US2804856A

US2804856A - Diesel hammer starting device

Info

Publication number: US2804856A
Application number: US477031A
Authority: US
Inventors: William V Spurlin
Original assignee: Syntron Co
Current assignee: Syntron Co
Priority date: 1954-12-22
Filing date: 1954-12-22
Publication date: 1957-09-03
Anticipated expiration: 1974-09-03

Description

SeP- 3, 1957 w. -v. sPURLlN 2,804,856

DIESEL HAMMER STARTING DEVICE Filed Deo. 22, 1954 s sheetssheet 1 i* EIIIIIHH] @M3325 H/s A Trae/EY SGPL 3, 1957 w. v. sPuRLlN 2,804,856

DIESEL HAMMER STARTING DEVICE Filed Deo. 22. 1954 e sheets-sheet 2 Hfs A Tro/QA/Ev l SePt- 3, 1957 W. v. SPURLIN 2,804,856

DIESEL HAMMER STARTING DEVICE INVENToR. WML/AM V Spam/,v

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HIL-ATTORNEY Sept. 3, 1957 w. v. sPURLlN DIESEL HAMMER STARTING DEVICE 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Deo. 22, 1954 gg@ I u@ .N ML mm my M M .m 1 ll., W

BY ZZ-M Hfs A-rroe/E Y Sept. 3, 1957 Filed Dec. 22, 1954 w. .v. sPURLlN DIESEL HAMMER STARTING DEVICE 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 /52 ,27% 438 fad/3l /3/ d' f /33 ".0" i 547 M5 if L36 L: s I 4/ /3/ OFF /3 24 0C. ma ,52 faz FL?. /O

F- INVENTOR.

H15 Arroemsv Sept 3, 1957 w. v. sPuRLlN 2,804,856

DIESEL HAMMER STARTING DEVICE Filed Dec. 22, 1954 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVEN TOR. W/L/AM M SPa/24W H/:s ATTOQMEY bti DIESEL HAND/IER STARTNG DEVICE Application December 22, 1954, Serial N o. 477,031

17 Claims. (Cl. 123-7) This invention relates generally to diesel power hammers and more particularly to a ram lifting device to start the diesel hammer.

The ram of a diesel power hammer must be raised in the cylinder by a hoist line after which it is released. When the ram descends to strike the anvil the `air is compressed, the fuel charge is then injected and red Iby the heat of compression generated by the pressure developed from the falling ram. This burning of the fuel generates sufficient energy to raise the ram for the next stroke and when it descends the second time to strike the anvil it again compresses the air and then injects fuel to repeat the operating cycle. This invention is concerned particularly with the ram raising and tripping device to start the diesel hammer. Y

The hoist line is under load while supporting the weight of the ram and this hoist line is stretched. If the ram is released under these conditions, the hoist line snaps back due to this elastic property, causing damage -to the equipment. The hoist line may break under these conditions or the latching mechanism which is slapped against the top of its guiding channel may be broken.

The principal object of this invention is the provision of a diesel ram lifting device that may be tripped or released when the hoist line is not under load.

This is accomplished by providing a pawl trip that re- I quires the release of the hoist line to actuate the tripping pawl. When the hoist line is released it is no longer under load and it will not snap back or cause any damage.

Another feature of this invention is the provision of a hydraulic receiver to swing the latching block of the starting lift mechanism into or out of latching or unlocked safety position. This hydraulic receiver is actuated by a transmitter which is a lever operated piston that moves the operating liquid in a closed and lled system to actuate the receiver which is 'also a hydraulic piston connected to rock the latching block into or out of operation position.

The operating lever of the hydraulic transmitter is interlocked with the fuel control lever to require the fuel controller to be positioned in its olf position before the start latch can be set to pick up the ram. This insures nonoperation of the ram when the latch is set to lift the ram. As soon as the latch is set and the ram is being raised, the hydraulic start latch lever can be set to its closed position and the fuel control lever moved to its fuel supply position, the fuel pump racks being set to deliver the de-v sired amount of fuel before the hoist line is released to drop the ram and thus start the diesel hammer. If the lifting start mechanism could be set when Ithe ram is in operation, the hoisting mechanism would be broken.

