US281048A

US281048A - Herman frasch

Info

Publication number: US281048A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1883-07-10
Anticipated expiration: 1900-07-10

Description

(No Model.) 1 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

HPRASCH'.

ELECTRIC CARBON. N0. 281,048. Patented July 10, 1883.

N PETERS. PnntuLifbogmnher. Washmgtnn D c.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. v

PRASGH. v

' ELECTRIC GARBON. r No 281,048. Patented July 10, 1883 WITNESSES IIV VENTOR Attorney UNITED STATES PATENT HERMAN FRASGH, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO J. B. MERIAM, OF

- SAME PLACE.

ELECTRlC CARBON.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No.

281,048, dated July 10, 1883.

Application filed January 19., 1883. (No model.)

' To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HERMAN Frmscn, of Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Carbons; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use it, reference be- IO ing had to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification.

My invention relates to the manufacture of carbon especially adapted for use in making electric-light carbon rods or sticks; and it consists in a process for the manufacture of carbon frbm the products of petroleum, and also in process for preparing a carbonmixture for molding into any desired shape, as will l1ereinafter he described, and pointed out in the claims.

Heretofore carbon has been obtained in the distillation of petroleum from carbon residuum when the latter has been reduced to dryness; but such carbon is a decomposition product,

and is limited to the quantity obtained in the distillation of petroleum. My objeetis to obtain from hydrocarbon oils practically all of the carbon contained therein, and thus need not be restricted to the small percentage elimi- 0 nated in the destructive distillation of petroleum.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is afront elevation. Fig. 2 is a plan View. Fig. 3 is a transverse section, and Fig. 4 is a longitudinal vertical section. f

A. represents the ash-pit, and B the fire-box door. The ash-pit communicates with two fines, O O, which extend to the rear end of the furnace, and then back and forth, forming return-fines, and having their exit in the escapeilues D D at the front of the furnace, where they merge into the stack or chimney E. The hearth of the furnace is constructed of the til.- ingsc, which are placed directly over the fines G 0'. Upon the tilings a is placed a layer of asbestus, b, and upon the latter are placed the tilings c, which are laid to break j oints with the lower tilings, a. The arch F is covered with sand d and the walls strengthened by the rods At the front of the furnace is located the charging-opening G, provided with a door, G. This door is located at a sufficient distance above the hearth or floor of the furnace to allow of the proper charging of the furnace. At the sides and end of the furnace are the doors H, which are placed on a level with the hearth or floor for the removal of the carbon. An escape-pipe, I, communicates with the upper portion of the furnace-chamber, and is pro vided with astop-cock or valve, Apipe, J, connects with the pipe I, and leads beneath the grate of the fire-box. Pipe J is provided with astop-cock or valve, 3'. The lower end of the chimney or stack is provided with a damper, K. Having described the construction and relative arrangements of my improved furnace, I will now describe its operation.

I take distilled hydrocarbon of high density obtained by the distillation of petroleum or other hydrocarbon oils, and mix-the same with sulphuric or nitric acid. After the furnace has been heated, all of the doors being closed, the charging-door is opened and the compound is charged into the furnace to the proper depth. When the temperature reaches about 300 Fahrenheit, the mass being quite liquid, reaction begins to take place, the hydrogen of the hydrocarbon combining with the oxygen of the acid, if sulphuric be used, or steam and nitrogenous coinpounds when nitric acid is used. This reaction tends to stiffenthe whole mass, so that it becomes quite hard even before the temperature of 500 Fahrenheit is reached. By continuing the operation and gradually increasing the temperature to, say, 1000 Fahrenheit or more, all of the decompositionproducts, being volatile, are driven off, leaving a carbon coke upon the hearth of the furnace almost chemically pure, quite dense and dry, and easily removed, which is effected by opening the side doors and inserting a slice-bar beneath the mass, breaking it up into pieces and removing them through the side doors. In charging the furnace the damper K is opened to conduct the escaping flame into the chimney, and thus not interfere with the workmen. The gases generated in the furnace may be allowed to escape or be conducted to the ash-pit and burned. The quantity of coke obtained by the process described is a large percentage of the dense products of distillation of petroleum-tar carbon originally employed. The sludge oils and acid compounds which are drawn off in the ordinary treatment of petroleum distillates may be subjected to the same treatment, in which case the same reaction takes place and the same carbon product is obtained, thereby very profitably utilizing what have heretofore been regarded as the waste products of an oilrefinery. The furnace is so constructed that the heat will be evenly distributed beneath the hearth, and the latter is made eomparatively thin, so that the heat may be readily transmitted to the charge. By means of the two layers of tilings arranged to break joints and the intervening layer or packing of asbestus'a perfectlytight hearth or floor is insured.

In the preparation of this carbon for electrio-light carbon rods or sticks, I first grind it to a suitable degree of fineness and then mix thepowder with a paste consisting of the very or residuum known as wax-tailings or stillwax, which come over just after the so-called, paraffine-oils and during the coking down of the still. This compound can then be molded and baked in the usual manner. The advantage in the use of the paste over that of ordinary pitch consists in its freedom from impurities, for, having passed through a vapor state, it is a pure hydrocarbon, free from matters leaving ash, the impurities of the crude petroleum being retained in the still; where as the pitch ordinarilynsed' is the residuum from coal-tar and a' small percentagef; of the same, and contains all the impurities of the coal-tar concentrated; These wax tailings may be still further improved by driving off the lighter portions by partial distillation.

I make no claim to the construction of furnace herein shown and described, as it constitutes the subject-matter of a separate application; but

What I claim is 1. The process of manufacturing carbon from hydrocarbon compounds, consisting in oxidizing the hydrogen of the hydrocarbon by heat ing a mixture of the hydrocarbon and an acid to such a degree that decomposition takes place, and continuing the same until all the decomposition products are driven off, leaving a solid carbon as a residuum, substantially as set forth.

2. An incandescent composition consisting of a mixture of pulverized carbon and the heavy distillate obtained in the'distillation of petroleum known as Wax-failings or stillwax, or with a product of the same, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HERMAN FRASOH. XVitnesses JNo. CRowELL, Jr., ALBERT E. LYNoH.