US2796578A - Vibrator with multiple voltageoperating coil - Google Patents

Description

June 18, 1957 R. E. BARNES 2,796,578

VIBRATOR WITH MULTIPLE VOLTAGE OPERATING COIL.

Filed March 51, 1953 //VPl/7 0 +5 dc 41 4 (no connecfion) IN V EN TOR.

Fakr/ Lffiarnzs 14 TTORNEY United tes atent 2,796,578 Patented June 18, 1957 VIBRATOR WITH MUL HPLE VGLTAGE- OPERATING CGKL Robert E. Barnes, Indianapolis, Ind, assignor to P. R. Mallory & Co., lino, lndianapoiis, lath, corpsration of Delaware Application March 31, 1953, Serial in. 345,865

6 Claims. or. sat-4a;

This invention relates generally'to electrical translating apparatus or vibrators and has particular reference to such means and methods including translating apparatus for transferring energy between direct and alternating current circuits.

The basic vibrator mechanism as illustrated, for example, in the patent to C. Huetten, issued August 5, 1952,. U. S. No. 2,606,259, is an assembly of five principal parts comprising: a heavy rigid frame; an electromagnetic driver coil usually fixed at one end of the heavy rigid frame; a flexible reed or armature, one end of which is rigidly positioned or fastened to the end of the frame opposite the driver coil; and one or more con tact carrying members attached to each side of the reed member.

A type ofelectromagnetic actuating or driving system used in vibrators is known. as the shunt-coil system, so called because .of the manner in which the coil'is energizedv and de-e nergized from the supply battery circuit. In the shunt-coil type, the electromagnetic driving coil may have one end of its winding grounded to the frame of the vibrator mechanism, which may be in turn connectedeither to the reed or contact carrying arm. The other end of its winding is connected to the insulated semi-fixed contact-carrying member on the pull interrupter side of the reed. Thus, when the reed is pulled by the magnetic attraction of the energized coil, the contacts close and the coil is shorted electrically. This allows the magnetic flux to collapse, which releases the pull? on the reed. The energy stored in the deflected reed causes a reverse swing of the reedthrough the neutral position and beyond where the opposite pair of contacts are then closed. Since this action is'caused by the inertia of the moving reed, this latter pair of contacts is referred to as the inertia interrupter contacts. During the inertia swing of the reed, the current in the coil has been increasing so that, by the time the inertia contacts have opened, sufficient magnetic pull has been established to impart a large pulse of energy to the moving reed as it approaches the pole piece of the coil. The cycle is then repeated.

The shunt-coil type of unit is characterized by the fact that all of the contacts are separated when at rest, and all of the contacts are power-handling contacts. It will be noted that the coil is so connected that oneh'alf of the transformer primary is in series with it and its associated battery. The driving coil resistance is much greater than that of the transformer coil in series withit (as much as 500 times as great) so that practically all of the-battery voltage is across the coil when the unit is being started. After the unit has started, the counter E. M. F. generated in the series transformer primary coil when the inertia contacts are closed is added to the battery voltage'to aid in driving the unit. Thus, after starting, a unit operating from a 6-volt battery will have almost 12 volts driving the operating coil. On vibrators for use at a single input voltage, the shuntcoil connections are made internally. However, where it is desired to operate the vibrator at more than one input voltage (such as for both 6- and 12-volt service), the coil lead normally connected to the pull-interrupter contact can be brought to a base pin for external. connection, eitherdirectly or through a dropping resistor, to the pull-interrupter socket connection.

In many applications it is desired .to provide a single vibrator which may serve as a replacement or be used interchangeably in several vibrator power supplies of different voltages. Shunt driven vibrators for such applications often have the coil lead brought out to a separate pin on the vibrator plug. It is then customary practice to make the coil connection to the pull interrupter contact in the vibrator socket of each power supply. It the power supply voltage is suitable for the vibrator coil, the connection is made directly through a jumper wire. If the power supply voltage is too high to be suitable for the vibrator coil, then the connection was to be one of a series of resistors outside the vibrator, per se, as by means of switches so that the voltage applied to the coil is dropped to a desired standard level regardless of the input voltage to the circuit.