The diesel power hammer is mounted in guides or leads suspended from a crane or other hoist mechanism which permits the hammer to follow the piling as it is forced into the ground. The starting hoist line may be used to raise the hammer in the guides or leads hyperate t mitting the starting slide to engage a lift pin mounted at the top of the slide track.

Other objects and advantages lappear hereinafter in the following description and claims.

The accompanying drawings show for the purpose of exemplication Without limiting the invention or claims thereto certain practical embodiments illustrating the principles of the invention wherein:

Fig. 1 is a view in vertical section of a diesel power hammer illustrating the ram starting lift latch in position to raise the ram.

Fig. 2 is a View in horizontal section taken on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail view of the ram starting lift latch in its safety position. v

Fig. 4 is a view in side elevation of the track in which the slide carrying the ram starting lift latch reciprocates.

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the hydraulic control of the ram starting lift latch.

Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view of a manual control of the ram starting lift latch.

Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic View taken at right angles from that of Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a detailed view showing the latch bolt in the full fuel on position.

Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic view of an electric control of the ram starting lift latch.

Fig. l0 is a diagram of the circuit of the electric control of the ram starting lift latch.

Referring to Fig. l the diesel hammer consists of the piston or ram 1 which is free to reciprocate in the cylinder 2. This piston is preferably constructed as having a single diameter and is provided with a reduced intermediate section with a head at each end. The lower head section 3 of the ram is the power end and is equipped with the rings 4 and operates in the power cylinder 5. The upper head section of the piston or ram 6 is equipped with the rings 7 and operates in the compressor chamber 8. Intermediate of the two ends of the piston or ram is an annular shoulder 9. The lower end of the cylinder 2 is closed by the anvil 12 to complete the power cylinder. The anvil 12 is actually a second piston provided with the rings 13 and is slidable between limits in the lower end of the cylinder 2.

As shown in Fig. l the `anvil 12 has an annular flange 14 which is attached to the bottom of the housing by the bolts 15 that pass through the annular flange and extend into the guide member 10. The annular striking head 16 at the bottom of the anvil engages directly on the piling 17. The top of the anvil has two upwardly open turbulent chambers 18 and 19 on opposite sides of the chamber. These turbulent chambers are open at the top and also lateraly to the fuel injectors Z0 and 21 and are connected together under the curved bottom 11 of the ram.

The upper end of the diesel hammer is provided with ports 22 which connect to an expansion tank 23 on the outside of the cylinder for the purpose of compressing air in the chamber 8 and in the tank 23 which air under compression is released upon descending of the ram and may also be employed to scavenge the products of combustion from the combustion chamber formed between the'curved bottom 11 of the ram and the top of the anvil 12.

A fuel tank 24 is provided on the side of the housing 2 and is connected with the fuel supply pump 25 which is actuated by means of the cam member 26 in engaging the reduced section 27 of the ram. As the ram descends the cam 26 is actuated by a shoulder on the reduced section 27 of the ram and the pump forces fuel under injection pressure through the fuel injection members 20 and 21 into the spaces 18 and 19 before the ram strikes the anvil. The fuel pump mechanism is provided with a rack to Vary the amount of fuel delivered. This' rack in turn may be regulated or adjusted at different positions for supplying different amounts of fuel to the diesel hammer.

The head 30 of the housing 'closes theA top-endv ofthe same so as to co'mplet'ethechamber 8I as a compression chamber. This head also is provided with ay .pairof oppositely disposed -rollers 31 for maintaining the alignment ofthe hoist line 32. Hoist line 32 extends downwardly to the clamp member 33 where it is detachably secured to the hoist cable 34 of the diesel hammer. The' cable 34 extends into the track section 35 and is secured at its lower end by the head 36 to the slide member 37. The slide member 37 as shown-in Fig. 2 has outwardly directed flanges that operate in the lateral sections of the trackway 35 to guide the slide in its vertical movementin the trackway.

