US2803747A - Bistable multivibrator - Google Patents
Bistable multivibrator Download PDFInfo
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- US2803747A US2803747A US425246A US42524654A US2803747A US 2803747 A US2803747 A US 2803747A US 425246 A US425246 A US 425246A US 42524654 A US42524654 A US 42524654A US 2803747 A US2803747 A US 2803747A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/04—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of vacuum tubes only, with positive feedback
- H03K3/05—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of vacuum tubes only, with positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback
- H03K3/06—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of vacuum tubes only, with positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two tubes so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator
- H03K3/12—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of vacuum tubes only, with positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two tubes so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator bistable
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- the invention relates to multivibrators, and particularly to the anode-to-grid coupling circuit in bistable multivibrators.
- the anode of one electron discharge tube is coupled to the control grid of a second electron discharge tube by a resistor that is shunted by a capacitor.
- the anode of the second tube is coupled to the control grid of the first tube by a second resistor that is also shunted by a capacitor.
- Such couplings for bistable multivibrators are well known in the art.
- An object of this invention is to provide a coupling circuit for bistable multivibrators that allows wider tolerances between the matched component parts, and wider tolerances of accuracy for all the component parts of the multivibrator.
- a gaseous discharge tube is interposed in series with the coupling resistor in the anode-togrid coupling circuit.
- the gaseous discharge tube may be shunted by a capacitor.
- the gaseous discharge tube provides a constant voltage drop for all values of current, and the resistor limits the grid current.
- Fig. 1 is a typical circuit for a bistable multivibrator having the conventional coupling circuit
- Fig. 2 is the circuit for a bistable multivibrator having a coupling circuit according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 A typical conventional circuit for a bistable multivibrator is shown in Fig. 1.
- Two evacuated electron discharge tubes 10 and 20 are shown with cathodes 11 and 21, control electrodes or grids 12 and 22, and anodes 13 and 33 respectively.
- electron discharge tube is construed to include any electrode structure whether contained by itself or with some other electrode structure within an evacuated envelope.
- the anode 13 of the tube 10 is connected to the control grid 22 of the tube 20 by the resistor 15 connected in parallel with the capacitor 16.
- the anode 23 of the tube 20 is connected to the control grid 12 of the tube 10 by the resistor 25 connected in parallel with the capacitor 26.
- the two cathodes 11 and 21 are connected to a point of reference potential, such as ground.
- the control grid 12 of the tube 10 is also connected to the negative terminal of a source of direct current (D.-C.) potential by the resistor 17.
- the control grid 22 of the tube 20 is connected to the same negative terminal of DC. potential 5 by the resistor 27.
- a source of direct current (D.-C.) potential 6 supplies positive potential to the anodes 13 and 23 sistors 14 and 24 repectively.
- a gaseous discharge tube is interposed in the coupling circuit between the anode of each tube and the control grid of the other tube.
- two gaseous discharge tubes 35 and 45 are shown connected in a bistable multivibrator circuit in accordance with the invention.
- the electron discharge tubes 30 and 40 have the cathodes 31 and 41 connected to a point of reference potential, such as ground.
- the anodes 33 and 43 are connected to the positive terminal of a source of direct current (D.-C.) potential 8 through the anode resistors 34 and 44 rethrough the respectively.
- D.-C. direct current
- the anode 43 of the tube 40 is connected to the control grid 32 of the tube 30 through the gaseous discharge tube 45 and the resistor 38 which are joined at the junction 55 ⁇ .
- a capacitor 46 is connected in parallel with the gaseous discharge tube 45, and a capacitor 39 is connected in parallel with the resistor 38.
- the anode 33 of the tube 30 is connected to the control grid 42 of the tube 40 through the gaseous discharge tube 35 and the resistor 48 which are joined at the junction 60.
- a capacitor 36 is connected in parallel with the gaseous discharge tube 35, and a capacitor 49 is connected in parallel with the resistor 48.
