SALTS OF ALIPHATIC UNSATURATED DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS HAVING TWO MORE CARBON ATOMS PER MOLECULE THAN A DIMER OF SAID DIOLEFIN.
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US382456A US2816916A (en) | 1953-01-26 | 1953-09-25 | Dimerization process |
DEN8358A DE1150679B (en) | 1953-01-26 | 1954-01-26 | Process for the preparation of dialkyl compounds of dimerized diolefins |
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US322988XA | 1953-01-26 | 1953-01-26 | |
US382456A US2816916A (en) | 1953-01-26 | 1953-09-25 | Dimerization process |
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2956087A (en) * | 1958-12-04 | 1960-10-11 | Nat Distillers Chem Corp | Dimerization of vinyl aromatic compounds |
US3012986A (en) * | 1959-07-09 | 1961-12-12 | Nat Distillers Chem Corp | Urea-formaldehyde modification of branched chain polyamides and product obtained thereby |
US3013071A (en) * | 1957-12-02 | 1961-12-12 | Nat Distillers Chem Corp | Diolefin dimers and acid derivatives thereof |
US3061582A (en) * | 1959-07-09 | 1962-10-30 | Nat Distillers Chem Corp | Ethylenic modification of branched chain polyamides |
US3061581A (en) * | 1959-07-09 | 1962-10-30 | Nat Distillers Chem Corp | Vinyl modification of branched chain polyamides |
US3243287A (en) * | 1962-09-14 | 1966-03-29 | Crucible Steel Co America | Hot strength iron base alloys |
US3686299A (en) * | 1968-01-31 | 1972-08-22 | Montedison Spa | Process for the preparation of acyclic dicarboxylic acids from dienic hydrocarbons |
US3716594A (en) * | 1969-04-01 | 1973-02-13 | Nippon Soda Co | Process for the production of living oligomer |
US4034000A (en) * | 1963-09-23 | 1977-07-05 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Difunctional polymeric dienes |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE2908928A1 (en) * | 1979-03-07 | 1980-09-18 | Studiengesellschaft Kohle Mbh | METHOD FOR PRODUCING ORGANOLITHIUM COMPOUNDS IN ADDITION TO LITHIUM HYDROID |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB190023727A (en) * | 1900-12-28 | 1901-12-21 | Charles Moureu | Manufacture of Useful Products from Heptine and Octine. |
US2019832A (en) * | 1933-09-29 | 1935-11-05 | Du Pont | Reactions of sodium with hydrocarbons |
US2171868A (en) * | 1936-04-09 | 1939-09-05 | Du Pont | Alkali metal derivatives of acetylenic hydrocarbons |
US2352461A (en) * | 1942-02-25 | 1944-06-27 | Du Pont | High molecular weight unsaturated organic acids and process of preparing them |
US2773092A (en) * | 1954-12-06 | 1956-12-04 | Ethyl Corp | Dimerization process |
-
1953
- 1953-09-25 US US382456A patent/US2816916A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1954
- 1954-01-26 DE DEN8358A patent/DE1150679B/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB190023727A (en) * | 1900-12-28 | 1901-12-21 | Charles Moureu | Manufacture of Useful Products from Heptine and Octine. |
US2019832A (en) * | 1933-09-29 | 1935-11-05 | Du Pont | Reactions of sodium with hydrocarbons |
US2171868A (en) * | 1936-04-09 | 1939-09-05 | Du Pont | Alkali metal derivatives of acetylenic hydrocarbons |
US2352461A (en) * | 1942-02-25 | 1944-06-27 | Du Pont | High molecular weight unsaturated organic acids and process of preparing them |
US2773092A (en) * | 1954-12-06 | 1956-12-04 | Ethyl Corp | Dimerization process |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3013071A (en) * | 1957-12-02 | 1961-12-12 | Nat Distillers Chem Corp | Diolefin dimers and acid derivatives thereof |
US2956087A (en) * | 1958-12-04 | 1960-10-11 | Nat Distillers Chem Corp | Dimerization of vinyl aromatic compounds |
US3012986A (en) * | 1959-07-09 | 1961-12-12 | Nat Distillers Chem Corp | Urea-formaldehyde modification of branched chain polyamides and product obtained thereby |
US3061582A (en) * | 1959-07-09 | 1962-10-30 | Nat Distillers Chem Corp | Ethylenic modification of branched chain polyamides |
US3061581A (en) * | 1959-07-09 | 1962-10-30 | Nat Distillers Chem Corp | Vinyl modification of branched chain polyamides |
US3243287A (en) * | 1962-09-14 | 1966-03-29 | Crucible Steel Co America | Hot strength iron base alloys |
US4034000A (en) * | 1963-09-23 | 1977-07-05 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Difunctional polymeric dienes |
US3686299A (en) * | 1968-01-31 | 1972-08-22 | Montedison Spa | Process for the preparation of acyclic dicarboxylic acids from dienic hydrocarbons |
US3716594A (en) * | 1969-04-01 | 1973-02-13 | Nippon Soda Co | Process for the production of living oligomer |
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DE1150679B (en) | 1963-06-27 |
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