The slide 37 has a ram lifting leverv 38 pivoted on the pin 39 in the slide and is provided with a lifting shoulder on its free end 41 arranged to extend through a' slot into the cylinder 2 and engage under the shoulder 9 of the ram. A crank lever 4() is pivoted to the slide'with a pin 42 and is provided with an arcuate setting surface 43. The crank lever and the ram lifting lever are connected by the over center locking link 44 which is pivoted by means of the rst pivot 45 to the lifting lever 38 and by means of the pin 46 to the crank lever 40. The center of the Second pivot 46 lies on the locking side of the line 47 between the centers of the first pivot 45 and the crank lever pivot 42 when the ram lifting lever`38 is extended to engage under the ram shoulder 9.

The ram lifting device may be set to extend the ram lifting lever 38 under the shoulder 9 by a rotary latching block 48. The rotary latching block 48 is keyed to the shaft 49' and is channelled in the track as illustrated in Fig. 4 and is actuated by the hydraulic mechanism 50. When the rotary latching block 48 is swung into position as illustrated in Fig. l the tongue 51 extends upwardly in the pocket 52 of the slide 37 and engagesthe curved surface 43 of the crank lever 48 causing the same to swing in a counter clockwise direction and thus move the lever 44 and the crank lever 40 to the stop pin 53 which places the center of the second pivot 46 on the lockingside'of the line 47 and thus locks the ram lifting lever 38 inits extended position under the shoulder9 of the ram.

The crank lever 40 is provided with a releasing pawlmember 54 which is pinned to the crank lever by theV pin S and is held in an adjusted position by'the spring member 56. The ram lifting lever 38 is also biased by the springs 61 to maintain the link in its locked position. When the ram lifting lever is in the extended position and the hoist line is picked up to raise the slide 37 and lift the ram within the cylinder the pawl S4 has a trailing engagement over the releasing surface 57 of the track 35. This releasing surface is formed by a heavywall portion 58 which is provided with a series of transverse grooves 59. As the slide is drawn up the track the pawl 54 which has teeth 60 in the face thereof drags over the surface 57 and when it is decided that the ram has been lifted suliiciently high within the cylinder the hoist line is released to allow the ram to descend. The release of the hoist line removes any weight or tension on the wire rope that is employed as a hoist line and the downward movement of the slide 37 causes the teeth 60 of the pawl 54'to`engage in the grooves 59 on the track surface 57 and thus cause the crank lever 40 to rotate in a clockwise direction about its pivot 42 thereby throwing the second pivotcenter 46 to the unlocked side of the line 47 andy thus release or permit'the ram lifting lever 38 to rotate in a clockwise direction and thereby Withdraw its extended end from under the shoulder 9 releasing the Vram and permitting it to'fall as a free body.

The 'series of leaf springs `61 bear againsttheramlifting lever 38 so that it will retain its locked position until the free end 41 of the lever 38 contacts the ram shoulder 9'. Also, the leaf springs 61 prevent the lever 38 from rebounding and striking the reduced section Z7 on the ram when releasing the ram on the down stroke.

When it is not desired to raise the ram then the rotary latching block 48 as shown in Fig. 3 is rotated so that its extension 51 will not enter the opening 52 and engage the surface 43 of the crank lever 40 but will merely engage the bottom of the slide. Thus the ram lifting lever 38YV will not be extended and the slide may be raised without having the starting mechanism engage the ram. As the slide 37 is drawn to the top of the track 35 the arcuate seat 62 engages the hammer lifting pin 63 at the top of the track for the purpose of raising the Whole of the hammer mechanism in its guides or leads which are not shown but which control the vertical path of movement of the hammer and are suspended from the crane which also supports and raises and lowers the hammer from one piling to another.

The hydraulic mechanism for operating the rotary latching block is represented by the hydraulic receiver 5 0 which is shown in section in Fig. 5 and comprises the piston member 64 which operates within the cylinder and is biased by the spring 65 whichis held in position by the cylinder closing head 66. The hydraulic fluid enters through the line 67 to the chamber 68 and thus expands the piston 64 in this chamber and moves the piston rod 69 that is connected through the link 70 to the arm 71 that actually rotates theA block 48. The line 67 is connected to the hydraulic transmitter 72 which is also shown in Fig. 5 and is provided with a piston 73 operating in the cylinder 74 to feed the hydraulic liquid to the line 67 and which is actuated by the bell crank 92 the other end of which is loaded by a spring mechanism 75. A suitable' valve structure 76 is provided at the bottom of the transmitter for maintaining the supply of hydraulic liquid to the cylinder 74 at all times.

