US2804745A - Elastic yarn and method of making same - Google Patents

Elastic yarn and method of making same Download PDF

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Publication number
US2804745A
US2804745A US398538A US39853853A US2804745A US 2804745 A US2804745 A US 2804745A US 398538 A US398538 A US 398538A US 39853853 A US39853853 A US 39853853A US 2804745 A US2804745 A US 2804745A
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United States
Prior art keywords
core
yarn
cover
covering
yarns
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Expired - Lifetime
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US398538A
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English (en)
Inventor
Boutwell H Foster
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Uniroyal Inc
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United States Rubber Co
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Publication date
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Priority to US398538A priority Critical patent/US2804745A/en
Priority to FR1116521D priority patent/FR1116521A/fr
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Publication of US2804745A publication Critical patent/US2804745A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/32—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic
    • D02G3/324—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic using a drawing frame

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an elastic yarn and to a method of making this yarn. More particularly, it relates to an elastic yarn in which an elastic core is sheathed in a lib1'0us covering of thermoplastic textile material and to a method of making this yarn.
  • an elastic yarn If an elastic yarn is to be satisfactory for use in the textile industry, it must not only be extensible and have good appearance, but it must also be well balanced, that is, it must be free from any substantial tendency to twist or kink when it hangs slack.
  • the elastic core is pretwisted in one direction, and the cover is wrapped about the core in the opposite direction, so in the resulting yarn the untwisting torque of the core just exactly counterbalances the untwisting torque of the cover.
  • a second factor which governs the amount of pro-twist necessary in the core is the number of wraps of cover applied to the core.
  • Pre-twisting of these cores is costly; the greater the pre-twistthe greater the cost. It is an object of this invention to produce a balanced elastic yarn of the type described which requires substantially less pre-twisting of the core than has heretofore been necessary.
  • a yarn produced in accordance with the present invention requires substantially less pro-twisting of the core than do the yarns of this type heretofore made, it is possible to make yarns in accordance with this invention which have an extensibility of at least 250%, and yarns having an extensibility of 300% or greater can be produced commercially. Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide an elastic yarn of the type described which has a much greater extensibility than has been possessed by similar yarns of this type heretofore made.
  • the elastic core of yarns according to the present invention may consist of any suitable core of elastic material, but it is preferred to use a core formed of rubber.
  • a round rubber core made directly from a rubber latex such as a rubber thread made by the process described in the patent to Hopkinson et a1., 1,545,257, granted July 7, 1925, is preferred.
  • the rubber latex may be compounded with various ingredients to improve its physical properties, such as resistance to aging, etc., if desired.
  • a round rubber thread of this type is preferred for the core, other kinds of rubber thread, such as the Well known cut rubber thread, may be used.
  • this elastic core is sheathed in a covering strand or strands of thermoplastic textile material which are wrapped around the elastic core.
  • thermoplastic textile materials suitable for the covering of the yarn according to this invention are Well known in the industry. Examples of such materials are Rhovyl and Fibravyl, yarns made of oriented polyvinyl chloride; Vinyon, an oriented copolymer of vinyl chloride (88%) and a small proportion of vinyl acetate (12%); Vinyon N, an oriented copolymer of vinyl chloride and acrylonitrile; Vinyon NOZZ, which is produced by stretching Vinyon N" at elevated temperatures; dynel, a staple form of Vinyon N; Dacron, an oriented superpolyester resin; oriented saran, an oriented copolymer of vinylidene chloride; nylon, a synthetic linear superpolyamide, etc.
  • thermoplastic materials are readily available to the industry in fibrous form as required by this invention. They may be used in their continuous, filamentary form, or they may be used in their staple form wherein the filaments are severed into short lengths and drawn and spun into yarn or roving. Or the staple Patented Sept. 3, 1957' thermoplastic material may be mixed with any of the Well known non-settable textile fibers, such as cotton, and formed into strands to produce blended strands having :known'setting properties; It is only necessary that the covering be capable ofbeing formed into strands which can be wrapped around the core and set on the core.
  • a strand or strands of thermoplastic covering is wrapped about the stretched elastic core by any of the suitable methods which are well known in the art, such as by spinning the two strands together, or by advancing the core through a hollow rotating spindle which carries a package of the covering material and wraps it around the core, to produce an unbalanced elastic yarn.