- a source of direct current (D.-C.) potential 7 has its negative terminal connected through the resistors 37 and 47 to the junction points 50 and respectively.
- the two functions usually required of the resistors 15 and 25 in Fig. 1 have been divided.
- the resistors 15 and 25 serve as both voltage dropping resistors and as grid-current limiting resistors.
- the gaseous discharge tubes 35 and 45 give the necessary voltage drop, and the resistors 38 and 48 limit the grid current to the specified value.
- the capacitors 36 and 46 that are connected in parallel with the gaseous discharge tubes 35 and 45 give the circuit the quick response desired, but may be omitted.
- the voltage drop across the gaseous discharge tubes 35 and 45 is constant for practically all values of current, and the voltages at the junction points 50 and 60 change with the voltages at the anodes 43 and 33 volt for volt.
- the values and tolerances of the other resistors are far less critical and dependent on each other.
- the electron discharge tubes 30 and 40 may be any conventional triodes, such as type 6211 which contains The invention claimed is:
- each of said cross-coupling paths comprising a gaseous discharge tube and a resistor in series therewith, a capacitor connected in parallel with said gaseous discharge tube, and a capacitor connected in parallel with said resistor.
- a multivibrator the combination of a first electron discharge tube, a second electron discharge tube, each of said tubes having an anode, a cathode, and a control grid, and means connecting said tubes so that when one of said'tubes is conducting the other of said tubes is cut ofl, said connecting means comprising a first gaseous discharge tube connected to the anode of said first electron tube, a first resistor serially connected between said first gaseous discharge tube and the control grid of said second electron tube, a capacitor connected in parallel with said first gaseous discharge tube, and a capacitor connected in parallel with said first resistor, and further comprising a second gaseous discharge tube connected to the anode of said second electron tube, a second'resistor serially connected between said second gaseous discharge tube and the control grid of said first electron tube, a capacitor connected in parallel with said second gaseous discharge tube, and a capacitor connected in parallel with said second resistor.
- a bistable multivibrator comprising a first source of direct current potential, a second source of direct current potential, a first electron discharge tube, a second electron discharge tube, each of said tubes having an anode, a cathode, and a control grid, means connecting said anodesto the positive terminal of said first source of direct current potential, a first gaseous discharge tube, a first resistor, means connecting the anode of said first electron tube serially through said first gaseous discharge tube and said first resistor to the control grid of said second electron tube, a capacitor connected in parallel with said first gaseous discharge tube, a capacitor connecte' in parallel with said first resistor, a second gaseous discharge tube, a second resistor, means connecting the anode of said second electron tube serially through said second gaseous discharge tube and said second resistor to the control grid of said first electron tube, a capacitor connected in parallel with said second gaseous discharge tube, a capacitor connected in parallel with said second resistor, means connecting the negative terminal of said second source of direct current
- a bistable multivibrator comprising a first source of direct current potential, a second source of direct current potential, 21 point of reference potential, a first triode vacuum tube, a second triode vacuum tube, a first gaseous discharge tube, a second gaseous discharge tube, means connecting one electrode of said first gaseous discharge tube to the anode of said first triode, a first resistor having two terminals, means connecting one terminal of said first resistor to the control grid of said second triode, means joining the other terminal of said first resistor to the other electrode of said first gaseous discharge tube, means connecting a capacitor in parallel with said first resistor, means connecting a capacitor in parallel with said first gaseous discharge tube, means connecting one electrode of said second gaseous discharge tube to the anode of said second triode, a second resistor having two terminals, means connecting one terminal of said second resistor to the control grid of said first triode, means joining the other terminal of said second resistor to the other electrode ofsaid second gaseous discharge tube, means connecting a capacitor in
- a regenerative circuit comprising the series arrangement of a gaseous discharge tube and'a resistor between'the' anode of each triode and the control grid of the other triode, a capacitor connected in parallel with said gaseous discharge tube, and a capacitor connected in parallel with said resistor.