A fuel pump control transmitter as illustrated at 77 is similar in structure to the transmitter actuating the rotary latch block and it supplies hydraulic liquid through the line 78 to the hydraulic receiver 79 that is similar to the receiver 50 and which operates the piston 80 of the receiver 79 and is connected through the link 81 to the bell crank 82 which in turn is connected to the link 83 to the fuel rack 84 of the fuel pump 2S. The rack 84 is provided with an adjustable stop 85 to determine the maximum fuel that can be supplied to the diesel hammer at any one time. The rocker arm of each of the transmitters is mounted on the

shafts

86 and 87 and these shafts areV extended so as to be opposite to each other and are each provided with a

cam member

88 and 89. Cam member 88 on the shaft 86 of the rotary latching block starter 48 is provided with an arcuate relief 90 and a similar relief 91 is provided on the cam 89. It will be noted that in Fig. 5 the lever of the l-atching block hydraulic transmitter is shoved to its closed positionl which permits the fuel control transmitter 77 of the fuel control mechanism to be swung from its olf position to its increased position thus allowing the cam 89 to enter the arcuate surface 90 of the earn 88. If it is desired to start the mechanism it is necessary to move the handlever of the transmitter 77 to its extreme oif position and thereby permit the transmitter 72 to be swung to its open position after permitting the cam 88 to enter the arcuate surface 91 of the cam 89. This mechanical interlocking mechanism prevents one from setting the latching block 48 to set the mechanism to lift the ram when the ram is in motion and the diesel hammer is operating. It is necessary to move the fuel control lever to its off position and thus stop the operation of the diesel hammer before one can permit the rotary latehing block 48 to be swung into the position as shown in Fig. l for the purpose'of raising'the ram and starting the hammer.' If the latching block48 is not maintained in the safety position as shown in Fig. 3 when the hammer is in operation, the lever 38 will extend inside of the cylinder and would be struck by the ram wrecking the hoisting mechanism.

Referring now to Figs. 6, 7 and 8, the starting ram lift is the same as that disclosed with reference to Figs. 1 to 5 but the control mechanism to actuate the same is different. In Figs. 6 and 7 the mechanical transmitter 100 is provided with a single actuating lever 101 and a push pull cable 102. The lever 101 is pivoted at 103 to move the cable back and forth. A mechanical slowdown for lever 101 is provided in the slot 104 through which the upper part 105 of the lever travels. 'Ihe upper part 105 has a lateral pivotal connection 106 with the lower part of the lever 101 which permits the section 105 to swing laterally in the neutral, off or central transverse section of the slot 104. If the lever is pulled down the fuel is turned on and the degree of position determines the amount of fuel delivered to the pile driver. At the central position the fuel is shut off and any further movement up has no effect on `the fuel. If the lever 105 is shoved to the top of the slot 104 the latching block 48 is moved to the latching position. Thus no fuel can be supplied to the pile driver and it must be shut down or stopped before it can be latched for raising in the cylinder to start.

The cable 102 actuates the connector 107. When the lever 105 is up the cable 102 pulls the connector 107 down and this also pulls cable 108 down to shift the arm 71 and move its block 4S to the locking position as shown in Figs. 6 and 7. The arm 71 has

shoulders

109 and 110 `at ninety degrees to each other which engages the pin 111 carried by the shaft 49. If the lever 105 is in neutral the shoulder 109 on the lever 71 engages the pin 111.

lf the control lever is shifted to the fuel position andv the latch is raised, the spring 112 returns the latching block to its unlatching position and requires a resetting of the lever 105 with the latch down to repeat the latch ing function.

A pull on the control 105 downwardly to where force is transmitted to the connector 107 causes the latter to move upwardly to its dotted position. The cable 108 moves the lever 71 tothe position shown in Fig. 8. In this position the spring 112 holds the latching block 48 in its unlatched position. Any further movement of the control lever 105 downwardly causes the bell crank lever 116 to swing on its pivotal connection to move the fuel rack 84 to the fuel on position.