  • the core before being combined with the settable covering material the core is pro-twisted to a much lesser amount than is necessary to produce an elastic yarn which is well balanced when it is dotted after the covering stage. Consequently, the elastic yarn at this stage is badly out of balance in the direction of the cover twist.
  • This unbalanced yarn is next subjected to heat to set the thermoplastic material in the covering.
  • This setting of the thermoplastic covering relieves the stress in the cover, and hence it reduces the untwisting torque exerted in the yarn by the covering. In this manner, the unbalancing torque exerted by the cover is relieved so that the core exerts enough torque to balance the yarn, and the finished elastic yarn is well balanced after the heat treatment.
  • heat shrinkable thermoplastic covering materials for this covering, for these materials have the property of contracting upon the application of heat thereto.
  • heat shrinkable thermoplastic yarns are used for the covering material, this control need not be so close, and the yarns may be dotted having a loose cover and poor appearance in addition to being out of balance.
  • the heat shrinkable covers will be shrunk into snug, even engagement with the core to produce a yarn having a good appearance.
  • the amount of pre-twist to be given the core in practicing the present invention will vary with the particular materials used in covering the core, and with the core, yarn size, stretch and other properties desired in the finished product, but for any given yarn which is produced, the amount of pre-twist necessary in the core is greatly reduced in the present invention from the amount necessary to produce a balanced yarn by the methods heretofore used.
  • this core pre-twist will vary, it has been found that balanced yarn having a good appearance can be produced in accordance with this invention in which the amount of core pro-twist is as little as one-half or less than one-half of the core pre-twist necessary in the yarns heretofore made.
  • Fig. 1 is a view of a length of yarnimade in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 of a heretofore existing yarn of this type;
  • Fig. 3 is a view showing the manner in which an unbalanced yarn twists and kinks when hung slack in a loop;
  • Fig. 4 is a view showing the disposition of a well balanced yarn when hung slack in a loop
  • Fig. 5 is a view of a length of yarn according to this invention after the core is wrapped in a heat shrinkable thermoplastic cover but before the yarn has been subjected to a heat treatment;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing a method of covering a core employing a ring twister which may be used to form the yarns of this invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view illustrating a method of covering a core to form the yarn of this invention which utilizes a spinning frame.
  • Fig. 1 a length of yarn made in accordance with the present invention wherein a rubber core 10, such as the type produced in accordance with the above mentioned Hoplzinson et al. patent, is covered with strands of thermoplastic textile material 11. It will be observed that the core 16 is twisted in a direction opposite to the direction that the cover is wrapped about this core, so that the core balances the covering to produce a balanced yarn.
  • the cover shown in this figure. consists of two strands 11 of fibers, the covering can consist of a greater or lesser number of strands as is well known in the industry.
  • Fig. 2 there is shown a comparable length of yarn of the type made heretofore.
  • This yarn consists of a core til and cover 11 and, as will be observed from a comparison of Figs. 1 and 2, the core 10' is twisted to a much greater extent than the cover 10 in order that it may balance the covering 11' of this old yarn.
  • FIG. 4 the good balance of a finished yarn in accordance with this invention is illustrated.
  • a length of yarn which is hung in a loop from its ends.
  • This yarn hangs in substantially a. U-shape with little or no tendency to kink or twist one leg of the U about the other.
  • the yarn shown in Fig. 3 is badly out of balance and has the two legs of the U twisted and kinked about each other.
  • This latter view illustrates a yarn made in accordance with the present invention before it has been subjected to a heating treatment to set the cover and to balance the yarn.
  • a yarn made in accordance with the teachings of the prior art but having an insufficient number of core twists per inch would also twist and kink in the same manner as the yarn shown in Fig. 3.
  • FIG. 5 there is shown a length of yarn which has a covering of the preferred heat-andshrinkable thermoplastic textile strands in accordance with this invention.
  • This view shows the yarn after the core has been covered but before the cover has been heat set and heat shrunk.
  • the cover is very loose on the core 10, and the yarn has a bad appearance.
  • the cover will shrink into snug engagement with the core to give a yarn having the good appearance and balance shown in Figs. 1 and 4.
  • the amount of shrinkage necessary in any given heat shrinkable thermoplastic covering yarn to produce a Well covered and balanced yarn such as that shown in Figs.
  • a ring twister which may be used to cover cores in accordance with this invention.
  • two ends 11 of shrinkable and settable covering yarns are led from cones 12, suitably supported, through tension devices 13 and over bars 14 to guide eyes 15.