A fixed value of resistance must be chosen in the above system for each power supply type and voltage design. Once a value of resistance is chosen it cannot easily be changed since packs in service would have to be modified. If the value of the resistor has been chosen based on one mechanism or carelessly chosen, manufacturers will encounter diificulty in using competitive or new vibrator mechanisms for the application, due to differences in driving power required and physical limitations of the coil bobbin. In certain cases this may make it difiicult or impossible to design a suitable con ventional' coil for the application.

An example is the case of using a vibrator for both 6 and 12 volt input voltages. In this case a 6-volt vibrator would be used and when operated on 12 volts a resistor would be placed in series with the coil, said resistor having a value approximately equal to the resistance of the coil. The necessity for the present in vention occurs because the coil resistance of the same voltage vibrator varies among the various vibrator manufacturers.

For instance, 6-volt vibrators are manufactured whose coils vary in resistance from 27 ohms to as high as 60 ohms. Thus, if the power supply designer has designed around a 6-volt vibrator using a 60 ohm coil, he would select a 60 ohm resistor to be used in series for 12-volt operation. It is also evident that if a 6-volt vibrator having a 27 ohm coil were used in this same circuit, satisfactory operation could not be obtained at 12 volts input. 1 Itwas because of this type of condition wherein thepower supply hasalready been designed and the external resistor fixed in value that it became necessary to develop the coil structure as described in the subject invention. It is evident too that the resistor is a fixed part of the power supply and not of the vibrator and that the choice of whether the vibrator is to be used with the resistor at high voltage or directly connected at low voltage is up to the user and not to the manufacturer of the vibrator.

The present invention meets the foregoing problems. This invention comprises amongother novel features a coil whichconsists of two windings. These coils are wound and connected so that their magnetic fields will add. The construction is arranged so that the start of the firstwinding i's'connected to the reed. A lead is connectedto the junction between finish of the first winding and the start of the second winding. This lead is brought out to the separate pin provided for the lead.

Connection to the pull interrupter contact is made through the jumper or dropping resistor in the vibrator socket, as the case may be. A lead is also connected to the finish of the second winding. This lead is connected directly to the pull interrupter contact.

It is, therefore, a prime object of the present invention to provide a novel interrupter device wherein the coil thereof may be advantageously used in multiple voltage circuits.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a novel interrupting device which may serve as a replacement or be used interchangeably with several power supplies having different voltage values.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide in an interrupter device for transferring direct current voltage to alternating current voltage and vice versa, a multiple voltage driver coil mechanism which allows the operation of said interrupter device in places of varying voltage value and at optimum efiiciency.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a novel interrupter device for transforming D. C. to A. C. or A. C. to D. C. as adapted for use in circuits having varying values of voltage.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide in an interrupter device for transferring D. C. to A. C. a novel multiple driving coil which is used to adapt the said device for use in circuits having varying values of voltages and as desired.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a multiple voltage type of vibrator having a coil adapting the same for use under different voltage conditions and values.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide an economical, practical and improved novel vibrator for use in varying voltage situations, said vibrator being fabricated of a minimum of parts and components and adapted to operate at an optimum efiiciency.

The invention, in another of its aspects, relates to novel features of the instrumentalities described herein for teaching the principal object of the invention and to the novel principles employed in the instrumentalities whether or not these features and principles may be used in the said object and/or in the said field.

Other objects of the invention and the nature thereof will become apparent from the following description considered in connection with the accompanying figures of the drawing and wherein like reference characters describe elements of similar function therein and wherein the scope of the invention is determined rather from the dependent claims.

