US2799000A - Wide-range saturable-reactor tube-firing circuit - Google Patents

Wide-range saturable-reactor tube-firing circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
US2799000A
US2799000A US386320A US38632053A US2799000A US 2799000 A US2799000 A US 2799000A US 386320 A US386320 A US 386320A US 38632053 A US38632053 A US 38632053A US 2799000 A US2799000 A US 2799000A
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Prior art keywords
phase
circuit
capacitor
saturable
reactor
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Expired - Lifetime
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US386320A
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English (en)
Inventor
Louis A Casanova
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Publication date
Priority to BE532527D priority Critical patent/BE532527A/xx
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric Corp filed Critical Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority to US386320A priority patent/US2799000A/en
Priority to FR1113404D priority patent/FR1113404A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2799000A publication Critical patent/US2799000A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/02—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of grid-control or igniter-control voltages for discharge tubes incorporated in static converters

Definitions

  • My invention relates toexcitation-means. for ignitron rectifiers orinverters, or'for othercontrolledtubes, and the special feature. of my invention is the provision of means for obtaining a sufiiciently wide range of phasedelays. of rectifier-tubes, or a sufficiently wide range of phase-advances of inverter-tubes, .to.
  • my invention relates to an all-electronic or allsta-tic control-means of the indicated range, specifically providing a phase-angle control-range of at least 100, and preferably at least 115.
  • my invention relates to ignitrons or other controlled tubes in which firing-capacitors are used, to discharge through saturable series reactors into an ignitor or other make-alive anode or control-circuit.
  • the firing-angles of such tubes may be varied over a phaseangle range of about 60, by means of a controllably saturable. phase-shifting reactor which is connected between the source of excitation-voltage and the firing-capacitor, without making it impossible to initiate the firing-operation of the tubes even when the excitation-voltage falls to approximately one-half of its normal value, meanwhile maintaining stability andan approximately constant voltage-regulation over the entire phase-shift range.
  • phase-shift range of 60 is not enough to eifect a complete loadcontrol from no-load tofull-load, as it is usually necessary to provide a phase-shift of anywhere from 100 to 115 in order to effect a complete load-change in tubecircuits of difi Schlt descriptions. It is conceivable that there may be some circuits which require a phase-shift control approaching. 180 or even more.
  • phase-shift control In order to obtain a rapidphase-shift control, while at the same time facilitating adaptation of the control-device to automatic regulation, it is desirable that as much as possible of this phase-shift control, namely 60, shall be. provided for by the above-mentioned controllably saturable phase-shifting reactors.
  • this phase-shift control When awider angle of phase-shift controlis needed, this has been provided heretofore by means of mechanically movable phaseshifters, which involve a significant amount of rotorinertia, and consequently involve a slight time-delay in rotating the rotor-members of these phase-shifters.
  • phase-shifting network or each one of said networks, if there are more than one, includes a parallelcapacitor and a parallel-connected saturable reactor, these two.
  • phase-shifting network is provided with a charging-circuit which serially includes its own controllably saturable phase-shifting reactor.
  • Means are provided for controlling the saturations of all of the. phase-shifting reactors, preferably by means of a single variable resistance, which can be either manually or automatically controlled, and this may be accomplished at a very high speed, from one extreme of the adjustment-range to the other.
  • an alternating-current system such as a three-phase system AC
  • a direct-current system DC having terminals
  • the second electric system as a DC system, it is to be understood that this second system could be either a direct-current system or an alternating-current system having a dilferent frequency than the system marked AC.
  • At least one of these systems should be an alternating-current system having a self-sustained frequency and having a normal voltage which is subject, at times, to voltage-fluctuations, and it is to be understood that the system marked AC is a power-line having such characteristics.
  • the power may be interchanged in either direction, between these two systems, depending upon the tube-control.
  • My conversion-apparatus is shown as a double threephase rectifier-system, using a main transformer MT, having a delta primary which is energized from the AC system, and having two star-connected secondary windings which provide the consecutive secondary phases numbered 1 to 6;
  • the star-points of the two secondary windings are connected by an interphase transformer IT, the midpoint of which is connected to the negative directcurrent load-terminal
  • the six secondary phases 1 to 6 aroused to energize the anodes of six ignitrontubes, of which'only two tubes are shown, namely the tubes T1" and"T4 which are connected to the diathe auxiliary bus XAC.
  • Each tube has a main anode A, a mercury or other vaporizable cathode C, and an ignitor or other makealive anode I, with suitable numericalsuffixes corresponding to the secondary phase-number.
  • the cathodes are all connected together in a common circuit which is the positive terminal of the DC load-circuit.