- a bistable multivibrator comprising a first source of direct current potential, a second source of direct current potential, a first and a second electron discharge tube, each of said'tubes having an anode, a cathode, and a control grid, means connecting said anodes to the positive terminal of said'first source of direct current potential, a first gaseous discharge tube, a first resistor, means connecting the anode of said first electron tube serially through said first gaseous discharge tube and said first resistor to the control grid of said second electron tube, a capacitor connected in parallel with said first resistor, a second gaseous discharge tube, a second resistor, means connecting the anode of said second electron tube serially through said second gaseous discharge tube and said second resistor to the control grid of said first electron tube, a capacitor connected in parallel with said second resistor, means connecting the negative terminal of said second source of direct current potential to each junction of said gas tubes and said resistors, a point of reference potential, and means connecting said cathodes to said point
- a bistable multivibrator circuit having two triode vacuum tubes, a pair of circuits each comprising the series arrangement of a gaseous discharge tube and a resistor between the anode of each triode and the control grid of the other triode, and a capacitor connected in parallel with saidv resistor.
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Description
Aug. 20," 1957 W. E. WOODS BISTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR Filed April 23, 1954 IN VEN TOR. WILLIAM 5-. Wu an:
United States Patent Ofiice 2,803,747 Patented Aug. 20, 1957 BISTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR William Eugene Woods, Haddonfield,'N. J., assignor, by mesne assignments, to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy Application April 23, 1954, Serial No. 425,246 7 Claims. (Cl. 25027) The invention relates to multivibrators, and particularly to the anode-to-grid coupling circuit in bistable multivibrators.
In the usual bistable multivibrator, the anode of one electron discharge tube is coupled to the control grid of a second electron discharge tube by a resistor that is shunted by a capacitor. The anode of the second tube is coupled to the control grid of the first tube by a second resistor that is also shunted by a capacitor. Such couplings for bistable multivibrators are well known in the art. When the anodes and grids are coupled in this manner, one of the two electron discharge tubes will conduct and the other will be cut off. To switch the two tubes, a control signal or trigger pulse is applied to the multivibrator. When switched, the multivibrator will remain in the new condition until switched again by the application of another control signal.
In order for the prior art bistable multivibrators to function properly it is necessary that corresponding component parts be closely matched, and that all component parts have narrow tolerances. Such narrow tolerances and close matching of the component parts make the prior art multivibrator circuit difficult and relatively eX- pensive to construct.
An object of this invention is to provide a coupling circuit for bistable multivibrators that allows wider tolerances between the matched component parts, and wider tolerances of accuracy for all the component parts of the multivibrator.
In the invention, a gaseous discharge tube is interposed in series with the coupling resistor in the anode-togrid coupling circuit. The gaseous discharge tube may be shunted by a capacitor. Thus, the gaseous discharge tube provides a constant voltage drop for all values of current, and the resistor limits the grid current. The invention is illustrated in the attached drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a typical circuit for a bistable multivibrator having the conventional coupling circuit; and
Fig. 2 is the circuit for a bistable multivibrator having a coupling circuit according to the invention.
A typical conventional circuit for a bistable multivibrator is shown in Fig. 1. Two evacuated electron discharge tubes 10 and 20 are shown with cathodes 11 and 21, control electrodes or grids 12 and 22, and anodes 13 and 33 respectively.
As used hereinafter, the term electron discharge tube is construed to include any electrode structure whether contained by itself or with some other electrode structure within an evacuated envelope.
The anode 13 of the tube 10 is connected to the control grid 22 of the tube 20 by the resistor 15 connected in parallel with the capacitor 16. The anode 23 of the tube 20 is connected to the control grid 12 of the tube 10 by the resistor 25 connected in parallel with the capacitor 26. The two cathodes 11 and 21 are connected to a point of reference potential, such as ground. The control grid 12 of the tube 10 is also connected to the negative terminal of a source of direct current (D.-C.) potential by the resistor 17. Likewise, the control grid 22 of the tube 20 is connected to the same negative terminal of DC. potential 5 by the resistor 27. A source of direct current (D.-C.) potential 6 supplies positive potential to the anodes 13 and 23 sistors 14 and 24 repectively.
