US280716A - And annie e - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- US280716A US280716A US280716DA US280716A US 280716 A US280716 A US 280716A US 280716D A US280716D A US 280716DA US 280716 A US280716 A US 280716A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- malleable
- hardening
- potash
- borax
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 18
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 18
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 18
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 229910001296 Malleable iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 240000002799 Prunus avium Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000019693 cherries Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002311 subsequent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/44—Methods of heating in heat-treatment baths
- C21D1/46—Salt baths
Definitions
- malleable cast-iron may be hardened upon the surface by the pro- If) cess known as case-hardening.
- the present improvement relates to hard ening malleable cast-iron, not merely superficially, as by case-hardening, but bodywise, and so that the hardening extends into the body of the malleable iron, and, indeed, en-
- malleable cast-iron I mean cast-iron made malleable by the known and common process of cementation or annealing.
- the invention consists in the process herein described, and in the product which is the inevitable result of that process, which product cannot, as I believe, be reached or attained by any other process than that herein described.
- This process consists in heating the article of malleable iron in contact with a mixture of comminuted iron, prussiate of potash, and borax, and then suddenly cooling the heated article in cold water or other suitable medium.
- the product consists inmalleable cast-iron hardened by heated contact with prussiate of potash, comminuted iron, and borax, and sub sequent sudden cooling, substantially as herein 4 5 described.
- the mixture referred to should be in the form of a powder, and it may be made to adhere to the article on which the process is being practiced by wetting the article and touching the wetted part to the powder.
- the hardness attained is affected by the degree of heat used; red heat gives less hardness than a cherry heat, and it is not advisable to use higher than a cherry heat.
- Alum-water or salt-water for the hardening-bath also increases the hardness.
- the mixture referred to is composed of comminuted wrought-iron, prussiate of potash, and borax.
- the preferable degree of fineness of the comminuted iron is that of filings made with a fourteen-inch file.
- the prussiate of potash may be reduced to powder, the borax inelted, and when cold reduced to powder, and the component parts be intimately mingled by grinding them together.
- This improvement is specially valuable in making various articles of iron. They can be first east to substantially the shape of the desired article, then made malleable, and the malleable portion, or any desired part thereof, be then hardened in the manner described.
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
H, JEROME BURR, OE BLOOMFIELD, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO WM. EDGAR SIMONDS, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, AND ANNIE E. BURR, ADMIN IS- TRATRIX OF SAID BURB, DECEASED, ASSIGNOR OF THE REMAINING ONE-HALF To SAID SIMONDS.
' HARDENING IRON.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 280,716, dated July 3, 1883.
Application filed April 30, 1881. (No specimens.)
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, H. JEROME BURR, of Bloomfield, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement pertaining to Hardening Malleable Cast-Iron, of which the following is a description.
It is well known that malleable cast-iron may be hardened upon the surface by the pro- If) cess known as case-hardening.
The present improvement relates to hard ening malleable cast-iron, not merely superficially, as by case-hardening, but bodywise, and so that the hardening extends into the body of the malleable iron, and, indeed, en-
tirely through the article, provided that the article be not too thick, and that it be malleable throughout before its submission to the process herein described. I am not able to state to what depth this hardening may be made to penetrate a body of malleable castiron; but experiments indicate that such hardening penetrates to the entire depth to which the article is first made malleable, taking for that purpose malleable cast-iron as now commonly made and found in the markets. By malleable cast-iron I mean cast-iron made malleable by the known and common process of cementation or annealing.
The invention consists in the process herein described, and in the product which is the inevitable result of that process, which product cannot, as I believe, be reached or attained by any other process than that herein described.
This process consists in heating the article of malleable iron in contact with a mixture of comminuted iron, prussiate of potash, and borax, and then suddenly cooling the heated article in cold water or other suitable medium. The product consists inmalleable cast-iron hardened by heated contact with prussiate of potash, comminuted iron, and borax, and sub sequent sudden cooling, substantially as herein 4 5 described. The mixture referred to should be in the form of a powder, and it may be made to adhere to the article on which the process is being practiced by wetting the article and touching the wetted part to the powder. The hardness attained is affected by the degree of heat used; red heat gives less hardness than a cherry heat, and it is not advisable to use higher than a cherry heat. Alum-water or salt-water for the hardening-bath also increases the hardness. .The mixture referred to is composed of comminuted wrought-iron, prussiate of potash, and borax. The preferable degree of fineness of the comminuted iron is that of filings made with a fourteen-inch file. In mixing the ingredients the prussiate of potash may be reduced to powder, the borax inelted, and when cold reduced to powder, and the component parts be intimately mingled by grinding them together. This mixture is useful to a degree for the purpose herein indicated in any proportion which gives a sub stantial part of each ingredient; but the pro portions which give special efficacy are (by weight) two parts of prussiate of potash to one part of comminuted iron and one part of borax.
This improvement is specially valuable in making various articles of iron. They can be first east to substantially the shape of the desired article, then made malleable, and the malleable portion, or any desired part thereof, be then hardened in the manner described.
I am not able to explain with certainty the manner or mode in which the said mixture or its ingredients take effect in the practice of 80 this process; but experiments indicate that the prussiate of potash and-the comminuted iron are theeffective elements in effecting the hard ening, and the borax serves the purpose of a flux. 8 5
Prussiate of potash has beenv heretofore used in case-hardening, and borax has been heretofore used as a fiux; but considerable research fails to show that comminutediron has ever been used at all for hardening either iron 0 proportions herein described, is reserved as the subject-matter of another application for Letters Patent.
I claim as my i1np1'ove1nent l. The art or process of hardening inalieable east iron bedywise, consisting in heating it in contact with prussiaiie of potash, coin ininuted iron,and borax, and then suddenly cooling it, substantially as herein described.
2. Malleable east-iron hardened bodywise 10 by heated contact with prnssiate of potash, eoinnrinuted iron, and borax, and subsequent sudden cooling, substantially as herein described.
H. JEROME BURR.
\Vi tnesses:
W M. E. SIMONDS, (inns. L. ZURDETT.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US280716A true US280716A (en) | 1883-07-03 |
Family
ID=2349928
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US280716D Expired - Lifetime US280716A (en) | And annie e |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US280716A (en) |
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0
- US US280716D patent/US280716A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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