US2810639A - Alloy for addition to molten cast iron - Google Patents
Alloy for addition to molten cast iron Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2810639A US2810639A US603222A US60322256A US2810639A US 2810639 A US2810639 A US 2810639A US 603222 A US603222 A US 603222A US 60322256 A US60322256 A US 60322256A US 2810639 A US2810639 A US 2810639A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- addition
- cast iron
- iron
- molten cast
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009828 non-uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/08—Manufacture of cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C35/00—Master alloys for iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
- C21C1/105—Nodularising additive agents
Definitions
- This invention relates to an alloy for addition to molten cast iron in order to improve the microstructure and physical properties of the castings and to eliminate or minimize the occurrence of pinholes in the castings.
- ferrosilicon has been added to molten cast iron in order to control the amount and form of graphite in iron castings.
- beneficial effects achieved by addition of ferrosilicon were, to some extent, vitiated by the occurrence of pinholes, particularly on the cope side of the casting.
- pinholes accompanied the introduction of substantial amounts of aluminum, a normal impurity in ferrosilicon even though present in small percentage.
- the presence of a certain amount of aluminum was desired for deoxidation of the metal.
- the alloy of my invention consists essentially of 60 to 80% silicon, preferably 65 to 75% silicon, 15 to 25% manganese, preferably 17 to 20% manganese, 0.5 to 1.5% calcium, 0.2 to 1.5% aluminum, 1.5 to 2.5% barium and up to 5% iron.
- a preferred example of an alloy according to my in vention has the following composition:
- the barium content of my alloy has been determined to be critical by extensive experimentation and has been found to modify the effect of aluminum so as to permit the aluminum, in combination with the calcium, to act as deoxidizer but prevent the formation of pinholes in the casting. This feature may be attributable to the suppression of gas development or to the suppression of oxides which give rise to these deleterious effects or it may be attributable to other causes. Additionally, it is believed that the presence of barium in the amount specified exercises a beneficial influence in producing the graphite in the form of short, thick particles uniformly distributed throughout the section of the casting.
- the addition alloy of my invention has a carefully balanced composition of active ingredients which produce the advantages obtainable by use of ferrosilicon but without developing the defects resulting from the use of ferrosilicon. Furthermore, the microstructure of the iron castings is consistently fine pearlite, even though the carbon contents of the castings and the thicknesses in different sections of the'castings vary over wide ranges.
- the alloy is added to molten cast iron in amounts between 2 and 35 pounds of alloy per ton of cast iron so as to add about 0.075 to 1.25% silicon and about 0.025 to 0.40% manganese.
- the barium addition thus effected amounts to about 0.003 to 0.04%.
- An alloy for addition to molten cast iron consisting essentially of 60 to 80% silicon, 15 to 25% manganese, 0.5 to 1.5% calcium, 0.2 to 1.5% aluminum, 1.5 to 2.5 barium and up to 5% iron.
- An alloy for addition to molten cast iron said alloy consisting essentially of to silicon, 17 to 20% manganese, 0.5 to 1.5% calcium, 0.2 to 1.5% aluminum, 1.5 to 2.5% barium and up to 5% iron.
- An alloy for addition to molten cast iron said alloy consisting essentially of about 72% silicon, 20% manganese, 1% calcium, 1% aluminum, 2% barium and 4% iron.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Description
United States Patent O ALLOY FOR ADDITION TO MOLTEN CAST IRON Harry H. Kessler, Ladue, M0.
N Drawing. Application August 10, 1956, Serial No. 603,222
3 Claims. (Cl. 75122) This invention relates to an alloy for addition to molten cast iron in order to improve the microstructure and physical properties of the castings and to eliminate or minimize the occurrence of pinholes in the castings.
Heretofore, ferrosilicon has been added to molten cast iron in order to control the amount and form of graphite in iron castings. Occasionally, however, it has been found that the beneficial effects achieved by addition of ferrosilicon were, to some extent, vitiated by the occurrence of pinholes, particularly on the cope side of the casting. These pinholes accompanied the introduction of substantial amounts of aluminum, a normal impurity in ferrosilicon even though present in small percentage. At the same time, the presence of a certain amount of aluminum was desired for deoxidation of the metal. Furthermore, it was found difficult to control the microstructure of the iron by the addition of silicon or ferrosilicon alone. Frequently, considerable variations in the strength of the iron have been observed as a result of a non-uniform distribution of graphite, often occurring in coarse flakes, especially where slow cooling permitted aggregation. Also, pearlite tended to crystallize under such cond1t1ons in large grains and sometimes there were zones of weakness which led to failure under low stress. When such conditions prevailed, the microstructure of the iron became purely a function of the cooling rate and was dependent on cross sectional variations in the casting. The graphite contained in the iron was then subject to wide variations ranging from coarse, large flakes to fine graphite. Similarly, the microstructure of the matrix then ranged from sorbitic or harder structures through fine pearlitic to coarse pearlitic and free ferrite.
I have invented a silicon-containing alloy which causes the iron to solidify with a microstructure of short, thick particles of graphite uniformly distributed in a largely pearlitic matrix and does so quite uniformly over a considerable range of casting sections. Furthermore, the castings are free from pinholes.
