US2811149A

US2811149A - Internal combustion engines

Info

Publication number: US2811149A
Application number: US548485A
Authority: US
Inventors: Tirloni Emilio
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1955-02-11
Filing date: 1955-11-22
Publication date: 1957-10-29
Anticipated expiration: 1974-10-29

Description

Oct. 29, 1957 E. TIRLONI 2,811,149

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Nov. 22, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet l IN VEN TOR.

y MM Oct. 29, 1957 TlRLoNl 2,811,149

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Nov. 22, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

United rates Patent 9 This invention .relatesstorimprovementsx inxinternalcombustion engines and is a continuation-in-part application of my abandoned: patent. application. Serial. No-- 305,480, filed on August" 20; 19.52.

An object of this invention is to provide an internal combustion enginewith' a high'thermodynamic. efiiciency,

i. e: with a substantiallyreduced consumption ofi'fuei per Hi P. of power'outputt Particularly, the aim of this invention is to reduce the exhaust losses substantially-- which losses, as already well known, amount in most cases to about 40% of the power developed by the fuel by providing means designed to greatly improve the combustion of the fuel mixture, through a more complete oxydation of hydrocarbons, as well as through a nearly complete oxydation of CO.

A further object of this invention is to provide an internal combustion engine wherein the exhaust noise level is cut down to a minimum, by means of a relatively low back pressure.

The aforementioned objects are attained according to this invention without a substantial constructive complication or modification of the engines of conventional design through a modification of the thermal flow of the known engines.

Further objects and advantages of this invention will result clearly from a consideration of the following specification of a first and a second embodiment thereof, shown in the accompanying drawing, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the cylinder of a four stroke engine, with inlet and outlet valves arranged on the cylinder head.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail of Fig. 1 showing an exhaust ball valve as embodied according to the invention in the engine cylinder.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view along the line 33 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a partial view of Fig. 1, viewed in the direction of the arrows 4--4.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a two stroke engine embodying this invention.

Fig. 6 is a partial elevation view viewed in the direction of the arrows 66 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a sectional plan view taken along the line 7-7 of Fig. 5.

With reference to the first embodiment, as shown by Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, the improved four stroke engine following substantially a conventional design comprises a cylinder 1 with its head 4 provided with an exhaust valve 2, an inlet valve 3, a threaded hole 5 whereinto a spark plug or an injector (not shown on the drawing) can be mounted. The piston 6 is usually fitted in cylinder 1, and is connected to a crankshaft through a conventional connecting rod unitnot shown, as being outside of the scope of this invention.

According to this invention, a series of automatic ball valves are arranged on the cylinder wall, spaced a distance about of the piston stroke from the lower dead center position of the piston 6 and located on the side ice of. exhaust valveZzv Said valves. consist in. a-: housing; 8; wherein a ball-7 is'freely fitted; The valvesxare-in come munication' with the inside of cylinder. 1 throughthe duct 9, and with the outside thereof through theduct -10-which in turn is connected to a not represented muflier.

The duct 9 communicatingv withthe insideof :cylinder 1 is provided with a semispherical valverseat 11, while the duct 10, communicatingwith. the out'side;.showstoo a semispherical seat 12 provided with longitudinal-grooves 17, through; which a communication with theoutside and with the housing;& is establishedeven whenrthe. ball 7 is seated against. theseat 12. By means; of. the-above mentioned arrangement, the ball 7 willbefirmlyseated againstits seat. 11; when at vacuum is producedin: the. cylindeni. e; during the: induction of-fuel mixture,.there-' by interrupting communication between-theiinsideofthe cylinder and'the. outside, and. thuspreventing' anyalteration of the' mixture ratio or a: cooling; of' the mixture, which might be-caused'by anaddition of inflowing air. On the'other hand, when an over-pressure occurs in the cylinder during theend of: expansion stroke,.the communication of thecylinder with. the: outsidexis maintained through the'aforementionedilongitudinal groovesz17- By means of a cam timing gear of the already known: type, the exhaust valve 2 is opened a short moment ahead of the time in which the exhaust ports 9 are left open by the piston in its expansion stroke. A modification of the thermal flux is thereby caused through the exhaust ball valves 7, and the combustion of the mixture is improved, whereby the whole fuel mixture is completely burnt as can be ascertained through a suitable analysis which will show the total absence of CO and dissociated hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases. Moreover, the supplemental lowering of the pressure caused during the exhaust stroke by the automatic ball valves, cuts the noise down at a satisfactory level, whereby, at the same time, the efficiency of the engine is increased. In addition, as it can be readily appreciated, even the cylinder cooling is improved by the arrangement according to the invention, whereby an overloading of the engineor, with other wordsan increase in the power output in respect to conventional enginesis made possible.

Referring particularly now to Figs. 5 to 7 inclusive, wherein the same components are designated with the same references, the cylinder 1 shows one exhaust port 13 and two inlet ports 14, located substantially adjacent to, and on either side of said exhaust port 13, spaced /3 of the piston stroke from its lower dead center position. According to this invention, a series of automatic ball valves, of the same construction as before described and illustrated, are fitted opposite to the exhaust port 13.

5 is the inlet port for admitting the mixture in the crankcase 16, from where it is caused to flow, in the already known manner, by the piston 6, through the inlet ports 2, into the cylinder 1.

While two preferred embodiments of this invention have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the description has been given for illustration purposes only, and some modifications are possible without departing from this invention. For instance the invention could be applied either to one, or to multicylinder engines, of the Otto or diesel cycle, and with any arrange ment of the inlet or exhaust valves.

What I claim is:

1. In an internal combustion engine, in combination, a cylinder formed with inlet and exhaust ports through which a fresh charge is admitted into and a burntcharge is discharged from said cylinder, respectively, said cylinder being formed approximately one third of the way from the bottom to the top dead center positions of a piston slidable in said cylinder with at least one opening passing through the wall of said cylinder; and ball valve means carried by said cylinder at the exterior thereof and communicating with said openings thereof for closing said opening when the latter is uncovered by the piston and the pressure outside of said cylinder is greater than the pressure therein and for providing alimited flow of fluid from the interior of said cylinder through said opening thereof when the pressure within said; cylinder is greater than the pressure outside of said cylinder and said opening is uncovered by the piston, said ball valve means including a housing having a hollow inner space communicating with said opening and a ball member in said housing of a smaller size than said hollow inner space, said housing having in its interior a first valve seat surrounding said opening and receiving said ball member to close said'opening when the latter is uncovered by the piston and the pressure outside of the 2. In an engine as recited in claim 1, said opening of said cylinder being located at a side thereof opposite from a side ofsaid cylinder where said exhaust port thereof is located.

3. In an engine as recited in claim 1, said opening of said cylinder being located at a side thereof which is the same as a side of said cylinder where said exhaust port thereof is located.

4. In an engine as recited in claim 1, said opening of said cylinder being located at approximately the same elevation as and opposite from said exhaust port.

5. In an engine as recited in claim 1, said cylinder 1 being formed with a plurality of openings in addition to cylinder is greater than the pressure therein and said a housing having a second valve seat opposite from said first valve seat and receiving said ball member when said opening is uncovered and the pressure within said cylinder is greater than the pressure at the exterior thereof, said housing being formed with at least one passage passing around said ball member from the interior of said housing to the exterior thereof when said ball member is on said second valve seat so that said passage provides said limited flow of fluid from the interior of said cylinder.

said one opening arranged in a row therewith and distributed circumferentially part of the way about the axis of said cylinder, and a plurality of additional identical ball valve means respectively cooperating with said additional openings in the same way as the ball valve means which cooperates with said one opening.

References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Clark June 11, 1946