Referring now to the figures of the drawing:

Fig. l is an electrical circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention showing a shunt-driven vibrator including the novel multiple voltage driving vibrator coil; and

Fig. 2 is an illustration of a typical circuit of a plug of such a vibrator showing the wiring of a self-rectifying type of shunt-driven vibrator including the invention of the multiple voltage vibrator driving coil.

Generally speaking, the present invention is directed toward providing in a single vibrator driver coil means which may adapt the same for interchangeable use in electrical circuits which have different voltage ratings and obviates the necessity for modifying the component parts of the mechanism so as to adapt the same interchangeably wherever necessary in accordance with the aforesaid voltage requirements. In essence, the driver coil of the interrupter is constructed with multiple windings, the turns of which are so related as to provide when necessary an additive magnetic flux relationship.

As shown in Figs. l and 2, Where reference numerals 1 to 7 refer to terminal pins for the vibrator, driving coil 10 of vibrator 11 comprises two coils 12 and 13 interconnected by junction 14. A resistance 15 having termini 16 and 17 is placed in series with coil 12 but in parallel with coil 13. Termini or ends 17 and 18 of resistor 15 and coil 13 respectively are connected by means of a conductor 20 to pull contact 21 of the vibrator and on the other side to the primary coil 30 of output transformer 31. End 32 of the first coil 12 of the driver coil 10 is placed in series with and connected to reed 33 of the vibrator. The reed 34 itself is connected in series with voltage input terminal 37 by means of conductor 38. The other input voltage terminal 41 is tapped into the primary 30 at substantially the midpoint thereof and is connected thereto by means of lead or terminal 43.

The electrical circuit arrangement is shown in Fig. 1 above. A typical circuit showing the wiring of a selfrectifying type vibrator is shown in Fig. 2. It should be understood that this invention may be applied to any vibrator using shunt drive, whether of the interrupter or self-rectifying type.

This invention may be made by making each winding in separate layers or both coils may be interwound in bifilar fashion. Wire size and turns are determined for each application according to design requirements as Well known by those skilled in the art.

The construction and operation of this invention will be considered under two conditions. First, suppose R: shown in Fig. 1 is zero (Rr=0). This is the approximate case which exists when a jumper wire is used. In this case the second winding is shorted out and only the first winding is operative. The vibrator will operate normally if the first winding has been designed for good operation under this condition.

In the second case it should be assumed that the resistor has some finite value greater than zero. The actual values of R1 will usually already be determined by the various applications. In this case R1 may be too large to allow the first winding to develop enough mag netic field for satisfactory operation of the vibrator. It will be noted that the second winding is in parallel with Rr- This means the voltage dropped across R1 is also applied to the second winding. A current will, therefore, pass through the second winding which will add to the magnetic field of the first winding because of the way each coil is wound. In addition, the magnetic field of the first winding is increased since the current flowing through this winding is the combined currents flowing through Rr and the second winding. It has been found that careful design of the second winding in conjunction with the first winding will allow the designer considerably more latitude in a multiple voltage vibrator coil design than in a conventional coil.

In general, the reactive effects of most shunt drive vibrators may be neglected, in considering coil design ampere turns. Formula A will usually give a good approximation of average ampere turns for a conventional coil:

ETW,

IN R

where According to the teachings of the present invention,

Formula A may be extended to Formula B as below:

. where I Rr=voltage dropping resistor. R1=resistance of first coil winding. Rz=resistance of the second coil Winding. T1=turns of the first coil winding. T 2=turns of the second coil winding.