  • auxiliary transformer XT which energizes an auxiliary alternating-current bus XAC from the main alternatingcurrent power-line AC, transforming the power-line voltage from whatever value it may have, for example 6900 'volts, to some convenient standard auxiliary voltage, such as 230 volts.
  • excitation-transformer ET as having a delta primary winding which is energized from this auxiliary bus XAC, and as having a dog-leg or 'zig-zag connected secondary winding providing secondary or controlling-circuits which are being used in any particular case.
  • Each diametrically connected pair of tubes such as T1 and T4 is provided with a firing-capacitor Cr, which discharges through a serially connected, constantly saturable series reactor Xs, which is connected between one terminal 11 of the firing-capacitor CF and a circuit 12 which is in turn serially connected, through a positivewave contact-rectifier or other asymmetrically conducting device RS1, to the ignitor I1 of the first tube T1.
  • the other terminal of the firing-capacitor CF is indicated at 13, and this terminal is serially connected through a positive-wave rectifier RS4 to the ignitor I4 of the diametrically connected tube T4.
  • a shunt-connected circuit-device must be provided for completing the circuits for the two opposite-polarity currents which are drawn by the ignitors I1 and I4. In the illustrated system, this is done by means of shunt or parallel-connected negative-wave rectifiers Rm and Rm, which are connected between the cathode-bus and the circuits 12 and 13', respectively.
  • the usual firing-circuit contains not only the firing-capacitor CF and the saturable series reactor Xs, but also a controllably saturable phase-shifting reactor XPSl, which is serially connected between the terminal 11 of the firing-capacitor CF and a charging-circuit 14 for this capacitor.
  • the degree of saturation of the phase-shifting reactor XPSI is controlled by means of a direct-current saturating-coil 15.
  • the firing-circuit which is contained between the conductors 14-13 and the respective ignitors I1 and I4 is known, and it is known to be stable, and to maintain a fairly constant firing-voltage on the ignitors, throughout phase-angle changes of as much as 60, in a 60-cycle system.
  • the related magnitudes of the capacitive reactance of the firing-capacitor Crand the unsaturated inductive reactance of the series reactor Xs may easily be chosen, largely by empirical methods, so that the firing-operation of the tubes T1 and T4 will commence, even through the AC line-voltage should drop to 50% of its normal value. This condition is usually imposed, so that the rectifier will be able to start under low line-voltage conditions, with a generous margin of safety, under all operating-conditions.
  • phase-shifting networks which are serially connected between the excitation-transformer secondaryphase 14' and the firing-circuit input-terminals 14-13, respectively.
  • phase-shifting networks is and Rat, as is well known in the art.
  • phase-shifting networks capable of providing an extra 60 of phase-shift adjustment, in addition to the 60 which is provided by the firing-circuit.
  • most rectifying systems including the system which is illustrated, only one of these phase-shifting networks is needed, so as to give a total phase-angle adjustment of including the 60 of adjustment which is provided by the firing-circuit. It is to be understood, however, that if a wider phase-angle adjustment is needed, it is possible to serially add as many phase-shifting networks as may be needed, in order to secure the total overall range.
  • the illustrated phase-shifting network comprises a parallel capacitor CP and a parallel-connected, constantly saturable reactor XP, both of which are connected across the terminals 14 and 13, respectively.
  • the parallel-connected capacitor CP and reactor XP have an unsaturated circulating current which is several times, and preferably from five to eight times, the load-current which is drawn by the firing-circuit, more or. less. Probably never less than one-fourth of said circulating current would be withdrawn from the parallel-connected capacitor C2 and reactor Xp, to charge the firing-capacitor CF.
  • the phaseshifting network also includes a second controllably saturable phase-shifting reactor XPs2, which is serially connected between the circuit 14 and the secondary terminal 1' of the excitation-transformer ET.
  • the saturation of this phase-shifting reactor XPs2 is controlled by means of a direct-current saturating-coil 16.
  • the circuit 13 is connected to the secondary terminal 4' of the excitationtransformer ET.
  • the above-described apparatus makes it convenient to provide a single control, for controlling the two saturatis, in cases using more than one phase-shifting network in addition to the firing-circuit.
  • these two saturating-coils 15 and 16 are connected in series, and are energized with controllable direct-current by any suitable means, such as a battery-circuit represented by the terminals B+ and B-, and a serially connected rheostat or variable resistance 17, which can be controlled either manually or by means of an automatic regulator (not shown).
  • switching-means which is the ordinary means for varying a resistance such as 17, to vary the magnitude of the direct-current saturating-current from its full value to zero, or vice versa, with practically no time-lag, and hence it is possible to change the ignition phase-angle of the controlled rectifier-tubes T1 and T4 with speeds of response which rival or exceed the speeds which are obtainable with motor-generator sets.
  • the performance of such circuits is largely unpredictable, and must be empirically determined, and the design-constants must be largely determined, or at least checked, by test. It has been found that the illustrated circuit operates in the manner which has been described.
