US2808778A - Planographic printing plate - Google Patents

Planographic printing plate Download PDF

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Publication number
US2808778A
US2808778A US380446A US38044653A US2808778A US 2808778 A US2808778 A US 2808778A US 380446 A US380446 A US 380446A US 38044653 A US38044653 A US 38044653A US 2808778 A US2808778 A US 2808778A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
coating
printing
filler
planographic
carboxymethyl cellulose
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US380446A
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English (en)
Inventor
Douglas A Newman
Allan T Schlotzhauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Columbia Ribbon and Carbon Manufacturing Co Inc
Original Assignee
Columbia Ribbon and Carbon Manufacturing Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE531214D priority Critical patent/BE531214A/xx
Priority to NL93864D priority patent/NL93864C/xx
Application filed by Columbia Ribbon and Carbon Manufacturing Co Inc filed Critical Columbia Ribbon and Carbon Manufacturing Co Inc
Priority to US380446A priority patent/US2808778A/en
Priority to GB3161553A priority patent/GB769522A/en
Priority to DEC9717A priority patent/DE1047800B/de
Priority to CH341180D priority patent/CH341180A/de
Priority to FR1115421D priority patent/FR1115421A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2808778A publication Critical patent/US2808778A/en
Priority to DE19641460614 priority patent/DE1460614A1/de
Priority to GB52613/64A priority patent/GB1047800A/en
Priority to NL6500079A priority patent/NL6500079A/xx
Priority to US437004A priority patent/US3343187A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B5/00—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B17/00—Storing of textile materials in association with the treatment of the materials by liquids, gases or vapours
    • D06B17/02—Storing of textile materials in association with the treatment of the materials by liquids, gases or vapours in superimposed, i.e. stack-packed, form; J-boxes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C7/00—Heating or cooling textile fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B2700/00—Treating of textile materials, e.g. bleaching, dyeing, mercerising, impregnating, washing; Fulling of fabrics
    • D06B2700/18—Passing liquid through fibrous materials in closed containers with a form not determined by the nature of the fibrous material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C2700/00—Finishing or decoration of textile materials, except for bleaching, dyeing, printing, mercerising, washing or fulling
    • D06C2700/13—Steaming or decatising of fabrics or yarns