In the circuit shown in Fig. 1, all the component parts must have narrow tolerances in order for the circuit to function properly. For example, to attain the desired voltage drops across the resistors 17, 25 and 24, or across the resistors 27, 15 and 14, it is necessary for these resistors to have narrow tolerances. Likewise, corresponding parts in the multivibrator circuit, for example the resistors 17 and 27, must be closely matched with each other so that the two parts of the multivibrator balance each other in operation.
In order to eliminate the necessity for narrow tolerances and close matching of the component parts, a gaseous discharge tube is interposed in the coupling circuit between the anode of each tube and the control grid of the other tube. In Fig. 2, two gaseous discharge tubes 35 and 45 are shown connected in a bistable multivibrator circuit in accordance with the invention. The electron discharge tubes 30 and 40 have the cathodes 31 and 41 connected to a point of reference potential, such as ground. The anodes 33 and 43 are connected to the positive terminal of a source of direct current (D.-C.) potential 8 through the anode resistors 34 and 44 rethrough the respectively. The anode 43 of the tube 40 is connected to the control grid 32 of the tube 30 through the gaseous discharge tube 45 and the resistor 38 which are joined at the junction 55}. A capacitor 46 is connected in parallel with the gaseous discharge tube 45, and a capacitor 39 is connected in parallel with the resistor 38. Similarly, the anode 33 of the tube 30 is connected to the control grid 42 of the tube 40 through the gaseous discharge tube 35 and the resistor 48 which are joined at the junction 60. A capacitor 36 is connected in parallel with the gaseous discharge tube 35, and a capacitor 49 is connected in parallel with the resistor 48. A source of direct current (D.-C.) potential 7 has its negative terminal connected through the resistors 37 and 47 to the junction points 50 and respectively.
With the gaseous discharge tubes 35 and 45 inserted in the multivibrator circuit as shown in Fig. 2, the two functions usually required of the resistors 15 and 25 in Fig. 1 have been divided. Normally, the resistors 15 and 25 serve as both voltage dropping resistors and as grid-current limiting resistors. However, in Fig. 2, the gaseous discharge tubes 35 and 45 give the necessary voltage drop, and the resistors 38 and 48 limit the grid current to the specified value. The capacitors 36 and 46 that are connected in parallel with the gaseous discharge tubes 35 and 45 give the circuit the quick response desired, but may be omitted. With such a circuit, the voltage drop across the gaseous discharge tubes 35 and 45 is constant for practically all values of current, and the voltages at the junction points 50 and 60 change with the voltages at the anodes 43 and 33 volt for volt. Thus, the values and tolerances of the other resistors are far less critical and dependent on each other.
The electron discharge tubes 30 and 40 may be any conventional triodes, such as type 6211 which contains The invention claimed is:
1. In a multivibrator, the combination of a pair of electron discharge tubes, and a pair of paths cross-coupling said tubes so that when one of said tubes is conducting the other of said tubes is cut off, each of said cross-coupling paths comprising a gaseous discharge tube and a resistor in series therewith, a capacitor connected in parallel with said gaseous discharge tube, and a capacitor connected in parallel with said resistor.
2. In a multivibrator, the combination of a first electron discharge tube, a second electron discharge tube, each of said tubes having an anode, a cathode, and a control grid, and means connecting said tubes so that when one of said'tubes is conducting the other of said tubes is cut ofl, said connecting means comprising a first gaseous discharge tube connected to the anode of said first electron tube, a first resistor serially connected between said first gaseous discharge tube and the control grid of said second electron tube, a capacitor connected in parallel with said first gaseous discharge tube, and a capacitor connected in parallel with said first resistor, and further comprising a second gaseous discharge tube connected to the anode of said second electron tube, a second'resistor serially connected between said second gaseous discharge tube and the control grid of said first electron tube, a capacitor connected in parallel with said second gaseous discharge tube, and a capacitor connected in parallel with said second resistor.