The alloy of my invention consists essentially of 60 to 80% silicon, preferably 65 to 75% silicon, 15 to 25% manganese, preferably 17 to 20% manganese, 0.5 to 1.5% calcium, 0.2 to 1.5% aluminum, 1.5 to 2.5% barium and up to 5% iron.
A preferred example of an alloy according to my in vention has the following composition:
ice
Percent Si 72 Mn 20 Ca 1 Al 1 Ba 2 Fe 4 The barium content of my alloy has been determined to be critical by extensive experimentation and has been found to modify the effect of aluminum so as to permit the aluminum, in combination with the calcium, to act as deoxidizer but prevent the formation of pinholes in the casting. This feature may be attributable to the suppression of gas development or to the suppression of oxides which give rise to these deleterious effects or it may be attributable to other causes. Additionally, it is believed that the presence of barium in the amount specified exercises a beneficial influence in producing the graphite in the form of short, thick particles uniformly distributed throughout the section of the casting.
The addition alloy of my invention has a carefully balanced composition of active ingredients which produce the advantages obtainable by use of ferrosilicon but without developing the defects resulting from the use of ferrosilicon. Furthermore, the microstructure of the iron castings is consistently fine pearlite, even though the carbon contents of the castings and the thicknesses in different sections of the'castings vary over wide ranges.
The alloy is added to molten cast iron in amounts between 2 and 35 pounds of alloy per ton of cast iron so as to add about 0.075 to 1.25% silicon and about 0.025 to 0.40% manganese. The barium addition thus effected amounts to about 0.003 to 0.04%. In spite of the small barium addition, I have determined that it critically improves the consistency with which I am able to produce a desirable microstructure in the iron over a wide range of cross sections and carbon levels.
The invention is not limited to the preferred embodiment but may be otherwise embodied or practiced within the scope of the following claims.
I claim:
1. An alloy for addition to molten cast iron, said alloy consisting essentially of 60 to 80% silicon, 15 to 25% manganese, 0.5 to 1.5% calcium, 0.2 to 1.5% aluminum, 1.5 to 2.5 barium and up to 5% iron.
2. An alloy for addition to molten cast iron, said alloy consisting essentially of to silicon, 17 to 20% manganese, 0.5 to 1.5% calcium, 0.2 to 1.5% aluminum, 1.5 to 2.5% barium and up to 5% iron.
3. An alloy for addition to molten cast iron, said alloy consisting essentially of about 72% silicon, 20% manganese, 1% calcium, 1% aluminum, 2% barium and 4% iron.
Meehan Sept. 4, 1928 Kinzel Dec. 16, 1941
Claims (1)
1. AN ALLOY FOR ADDITION TO MOLTEN CAST IRON, SAID ALLOY CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF 60 TO 80% SILICON, 15 TO 25% MANGANESE, 0.5 TO 1,5% CALCIUM, 0.2 TO 1.5% ALUMINUM, 1.5 TO 2.5% BARIUM AND UP TO 5% IRON.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US603222A US2810639A (en) | 1956-08-10 | 1956-08-10 | Alloy for addition to molten cast iron |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US603222A US2810639A (en) | 1956-08-10 | 1956-08-10 | Alloy for addition to molten cast iron |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2810639A true US2810639A (en) | 1957-10-22 |
Family
ID=24414535
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US603222A Expired - Lifetime US2810639A (en) | 1956-08-10 | 1956-08-10 | Alloy for addition to molten cast iron |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2810639A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3272623A (en) * | 1963-10-28 | 1966-09-13 | Union Carbide Corp | Inoculating alloys consisting of si-al-ca-ba-mn-zr-fe |
| US3275433A (en) * | 1963-12-02 | 1966-09-27 | Union Carbide Corp | Steel treating agent consisting of ba-ca-al-fe-mn-si |
| US4363657A (en) * | 1979-07-17 | 1982-12-14 | Societe Francaise D'electrometallurgie Sofrem | Process for obtaining manganese- and silicon-based alloys by silico-thermal means in a ladle |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1683086A (en) * | 1927-06-16 | 1928-09-04 | Augustus F Meehan | Cast iron and the method of making same |
| US2266122A (en) * | 1939-04-15 | 1941-12-16 | Electro Metallurg Co | Silicon alloy |
-
1956
- 1956-08-10 US US603222A patent/US2810639A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1683086A (en) * | 1927-06-16 | 1928-09-04 | Augustus F Meehan | Cast iron and the method of making same |
| US2266122A (en) * | 1939-04-15 | 1941-12-16 | Electro Metallurg Co | Silicon alloy |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3272623A (en) * | 1963-10-28 | 1966-09-13 | Union Carbide Corp | Inoculating alloys consisting of si-al-ca-ba-mn-zr-fe |
| US3275433A (en) * | 1963-12-02 | 1966-09-27 | Union Carbide Corp | Steel treating agent consisting of ba-ca-al-fe-mn-si |
| US4363657A (en) * | 1979-07-17 | 1982-12-14 | Societe Francaise D'electrometallurgie Sofrem | Process for obtaining manganese- and silicon-based alloys by silico-thermal means in a ladle |
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