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the manufacture of planographic printing plates, suitable for use in planographic printing processes in which the surfaceof a plate on which an image is formed of ink-receptive material (e. g., a waxy or greasy ink) is wetted with an aqueous inkrepelling fountain fluid, then inked over to deposit ink only on the image, the latter being then transferred to V which the printing surface is in the form of a film applied to the paper foundation and in which the surface film has greater flexibility and homogeneity and less curling tendency than that of prior sheets, and in which the sheet lends itself to the improved retention of certain types of planographic images presently regarded as somewhat difiicult of attachment to coated paper printing surfaces, as well as to improved surface retention of the inkrepellent moisture.
  • ink-receptive material e. g., a waxy or greasy ink
  • the invention in certain of its aspects, relates to the manufacture of plates in which the printing surface layer comprises essentially carboxymethyl cellulose compounds and a filler of china clay or the like similar to the plates disclosed in the prior application of Douglas A. Newman, Serial No. 637,088, filed December 22, 1945, now Patent No. 2,655,864.
  • the method of making a plate, and the plate itself in which the printing surface or coating is of an initially soluble carboxymethyl cellulose compound which is dried and rendered insoluble by an aftertreatment with an aqueous solution including a copper salt, an iron salt, an aluminum salt, or a chromium compound, or mixtures of a copper salt with certainof the others.
  • the method of insolubilization of the printing surface coating employed in constructing plates according to the teachings of said application rendered it important to include in the surface coating a ratio of clay or other suitable filler to the carboxymethyl cellulose binder of about 4:1, or preferably greater. These ratios were found preferable in order that the coating might have a suflicient degree of openness to take up the insolubilizing solution and distribute it as nearly as possible to all parts of the carboxymethyl cellulose in the surface layer.
  • the present invention has for its object the preparation of a planographic plate from a coating solution of carboxymethyl cellulose which is self-insolubilizing on dry ing and which, at the same time, includes reagents of such character that the resulting layer will still bemade up of the copper derivative of carboxymethyl cellulose mixed with the iron, aluminum or chromium derivatives or mixtures'thcre'of in the desired proportions.
  • planographic plates Inasmuch as the cost of making planographic plates depends largely upon the number of treating steps to which they must be subjected, it is another object of the present invention to provide a paper planographic printing plate in which the surface coating is of -metal substituted compounds of carboxymethyl cellulose of the appropriate mixture for producing printed copies of the highest quality, but a coating which is still of such a nature that it can be applied in a single coating operation rendering a film which automatically becomes water insoluble upon drying so that a single coating treatment is involved in applying the insoluble surface layer.
  • carboxymethyl cellulose coatings of self-insolubilizing nature made to conform to the viscosities, surface tensions and filler per- .centages found in the disclosure of said Newman applica- .tion, Serial No. 318,340, for the purpose of providing a treatment for pre-imaged sheets to convert them into copy-producing masters, can be made to include the preferred aluminum ferric and chromium insolubilization factors in proper proportion, in addition to the copper ions therein disclosed. r 7
  • planographic surface coatings as heretofore constructed are subject in some degree to difficulties such as cracking, during fiexure, shattering under a type blow, flaking, picking and the like.
  • Another dilficulty which is sometimes experienced is that of excessive absorptivity of the printing layer and underlying layers so that moistening fluids tend to drain rapidly away from the surface in the background areas and leave the same dry after any slight interruption in printing. All of these difiiculties, it has been discovered, stern primarily from the percentage of filler which the coating must carry, and the thickness of the coating.
  • the filler ratio is not the only governing factor, and that filler percentages can be reduced provided that the thickness of the layer is also simultaneously reduced, and that under these circumstances acceptance for diflicultly received images (e. g., those formed using carbon paper) can be held up to standard and may, in fact, even be improved.
  • the importance of the degree of bond diminishes at least as rapidly as the thickness of the coating is reduced, so that even with the smooth, relatively impermeable surfaces necessary to the casting of a thin surface film of uniform thickness, the bonding tendencies are not only sufiicient to maintain equivalent excellence ofoperation, but the performance of the sheet can in fact be improved by thinning the surface coating in spite of what would ordinarily be considered degrading changes in the character of the undercoat necessary to'this end.