  • ignitor-tubes T1 and T4 could have been replaced by other types of tubes, each tube having a main anode and-cathode circuit and a control-circuit. It will also be understood that these tubes,
  • control-element of the tube T1 does not need to be an ignitor I1 or other make-alive element; but if it is-an ignitor, it should be protected against the negative portions of ,the controlvoltage, as by the contact-rectifiers such as Rsr, R54, Rm
  • the so-called firing-capacitor Cri a parallel-connected capacitor, which is connected in parallel-circuit relation across theterminals of the impressed single-phase control-source. It will further be noted'that the .so-called series reactor Xs is actually connected in a parallel circuit, Xs"Rs1-I1C1RP4, across the terminals 12, 13 of theparallel-connected capacitor Cr, and that nearly all of thevoltage-drop in this parallel circuit occurs in the substantially constantly saturable reactor Xs.
  • th control-circuit I1-C1 of the tube T1 could be supplied or energized in any way from the output-side of the phase-shifting network which is made up by a controllably saturable reactor XPS1, in the energizing-circuit for a parallel-connected capacitor CF and constantly saturable reactor Xs.
  • I thus use two (or more) similar, serially connected, phase-shifting networks, XPS2CPXP, and XPS1CF-XS-
  • the controllably saturable reactor controls the phase-lag which must occur, in each half-cycle, before the capacitor reaches the instantaneous voltage-value necessary to saturate the constantly saturable reactor, and that the constantly saturable reactor thereafter holds or regulates the capacitor-voltage at approximately this value, until near the end of that half-cycle.
  • a conversion apparatus for interchanging electric energy between two different electric systems, at least one of said systems being an alternating current system, said apparatus comprising at least one tube having a main anode-cathode circuit and a control circuit, main circuit connections for connecting the main anode-cathode circuit of each tube between the systems for energy interchange therebetween, excitation means for obtaining an alternating current excitation voltage from said alternating current system, a plurality of serially connected phase shifting networks, serially connected between said excitation means and the control circuit of each tube, each phase shifting network including a capacitor and a substantially constantly saturable reactor connected in parallel across the capacitor, each phase shifting network also having a charging circuit which serially includes a controllably saturable phase shifting reactor for charging its capacitor, and means for controlling the saturations of all of the phase shifting reactors.
  • a conversion apparatus for interchanging electric energy between two different electric systems, at least one of said systems being an alternating current system, said apparatus comprising at least one tube having a main anode-cathode circuit and a control circuit, main circuit connections for connecting the main anode-cathode circuit of each tube between the systems for energy interchange therebetween, control circuit means including a capacitor and a saturable series reactor connected between said capacitor and the control circuit of each of said tubes in a circuit extending in parallel across said capacitor, said control circuit means also including a charging circuit which serially includes a controllably saturable phase sifting reactor for charging said capacitor, excitatation means for obtaining an alternating current excitation voltage from said alternating current system, at least one phase shifting network serially connected between said excitation means and said control circuit means, each phase shifting network including a parallel-connected capacitor and a substantially constantly saturable reactor connected in a circuit extending in parallel across the associated capacitor, each phase shifting network having a charging circuit which serially includes a controllably satur
  • a conversion apparatus for interchanging electric energy between two different electric systems, at least one of said systems being an alternating current system, said apparatus comprising at least one tube having a main anode-cathode circuit and a control circuit, main circuit connections for connecting the main anode-cathode circuit of each tube between the systems for energy interchange therebetween, control circuit means including a capacitor and a saturable series reactor connected between said capacitor and the control circuit of each of said tubes in a circuit extending in parallel across said capacitor, said control circuit means also including a charging circuit which serially includes a controllably saturable phase shifting reactor for charging said capacitor, excitation means for obtaining an alternating current excitation voltage from said alternating current system, at least one phase shifting network serially connected between said excitation means and said control circuit means, each phase shifting network including a parallel-connected capacitor and a substantially constantly saturable reactor connected in a circuit extending in parallel across the associated capacitor, each phase shifting network having a charging circuit which serially includes a controllably saturable phase shifting reactor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)
US386320A 1953-10-15 1953-10-15 Wide-range saturable-reactor tube-firing circuit Expired - Lifetime US2799000A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE532527D BE532527A (en, 2012) 1953-10-15
US386320A US2799000A (en) 1953-10-15 1953-10-15 Wide-range saturable-reactor tube-firing circuit
FR1113404D FR1113404A (fr) 1953-10-15 1954-10-14 Circuit d'amorçage de tubes à réactances saturables, à gamme étendue de réglage