  • a twisted core 10 is led from a spool 16 to a similar eye,
  • a suitable tensioning means and let-off device here shown as a drum 17 running in frictional contact with the threads on the spool 16, retards the rotation of the spool 16 and controls the amount and the tension of the rubber thread supplied to its "guide eye. 7
  • the core 10 is led from its guideto the bar 20 and E consisted of immersing the covered yarns inwater where it joins the strands 11, and the core and covering maintained at a temperature of 200 F. for 5 minutes. strands are led together downwardlytherefrom through
  • any suitable heating treatment could be'subthe usual pigtail guide 21 to the traveler 22 on the ring stituted for the one used to shrink the yarns given in this 23 to be wound in the wrapped condition shown in Fig. 5 10 table.
  • the yarns could be placed in on the usual bobbin 24 supported on the rotating a heated oven, or in a chamber supplied with live spindle 25. steam, etc.
  • a spinning it will be appreciated by those skilled in this art, that frame for making ya rns in accordance with this invention the present invention can be utilized/to produce yarns in which the covering strands 11 are in the form of rela- 15 having varying characteristics. Although perhaps it will tively twist-free roving.
  • the rubber core have its greatest advantage when used to produce single is supplied from a spool 16 and let-off device 17 to the covered yarns having greater stretch than yarns of this front pair of drafting rolls 26.
  • the roving 11 is led type produced heretofore it will be useful to produce yarns from packages 12' tothe drafting rolls 26, and the drafted generally "of this type at reduced cost.
  • yarns can roving 11 is led with the core 10 to the usual pigtail 20 be produced having a limited stretch of only 75 to 150% guide eye 27 and thence to the traveler 28 and ring 29 'which'utilize cores that have been pre-twisted to a much to be wound in a wrapped condition on the bobbin 30 lesser 'extent than necessary when the principles of this carried by the spindle 31, all in a well-known manner. invention are not'utilized.” Still other advantages of yarns As illustrating further the present invention, the folproduced in accordance with this invention may be prolowing table gives the structural characteristics of several cuted in a suitable yarn if desired.
  • Designation A B o D n F 1. Gauge of bare circular .0133 .0133 0111 .0111- .010 .010.
  • Yarns A, D and F are representative yarns made of 2.
  • A comprising a twisted elastic core, said core having a number parison of yarns A and B shows that although the core of turns per inch less than that necessary to balance the and covering size are the same (items 1 and 3) and the torque exerted on it by its untreated cover, covering number of wraps of cover per inch (item 6) are similar, strands of thermoplastic material wrapped thereabout in the yarn embodying this invention (B) requires much a direction opposite to the twist of the core, said cover fewer turns of pre-twist (item 2) and when finished has being heat-set on the core, whereby the elastic yarn is a much greater extensibility (item 9) than does the yarn balanced.
  • yarn E the percentage by Weight of core and cover respectively are 19% and 81%, while in yarn F they are an amount insufiicient to balance the twisting torque exerted on it by its cover when untreated, covering strands of thermoplastic textile material wrapped about said core in a direction opposite to the twist in said core, said covering strands being heat-set and shrunk on said core.
  • a balanced single covered elastic yarn of the type described comprising a twisted rubber core, said core being twisted an amount insufficient to balance the twist- 49% and 51%.
  • thermoplastic covering 7 heat shrinkable thermoplastic covering, strands wrapped about said core in a direction opposite to the twist in said core, said covering strands being heat-set and shrunk on said core, and said elastic yarn having a maximum extensibility of at least 250%.
  • a method of making a single covered balanced elastic yarn which comprises, twisting a rubber thread, wrapping strands of heat shrinkable thermoplastic material about the twisted rubber thread in a direction opposite to the twist in the thread to produce an unbalanced yarn having a loose cover, and heating the unbalanced yarn to shrink the cover on the core and to relieve the unbalancing torque in the cover.
  • a method of making a single covered balanced elastic yarn having a stretch of at least 250% which comprises wrapping heat shrinkable thermoplastic strands about a twisted rubber thread which is twisted an insufficient amount to balance the covering strands, and heating the unbalanced yarn to shrink the thermoplastic strands on the rubber thread and to balance the yarn.
  • a balanced elastic yarn comprising wrapping heat-shrinkable thermoplastic strands about a twisted rubber core to produce an un- V a balanced yarn, and heating the unbalanced yarn to shrink the cover from 39 to 61% on the core to produce a balanced yarn of good appearance.
  • a balanced elastic yarn comprising wrapping heat shrinkable thermoplastic strands about a' twisted elastic core which is twisted an insufficientamount to balance the covering strands, and heating the unbalanced yarn to shrink the cover on the core and to balance the yarn.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US398538A 1953-12-16 1953-12-16 Elastic yarn and method of making same Expired - Lifetime US2804745A (en)