  • the image instead of being impressed on and attaching itself to the surface coating of the plate, may be so placed that it appears to penetrate and probably does penetrate the coating and becomes firmly attached to an underlying oleophilic layer its degree of attachment to the plate thus being controlled primarily by the-characteristics of the underlying'layer without placingparticular reliance on the characteristics of the surface layer.
  • Figure l is an enlarged schematic section of a planographic plate bearing an image, and made according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a chart illustrating the effect of coating thickness on minimum permissible filler ratios.
  • a foun dation such as a sheet or web 11 of paper.
  • the paper 11 may be treated in a known fashion with suitable impregnating compositions to give it good wet strength and wet extensibility if a plate which is to provide long printing runs is being made. On the other hand, if a plate for very short runs is required, it may sometimes be feasible to omit these treatments and use the paper without such impregnation as a foundation.
  • a waterproofing undercoat 13 may be and is preferably applied to one side of the sheet, depending somewhat upon the degree of waterproofness required bythe length of printing run expected.
  • the waterproofing undercoat if used, will be about 10 pounds per ream and may include such ingredients as hardened casein, a latex, or any film capable of forming a relatively waterproof barrier, attaching itself to the sheet and to the printing surface coating,-and having substantial oleophilic properties. It willbe understood, of course, that the cellulosic foundation sheetitself, impregnated or unimpregnated, and even when uncoated, is also normally preferentially oleophilic.
  • a planographic printing coating 15 having a binder portion which consists of a water-soluble colloid which forms a water-insoluble film, or a film which is capable of being rendered water-insoluble after casting.
  • the properties of the coating 15 must either be such that" it has a hydrophilic-oleophilic balance suited to the reception of image material and ink when dry, the retention of such image material when subsequently wetted, and the reception and retention of moisture in the non-image areas; or such that it is slightly more hydrophilic than oleophilic.
  • various materials are usable as binders for this purpose, for example, casein admixed with small proportions of an aldehyde, carboxymethyl cellulose compounds, gum arabic in association with a chromate ion, and polyvinyl alcohol with a small proportion of a chromate.
  • these are not to be considered as limiting, for almost without exception any composition based on a hydrophilic colloid found suitable for coating paper planographic plates, and which has properties permitting its placement in very thin but continuous coatings, can be employed in the presentinvention.
  • Thediscovery which is thecore of the present invention is primarily the placing of the planographic surface coating in a continuous but extremely thin layer, a layer so thin in fact as to have been considered impractical heretofore.
  • the thickness of this layer may be in the range of /2 pound to 6 pounds per ream with the most successful operation found in the range of /2 pound to 4 pounds per ream.
  • a minimum of 8 pounds per ream has been considered by the art as the practical lower limit for printing surface coatings of this nature because ordinary paper making procedures and equipment would not cast a coating sufficiently thin, which was also continuous and free from background specks in printing.
  • inert absorbent fillers can be added to coating compositions for improving some of their printing properties.
  • One of the most commonly used materials for this purpose is china clay.
  • Such fillers are usually present in coatings in the proportion of between four and sevenparts of filler to one part of binder (dry basis) in order to provide a surface which will readily accept and retain images placed by a type blow from a typewriter using a carbon paper imaging element.
  • the reduction of the filler ratio from the usual values cooperates in an important manner with the reduced coating thickness by allowing the film of binder mate-- rial to be more continuous and tougher so that, even though essentially thinner than coatings ordinarily em ployed, it will still resist the abrasion incident upon erasures and thus permit corrections.
  • the re-- **d coating thickness assists the operation of the coat-- ing in accepting and holding the image as explained above 'so that the filler ratio can be significantly reduced when desired without also reducing the holding power of the printing surface for carbon paper images to less than acceptable values.
  • the moisten ing received by the plate in normal treatment by any average setting of the printing machine is sufficient to start the proper printing action of the plate almost at once, and also to provide immediate resumption of proper printing after any delay. This is of special importance in the case of systems plates where a few copies only are required, where set-up and starting time is a significant proportion of press operation time, andwhere long periods of time for adjusting the moisture for proper operation and wastage of copies during starting are accordingly unwarranted.