Any further movement of the control lever 105 from the center position requires this lever to be thrown to the right and then downwardly in the slot 104. The connector 107 is mounted adjacent the fuel control pump. One part of the connector 107 is pivotally attached to leg 114 of the bell crank lever 115, the other leg 116 is arranged to engage the spring biased fuel control rack 84. At the dotted position 117 of the connector 107 in Fig. 6 the control lever 105 and the leg 116 of the bell crank lever 115 would just touch the end of the rack 84 and the lever 71 is at the position shown in Fig. 8. Further movement of the control 105 downwardly moves the connector 107 up and the rack 84 to the right. The adjustable stop 85 is at the opposite end of the rack.

The mechanical transmitter 100 also has the glow plug switch 118. This switch connects a source of electric current to the glow plug 153 shown in Fig. l. The cable 121 carrying this electrical supply to the glow plug is attached to the push pull mechanical control cable S. The current supply to the glow plug 153 is by means of a single conductor cable with the ground return being made through the armour of the push pull mechanical cable 102.

Another mode of setting the lift and operating the diesel hammer is through electrical controls as shown in Figs. 9 and lO. The fuel pump rack 84 is provided with the yoke 122 1naving pivoted thereto at 123 one end of the lever 124, the intermediate portion of which is pivotally connected by the link 125 to the end of the spring biased core 126 of the electric solenoid 127 which contains an operating coil, one end of which is connected to ground.

The outer end of the lever 124 has the link 128 pivotallyconnected to the spring biased core 129 of the electric solenoid 130 which contains an operating coil, one end of which is grounded.

Y If the solenoid 127 is energized and the core is drawn in, it moves the rack 84 a xed distance with the lever pivoting on the link 128 to supply idling fuel.

If solenoid 127 is de-energized and solenoid 130 is energized the rack 84 is moved approximately twice the distance to the left as the link 128 has twice the mechanical advantage of the link 125. This supplies three-fourths the full load fuel.

If both

solenoids

127 and 130 are energized the movement of the rack 84 to the left is equal to the sum of the movement by each solenoid. This feeds full load fuel to the diesel hammer.

These solenoids are energized as illustrated in the circuit diagram of Fig. V10 wherein the source of electric supply is indicated as 24 volts D. C. and line 131 is ground on negative. The positive line 132 is connected to the double pole double throw switches 133 and 134 and specifically to the left blade 136 of switch 133 and the left lower pole 137 of switch 134. If switch 133 is thrown upward or on, current is supplied from 132, through switch blade 136,line 138, solenoid 127 to ground return 131 and also through the limiting resistance 139 and pilot light 140 to ground return 131. Thus indicator lamp 140 lights up when solenoid 127 is energized.

If switch V133 is in its off position and switch 134 is up or on, current travels from 132 through switch blade 141 of switch 134, line 142 to solenoid 130 and ground return, and also through the limiting resistor 143 and indicating lamp 144 is energized to show that solenoid 130 is energized.

If both

switches

133 and 134 are on, then both control lights 140and 144 are lit.

In order to start the diesel hammer both

switches

133 and 134 must vbe in the off position and current is then supplied from 132 to 137,knife blade 145, line 146, knife blade 147, line 148, push button 150, line 151 to

solenoid

1,52 and ground return 131. Solenoid 152 has a spring biased core or plunger which actuates the lever 71 that resets the block to lift the diesel piston. Since

switches

133 and 134 both have to be oif to energize the starter latch solenoid 152 this circuit provides the necessary interlock and the hammer has to be stopped before the latch can be set by the lever 71 to start it again.

To start the hammer the fuel should be set for threefourths load by energizing solenoid 130 or by having full load by energizing both

solenoids

127 and 130 immediately after the piston of the hammer has been caught by the lift latch.

If necessary the glow plug 153 can be lighted to aid in starting the hammer. This glow plug is in the combustion chamber and is energized from 132 through the switch 154 and the line 155 to the glow plug 153 and thence back by the ground return 131. A glow plug indicating lamp 156 and the limiting series resistance 157 are connected between line 155 and ground return to indicate if the glow plug is energized.