3. A bistable multivibrator comprising a first source of direct current potential, a second source of direct current potential, a first electron discharge tube, a second electron discharge tube, each of said tubes having an anode, a cathode, and a control grid, means connecting said anodesto the positive terminal of said first source of direct current potential, a first gaseous discharge tube, a first resistor, means connecting the anode of said first electron tube serially through said first gaseous discharge tube and said first resistor to the control grid of said second electron tube, a capacitor connected in parallel with said first gaseous discharge tube, a capacitor connecte' in parallel with said first resistor, a second gaseous discharge tube, a second resistor, means connecting the anode of said second electron tube serially through said second gaseous discharge tube and said second resistor to the control grid of said first electron tube, a capacitor connected in parallel with said second gaseous discharge tube, a capacitor connected in parallel with said second resistor, means connecting the negative terminal of said second source of direct current potential to each junction of said gaseous discharge tubes and said resistors, a point of reference potential, and means connecting said cathodes to said point of reference potential.
4. A bistable multivibrator comprising a first source of direct current potential, a second source of direct current potential, 21 point of reference potential, a first triode vacuum tube, a second triode vacuum tube, a first gaseous discharge tube, a second gaseous discharge tube, means connecting one electrode of said first gaseous discharge tube to the anode of said first triode, a first resistor having two terminals, means connecting one terminal of said first resistor to the control grid of said second triode, means joining the other terminal of said first resistor to the other electrode of said first gaseous discharge tube, means connecting a capacitor in parallel with said first resistor, means connecting a capacitor in parallel with said first gaseous discharge tube, means connecting one electrode of said second gaseous discharge tube to the anode of said second triode, a second resistor having two terminals, means connecting one terminal of said second resistor to the control grid of said first triode, means joining the other terminal of said second resistor to the other electrode ofsaid second gaseous discharge tube, means connecting a capacitor in parallel with said second resistor, means connecting a capacitor in parallel with said second gaseous discharge tube, means connecting the negative terminal of said second source of direct current potential to said joining means between said first resistor and said first gaseous discharge tube and to said joining means between said second resistor and said second gaseous discharge tube, means connecting the positive terminal of said first source of direct current potential to the anode of said first triode and to' the anode of said second triode, and means connecting the cathode of said first triode and the cathode of said second triode to said point of reference potential.
5. In a bistable multivibrator circuit having two triode vacuum tubes, a regenerative circuit comprising the series arrangement of a gaseous discharge tube and'a resistor between'the' anode of each triode and the control grid of the other triode, a capacitor connected in parallel with said gaseous discharge tube, and a capacitor connected in parallel with said resistor.
6. A bistable multivibrator comprising a first source of direct current potential, a second source of direct current potential, a first and a second electron discharge tube, each of said'tubes having an anode, a cathode, and a control grid, means connecting said anodes to the positive terminal of said'first source of direct current potential, a first gaseous discharge tube, a first resistor, means connecting the anode of said first electron tube serially through said first gaseous discharge tube and said first resistor to the control grid of said second electron tube, a capacitor connected in parallel with said first resistor, a second gaseous discharge tube, a second resistor, means connecting the anode of said second electron tube serially through said second gaseous discharge tube and said second resistor to the control grid of said first electron tube, a capacitor connected in parallel with said second resistor, means connecting the negative terminal of said second source of direct current potential to each junction of said gas tubes and said resistors, a point of reference potential, and means connecting said cathodes to said point of reference'potential.
7. In a bistable multivibrator circuit having two triode vacuum tubes, a pair of circuits each comprising the series arrangement of a gaseous discharge tube and a resistor between the anode of each triode and the control grid of the other triode, and a capacitor connected in parallel with saidv resistor.