  • ammonium citrate will also stay insolution and produce suitable iron and chromium reactions with: thecarboxymethyl cellulose present. Thesesalts, by being dispersed evenly throughout the coating cause the sameto coagulate fairly uniformly when dried without necessitating a high permeability, or. the high filler content which is a concomitant of such-highpermeability. In cases where it is also desirable to have the-aluminum carboxymethyl cellulose compound make up a-portion of the layer, this may be achieved by using aluminum carboxymethyl cellulose as the starting material for the binding ingredient of the composition. Thus, it ispo'ssible'to include.
  • Example I Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose grams 2 Watercc 95 5% ammoniacal coppersulphate cc 4O ('Corre'sponds 1502.05 gms. of dry solids dissolved Chromium tr-ioxide, C. P' do 05 Ferric ammonium citrate, U. S. P. brown do 1.0-
  • Example II Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose grams 2' Water a cc 9O 5% ammoniacal coppersulphate cc 4O Glycerine grams 2 1 Ammonium dichromate, Cl. P do 0.75 Ferric ammonium citrate, ULS. P. brown d'o 1.0
  • Example I Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose gra rns 2 Water cc Clayu grams 8 5% ammoniacalcopper sulphate a cc 4O Glycerine ogramsn l Ammonium dichromate, C. P do 0.75 Ferric-ammonium citrate, U. S. P. browndo 1.0
  • the carboxyrnethyl cellulose compound is arranged to bear a proportion to thcliquid constituents which will give a solution sufii ciently free-flowing to be readily coatable, i. e. of readily coatable viscosity. For most purposes and considering the usual coating equipment, this will be given by a solution of a carboxymethyl cellulose compound of the order of about one percent to five percent by weight.
  • a planographic printing plate for the reception of direct images including those formed by carbon paper comprising a flexible foundation sheet; a preferentially oleophilic undercoat forming an image receptive surface on a side of said sheet; and a planographic surface coating forming a layer overlying and adherent to said undercoat comprising a hydrophilic colloid binder and a filler, said surface coating being substantially continuous but not in excess of 6 pounds per ream in weight, and the ratio of the weight of said filler to the weight of said binder in said surface coating being not less than and not substantially in excess of the values given by Fig. 2.
  • a planographic printing plate for the reception of direct images including those formed by carbon paper comprising a flexible foundation sheet having an image receptive surface; and a planographic surface coating forming a layer overlying and adherent to said flexible foundation on one side thereof comprising a water insoluble carboxymethyl cellulose compound as a binder, and a filler, said coating being substantially continuous but not in excess of 6 pounds per ream in weight, and the ratio of the weight of said filler to the weight of said binder being not less than and not substantially in excess of the values given by Fig. 2.
  • a planographic printing plate for the reception direct images including those formed by carbon paper comprising a flexible foundation sheet; a preferentially oleophilic undercoat forming an image receptive surface on a side of said sheet; and a planographic surface coating forming a layer overlying and adherent to said undercoat comprising a water insoluble carboxymethyl cellulose compound as a binder, and a filler, said surface coating being substantially continuous but not in excess of 6 pounds per ream in weight, and the ratio of the weight of said filler to the weight of said binder in said surface coating being not less than and not substantially in excess of the values given by Fig. 2.
  • the method of making a planographic printing plate which comprises applying a planographic surface coating to the surface of a flexible foundation using a composition consisting essentially of a primarily aqueous dispersion of a carboxymethyl cellulose compound of coatable viscosity, and ammoniacal copper sulphate, a chromium compound and ferric ammonium citrate, the ammoniacal copper sulphate being about 1 to 2 times the weight (dry basis) of the ferric ammonium citrate, and the chromium compound being between about /2 and of the weight of the ferric ammonium citrate, the total weight (dry basis) of said ammoniacal copper sulphate, chromium compound and ferric ammonium citrate being on the order of 1 to 2 times the weight of the dry carboxymethyl cellulose compound; and drying the coating to provide a water insoluble printing surface layer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
US380446A 1953-09-16 1953-09-16 Planographic printing plate Expired - Lifetime US2808778A (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE531214D BE531214A (en)) 1953-09-16
NL93864D NL93864C (en)) 1953-09-16
US380446A US2808778A (en) 1953-09-16 1953-09-16 Planographic printing plate
GB3161553A GB769522A (en) 1953-09-16 1953-11-13 Improvements in or relating to planographic printing plates
DEC9717A DE1047800B (de) 1953-09-16 1954-07-27 Flachdruck-Blatt
CH341180D CH341180A (de) 1953-09-16 1954-08-07 Flachdruckblatt
FR1115421D FR1115421A (fr) 1953-09-16 1954-08-17 Clichés d'impression planographique et leur procédé de fabrication
DE19641460614 DE1460614A1 (de) 1953-09-16 1964-03-05 Dampfregelverfahren fuer Dampfbehandlungskammern,Bleichstiefel od.dgl. fuer textile Strang- oder Breitware
GB52613/64A GB1047800A (en) 1953-09-16 1964-12-29 Method for regulating the steam in steam processing chambers, bleaching plant etc. for textile yarn or web
NL6500079A NL6500079A (en)) 1953-09-16 1965-01-06
US437004A US3343187A (en) 1953-09-16 1965-03-01 Method of controlling the steam in treatment chambers for textile materials