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US386320A US2799000A (en) 1953-10-15 1953-10-15 Wide-range saturable-reactor tube-firing circuit

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BE (1) BE532527A (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR1113404A (en, 2012)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3404327A (en) * 1958-12-16 1968-10-01 Gen Electric Conversion systems comprising scr's with gate control arrangements

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2266714A (en) * 1940-12-05 1941-12-16 Gen Electric Electric valve control circuits
US2318091A (en) * 1941-08-05 1943-05-04 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Vapor-electric device
US2349633A (en) * 1943-01-23 1944-05-23 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Vapor electric device
US2351062A (en) * 1942-05-30 1944-06-13 Gen Electric Electric valve circuits
US2397089A (en) * 1942-08-08 1946-03-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp Vapor-electric system
US2534899A (en) * 1949-06-30 1950-12-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Vapor electric device
US2550115A (en) * 1946-10-12 1951-04-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Regulating system
US2568391A (en) * 1946-10-12 1951-09-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp Regulating system
US2572648A (en) * 1949-08-04 1951-10-23 Gen Electric Electric valve translating system

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2266714A (en) * 1940-12-05 1941-12-16 Gen Electric Electric valve control circuits
US2318091A (en) * 1941-08-05 1943-05-04 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Vapor-electric device
US2351062A (en) * 1942-05-30 1944-06-13 Gen Electric Electric valve circuits
US2397089A (en) * 1942-08-08 1946-03-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp Vapor-electric system
US2349633A (en) * 1943-01-23 1944-05-23 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Vapor electric device
US2550115A (en) * 1946-10-12 1951-04-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Regulating system
US2568391A (en) * 1946-10-12 1951-09-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp Regulating system
US2534899A (en) * 1949-06-30 1950-12-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Vapor electric device
US2572648A (en) * 1949-08-04 1951-10-23 Gen Electric Electric valve translating system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3404327A (en) * 1958-12-16 1968-10-01 Gen Electric Conversion systems comprising scr's with gate control arrangements

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FR1113404A (fr) 1956-03-29
BE532527A (en, 2012)

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