References Cited-in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,130.440 Willis et a1. Sept. 20, 1938 2,441,006 Confora May 4, 1948 2,536,808 Higinbotham Jan. 2, 1951
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US425246A US2803747A (en) | 1954-04-23 | 1954-04-23 | Bistable multivibrator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US425246A US2803747A (en) | 1954-04-23 | 1954-04-23 | Bistable multivibrator |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2803747A true US2803747A (en) | 1957-08-20 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| US425246A Expired - Lifetime US2803747A (en) | 1954-04-23 | 1954-04-23 | Bistable multivibrator |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2935255A (en) * | 1954-11-15 | 1960-05-03 | Lab For Electronics Inc | High speed decade counter |
| US2977540A (en) * | 1958-03-10 | 1961-03-28 | Gen Radio Co | Electric switching circuits |
| US2989704A (en) * | 1959-04-15 | 1961-06-20 | Gamewell Co | Multivibrator |
| US2990480A (en) * | 1958-07-15 | 1961-06-27 | Ellsworth Robert Lee | Impedance controlled cross-coupled one-shot multivibrator |
| US2990478A (en) * | 1957-02-25 | 1961-06-27 | Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc | Anti-saturation circuits for transistor amplifiers |
| US3040178A (en) * | 1957-07-09 | 1962-06-19 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Logic circuitry |
| US3098158A (en) * | 1955-06-06 | 1963-07-16 | Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc | Multivibrator circuits employing voltage break-down devices |
| US3111626A (en) * | 1959-10-23 | 1963-11-19 | Nederlanden Staat | Gating circuit with stabilizing means at the voltage divider output tap of each multivibrator therein |
| US3140434A (en) * | 1959-08-11 | 1964-07-07 | Ass Elect Ind | Bistable multivibrator controlled oscillating d.-c. motor |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2130440A (en) * | 1936-01-30 | 1938-09-20 | Gen Electric | Electric valve circuits |
| US2441006A (en) * | 1945-06-28 | 1948-05-04 | Rca Corp | Electronic locking circuit |
| US2536808A (en) * | 1949-03-08 | 1951-01-02 | William A Higinbotham | Fast impulse circuits |
-
1954
- 1954-04-23 US US425246A patent/US2803747A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2130440A (en) * | 1936-01-30 | 1938-09-20 | Gen Electric | Electric valve circuits |
| US2441006A (en) * | 1945-06-28 | 1948-05-04 | Rca Corp | Electronic locking circuit |
| US2536808A (en) * | 1949-03-08 | 1951-01-02 | William A Higinbotham | Fast impulse circuits |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2935255A (en) * | 1954-11-15 | 1960-05-03 | Lab For Electronics Inc | High speed decade counter |
| US3098158A (en) * | 1955-06-06 | 1963-07-16 | Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc | Multivibrator circuits employing voltage break-down devices |
| US2990478A (en) * | 1957-02-25 | 1961-06-27 | Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc | Anti-saturation circuits for transistor amplifiers |
| US3040178A (en) * | 1957-07-09 | 1962-06-19 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Logic circuitry |
| US2977540A (en) * | 1958-03-10 | 1961-03-28 | Gen Radio Co | Electric switching circuits |
| US2990480A (en) * | 1958-07-15 | 1961-06-27 | Ellsworth Robert Lee | Impedance controlled cross-coupled one-shot multivibrator |
| US2989704A (en) * | 1959-04-15 | 1961-06-20 | Gamewell Co | Multivibrator |
| US3140434A (en) * | 1959-08-11 | 1964-07-07 | Ass Elect Ind | Bistable multivibrator controlled oscillating d.-c. motor |
| US3111626A (en) * | 1959-10-23 | 1963-11-19 | Nederlanden Staat | Gating circuit with stabilizing means at the voltage divider output tap of each multivibrator therein |
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