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US380446A US2808778A (en) 1953-09-16 1953-09-16 Planographic printing plate
DEK0052300 1964-03-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2808778A true US2808778A (en) 1957-10-08

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US380446A Expired - Lifetime US2808778A (en) 1953-09-16 1953-09-16 Planographic printing plate
US437004A Expired - Lifetime US3343187A (en) 1953-09-16 1965-03-01 Method of controlling the steam in treatment chambers for textile materials

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US437004A Expired - Lifetime US3343187A (en) 1953-09-16 1965-03-01 Method of controlling the steam in treatment chambers for textile materials

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BE (1) BE531214A (en))
CH (1) CH341180A (en))
DE (2) DE1047800B (en))
FR (1) FR1115421A (en))
GB (1) GB1047800A (en))
NL (2) NL6500079A (en))

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2953088A (en) * 1953-08-17 1960-09-20 Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Planographic printing
US3128181A (en) * 1962-02-13 1964-04-07 Warren S D Co Sheet material coated with water-resistant polyvinyl alcohol and method of making the same
US3131630A (en) * 1959-06-08 1964-05-05 Gestetner Ltd Planographic printing plates
US3472164A (en) * 1963-04-17 1969-10-14 Columbia Ribbon Carbon Mfg Planographic printing plates and methods for preparing the same
US3472162A (en) * 1966-07-29 1969-10-14 Columbia Ribbon Carbon Mfg Planographic printing plates and methods for preparing the same

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE591936A (en)) * 1959-06-18
BE591935A (en)) * 1959-06-18
US3686902A (en) * 1969-03-24 1972-08-29 Vepa Ag Apparatus for the heat-treatment of textile material
GB1364062A (en) * 1971-08-04 1974-08-21 Ici Ltd Filamentary tow setting apparatus
KR950009251B1 (ko) * 1987-05-29 1995-08-18 이. 아이. 듀퐁 드 네모아 앤드 캄파니 수축성 섬유의 처리방법

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2534650A (en) * 1947-05-09 1950-12-19 Warren S D Co Planographic printing plate and method of making same
US2534588A (en) * 1946-08-19 1950-12-19 Warren S D Co Paper base planographic printing plate
US2542784A (en) * 1945-09-21 1951-02-20 Addressograph Multigraph Planographic printing plate and method of preparing the same
US2559610A (en) * 1947-12-12 1951-07-10 Warren S D Co Planographic printing plate and treatment thereof
US2570262A (en) * 1947-01-23 1951-10-09 Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Photosensitive planographic plate
US2582347A (en) * 1945-03-08 1952-01-15 Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Planographic printing
US2635537A (en) * 1950-07-19 1953-04-21 Warren S D Co Paper planographic printing plate with stabilized hydrophilic coating

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US473398A (en) * 1892-04-19 Jamin leb
US1266265A (en) * 1914-09-30 1918-05-14 Magee Carpet Co Yarn-steamer.
US2029985A (en) * 1932-05-31 1936-02-04 Buffalo Electro Chem Co Method of bleaching
BE475483A (en)) * 1946-08-19
NL69492C (en)) * 1947-05-09
US2664010A (en) * 1951-05-02 1953-12-29 Chemstrand Corp Fluid treating apparatus for strands
US2767568A (en) * 1951-10-26 1956-10-23 Paramount Textile Mach Co Fabric-treating cabinet
US3067602A (en) * 1960-09-24 1962-12-11 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Apparatus for the treatment of textile materials
US3196642A (en) * 1962-12-31 1965-07-27 Du Pont Apparatus for the controlled heating of fabrics with an air/steam heating medium

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2582347A (en) * 1945-03-08 1952-01-15 Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Planographic printing
US2542784A (en) * 1945-09-21 1951-02-20 Addressograph Multigraph Planographic printing plate and method of preparing the same
US2534588A (en) * 1946-08-19 1950-12-19 Warren S D Co Paper base planographic printing plate
US2570262A (en) * 1947-01-23 1951-10-09 Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Photosensitive planographic plate
US2534650A (en) * 1947-05-09 1950-12-19 Warren S D Co Planographic printing plate and method of making same
US2559610A (en) * 1947-12-12 1951-07-10 Warren S D Co Planographic printing plate and treatment thereof
US2635537A (en) * 1950-07-19 1953-04-21 Warren S D Co Paper planographic printing plate with stabilized hydrophilic coating

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2953088A (en) * 1953-08-17 1960-09-20 Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Planographic printing
US3131630A (en) * 1959-06-08 1964-05-05 Gestetner Ltd Planographic printing plates
US3128181A (en) * 1962-02-13 1964-04-07 Warren S D Co Sheet material coated with water-resistant polyvinyl alcohol and method of making the same
US3472164A (en) * 1963-04-17 1969-10-14 Columbia Ribbon Carbon Mfg Planographic printing plates and methods for preparing the same
US3472162A (en) * 1966-07-29 1969-10-14 Columbia Ribbon Carbon Mfg Planographic printing plates and methods for preparing the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL93864C (en))
GB1047800A (en) 1966-11-09
NL6500079A (en)) 1965-09-06
DE1047800B (de) 1958-12-31
DE1460614A1 (de) 1969-02-20
FR1115421A (fr) 1956-04-24
US3343187A (en) 1967-09-26
CH341180A (de) 1959-09-30
BE531214A (en))

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