I claim:

1. A ram hoist starting mechanism for diesel power hammers comprising a vertical track mounted on the diesel cylinder adjacent a slot in the diesel cylinder exposing a shoulder on the ram, a slide movable along said track, a hoist line to lift said slide, a ram lifting lever pivoted on said slide with one end to engage under the ram shoulder when said lever is swung outwardly, a crank lever pivoted on said slide, an over center locking link having a rst pivot on said lifting lever and a second pivot on said crank lever, the center of the second pivot lying on the locking side of aline between the centers of the first pivot and the crank lever pivot when said lifting leveris extended to engage under the ram shoulder, and a release pawl mounted on Vsaid crank lever and set to have a trailing engagement with the track when the lifting lever is held extended under the ram shoulder by said locking link and the slide is elevated by the hoist line when saidv hoist line is released to lower the slide said pawl is arrested by the track and rotates the crank lever to shift thee-enter of the secondv pivot and unlock the lifting lever thereby releasing the ram.

2. The structure of claim l which also includes a rotary latching block at the bottom of said track to engage and swing the crank lever and set the locking link with the second pivot on the locking side of its over center position.

3. The structure of claim 2 characterised in that said latchng block has a pivotal support, and control means to swing said latching block into or out of its latching position.

4. The structure of claim 3 characterized in that said control means is a hydraulic actuated receiver having a piston connected to rock the latching block, said hydraulic receiver being connected through a hydraulicvline t'o a hydraulic transmitter interlocked with a diesel fuel hydraulic transmitter control.

5. The structure of claim 4 characterized in that the interlock of said control means comprises a cam on each of two adjacent parallel shafts supporting said hydraulic transmitters, a recess in each cam to interlock the movement of its transmitter and receive the `opposite cam to permit the operation of said other transmitter.

6. The structure of claim l which also includes a stop prin on said slide for limiting the swing of the locking link to the locking position.

7. The structure of claim l which also includes a hammer lift pin at the upper end of said track for engagement by said slide to hoist the hammer. e

8. The structure of claim l which also includes a serrated surface onY said track to be engaged by said'pawl to aid in swinging said crank lever to shift the center of the second pivot of said locking link. p

9. The structure of claim l which also includes a control lever, a cable means actuated by said lever andV connected to swing said latching block to control the lifting of the diesel ram.

10. The structure of claim 9 which also includes interlock means actuated by said control lever and cable means to prevent operation of saidV latching mechanism if the hammer 4is operating. e K

11 The structure of claim 9 characterized in that said control' lever operates through an arc, one part of which is required tovs'w'ing' said latching block and the opposite part of which' controls the feeding of fuel to the hammer.

12. The structure` of claim 11 which also includesra stop for 'said control lever intermediate said opposite parts of the operating arcs, said control lever shiftable from said stopte change from one function to another. I

13. TheA structure of claim 12 characterized in that said cable means includes a pivotally connected bell crank lever intermediate cable sections to ride with said cable f sections duringv onepart of saidv arc movement and rotates on one of` pivotal connections during the other part of said arefmovement.k Y Y 14. The structure of claim 1 which also includes rack operating solenoid' means to vactuate the fuel supply to said hammer`r and latch solenoid means toV actuate the latchingjblock, a circuit including switch means having front contact to energize the rack operating solenoid means, and a second circuit including a push button and the back contact of said switch means to energize the latch solenoid means.

15. The structure of claim 1 which also includes a glow plug in the :combustion chamber of said hammer, and circuit means including a switch means to energize said glow Plug? 16.v The structure of claim 1 which also includes a rack tore control 'the supply of fuel to said hammer, a lever pivotall'y connected at one end Vto said rack, a rst solenoid having it'splun'ger pivotally connected to one side of the intermediate portion of said lever, asecond solenoid having its plungerpivotally connected tok the other side of the outer portion' of said lever, independent switch means having frorit contacts connected to energize each ofV said solen oids, each of said solenoids functioning independently andcumulatively to move .said racks from no fuel, idling fuel, fractional loadrfuel and fullload fuel. v

17. The structurek of claim 16 which also includes a third solenoid to actuate said lifting latch, and circuit means including a push button and the back contacts of both of said independent switch means connected in series to supply said third solenoid.

No referencesV cited.