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US398538A US2804745A (en) 1953-12-16 1953-12-16 Elastic yarn and method of making same
FR1116521D FR1116521A (fr) 1953-12-16 1954-12-13 Filés élastiques

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3063231A (en) * 1958-07-15 1962-11-13 Celanese Corp Apparatus for bulking yarn
US3091856A (en) * 1960-07-14 1963-06-04 Marvin C Goldstein Elastic thread ligature
US3115745A (en) * 1962-06-13 1963-12-31 Chadbourn Gotham Inc Method of drawing, covering and stabilizing synthetic elastomeric yarn
US3145525A (en) * 1962-11-23 1964-08-25 Wall Rope Works Inc Ropes of synthetic fibers
US3234724A (en) * 1963-10-16 1966-02-15 Rohm & Haas Composite elastic yarn and the process therefor
US3344597A (en) * 1963-12-12 1967-10-03 Burlington Industries Inc Method of making composite yarn
US3375655A (en) * 1965-07-26 1968-04-02 Stretch Yarns Inc Elasticized yarn and method of making same
US3387448A (en) * 1963-12-30 1968-06-11 Chadbourn Gotham Inc Stretched and stabilized yarns and fabrics
US3504410A (en) * 1963-04-10 1970-04-07 Albert Marcel Cyprien Alexandr Method for the manufacture of elastic twisted yarns and textile products
US3657873A (en) * 1969-12-08 1972-04-25 Kirkland H Gibson Composite elastic core yarn
US3991551A (en) * 1963-08-13 1976-11-16 Burlington Industries, Inc. Composite yarn and method of making the same
US4150529A (en) * 1978-04-14 1979-04-24 Hanes Corporation Method of making elastic yarn
US4226076A (en) * 1978-12-04 1980-10-07 Akzona Incorporated Apparatus and process for producing a covered elastic composite yarn
US5597432A (en) * 1992-07-31 1997-01-28 Molten Corporation Method for making balls for sports

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4893665A (en) * 1988-02-17 1990-01-16 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Cables for reinforcing deformable articles and articles reinforced by said cables
US4832101A (en) * 1988-02-17 1989-05-23 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Pneumatic tires

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2146966A (en) * 1937-11-22 1939-02-14 American Mills Company Elastic strand for elastic fabrics and method of producing the same
US2263612A (en) * 1940-11-13 1941-11-25 Us Rubber Co Method of making elastic yarn
US2263614A (en) * 1940-11-19 1941-11-25 Us Rubber Co Method of making elastic yarn
US2343892A (en) * 1942-10-09 1944-03-14 Columbian Rope Co Rope structure and method of making same

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2146966A (en) * 1937-11-22 1939-02-14 American Mills Company Elastic strand for elastic fabrics and method of producing the same
US2263612A (en) * 1940-11-13 1941-11-25 Us Rubber Co Method of making elastic yarn
US2263614A (en) * 1940-11-19 1941-11-25 Us Rubber Co Method of making elastic yarn
US2343892A (en) * 1942-10-09 1944-03-14 Columbian Rope Co Rope structure and method of making same

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3063231A (en) * 1958-07-15 1962-11-13 Celanese Corp Apparatus for bulking yarn
US3091856A (en) * 1960-07-14 1963-06-04 Marvin C Goldstein Elastic thread ligature
US3115745A (en) * 1962-06-13 1963-12-31 Chadbourn Gotham Inc Method of drawing, covering and stabilizing synthetic elastomeric yarn
US3145525A (en) * 1962-11-23 1964-08-25 Wall Rope Works Inc Ropes of synthetic fibers
US3504410A (en) * 1963-04-10 1970-04-07 Albert Marcel Cyprien Alexandr Method for the manufacture of elastic twisted yarns and textile products
US3991551A (en) * 1963-08-13 1976-11-16 Burlington Industries, Inc. Composite yarn and method of making the same
US3234724A (en) * 1963-10-16 1966-02-15 Rohm & Haas Composite elastic yarn and the process therefor
US3344597A (en) * 1963-12-12 1967-10-03 Burlington Industries Inc Method of making composite yarn
US3387448A (en) * 1963-12-30 1968-06-11 Chadbourn Gotham Inc Stretched and stabilized yarns and fabrics
US3375655A (en) * 1965-07-26 1968-04-02 Stretch Yarns Inc Elasticized yarn and method of making same
US3657873A (en) * 1969-12-08 1972-04-25 Kirkland H Gibson Composite elastic core yarn
US4150529A (en) * 1978-04-14 1979-04-24 Hanes Corporation Method of making elastic yarn
US4226076A (en) * 1978-12-04 1980-10-07 Akzona Incorporated Apparatus and process for producing a covered elastic composite yarn
US5597432A (en) * 1992-07-31 1997-01-28 Molten Corporation Method for making balls for sports

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Publication number Publication date
FR1116521A (fr) 1956-05-08

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