The novel vibrator including a multiple voltage coil, as described above, is merely illustrative and not exhaustive in scope andsince many widely different embodiments of the invention may be-madewithout departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description and shown in the accompanying drawing shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

What is claimed is:

1. An electromagnetic interrupter having input terminals to which a source of direct current voltage is adapted to be connected comprising incombination, an armature reed, one of said terminals being connected to said reed, a reed contact, a driver coil for actuating said reed having a predetermined number of turns, a pull contact for said vibrator, a resistance connected to said pull contact, said resistance being connected to electrically parallel some turns of said driver coil, a center tapped primary Winding of an output transformer having a pair of terminals, an inertia contact, one of said latter pair of terminals being connected electrically to said resistor and to said driver coil, with the other of said latter terminals being connected to said inertia contact, said center tap of said primary winding of said output transformer being connected to said other of said input voltage terminals, whereby said interrupter is adapted to operate on voltages of varying input values without necessitating modification of the components of the interrupter inasmuch as the necessary electrical adjustments are made therein automatically by varying the electrical resistances in the circuit.

2. An electromagnetic interrupter having input terminals to which a source of direct current voltage is adapted to be connected comprising in combination, an armature reed, one of said input terminals being connected to said reed, a reed contact, a driver coil for actuating said reed including a pair of windings, each having a predetermined number of turns, a pull contact for said vibrator, a resistance connected to said pull contact, said resistance being placed in parallel to one of said driver coil windings, a center tapped primary winding of an output trans former having a pair of terminals, an inertia contact placed adjacent to said reed opposite said pull contact, one of said latter pair of terminals being connected electrically to said resistor and to said one winding of said driver coil, said center tap of said output transformer being connected to said other of said input voltage terminals, whereby said interrupter is adapted to operate on voltages of varying input values without necessitating modification of the components of the interrupter inasmuch as .the necessary electrical adjustments are made therein automatically by varying the electrical resistances in the circuit.

3. An electromagnetic interrupter having input terminals to which a source of direct current voltage is adapted to be connected comprising in combination, an armature reed, one of said input terminals being connected to said reed, a reed contact, a driver coil for actuating said reed including a pair of bifilar windings, each having a predetermined number of turns, a pull contact for said vibrator placed adjacent said reed, a resistance connected to said pull contact, said resistance being placed in parallel to one of said windings and being in series with the other of said windings, a center tapped primary winding of an output transformer having a pair of terminals, an inertia contact placed adjacent to said reed opposite said pull contact, one of said latter pair of terminals being connected electrically to said resistor and to said one winding of said driver coil, with the other of said latter termi- B nals -beingdirectly connected -to said inertia contact, said center tap-of said-primaryoutput transformer-being connected to said other of said input voltage terminals whereby said interrupter is adapted to operate on voltages of varying input values without necessitating modification of the components of the interrupter inasmuch as the necessary electrical adjustments are made therein automatically by varying the electrical resistances in the circuit.

4. An electromagnetic interrupter having input terminals to which a source of direct current voltage is connected comprising in combination, an armature reed, one of said terminals being connected to said reed, a reed contact, a driver coil for actuating said reed includinga pair of interconnected windings, each havinga predetermined number of turns, said turns being wound in such wise that the magnetic fieldstinduced in each coil arein aiding relationship, a pull contact for said vibrator placed adjacent. said reed,- a resistance connected. to said pull contact, saidlresistance being placedin'parallel to one of saidwindings andbeing. in series with the other of .said windings, a center tapped primary winding of an output transformer having a pair of terminals, an inertia contact placed adjacent to said reed opposite said pull contact, one of said latter pair of terminals being connected electrically to said resistor and to said one winding of said driver coil, with the other of said latter terminals being directly connected to said inertia contact, said center tap of said primary output transformer being connected to said other of said input voltage terminals, whereby said interrupter is adapted to operate on voltages of varying input values without necessitating modification of the components of the interrupter inasmuch as the necessary electrical adjustments are made therein automatically by varying the electrical resistances in the circuit.

5. An electromagnetic interrupter having input terminals to which a source of direct current voltage is adapted to be connected comprising in combination, an armature reed, one of said input terminals being connected to said reed, a reed contact, a driver coil for actuating said reed including a pair of windings, each having a number of average ampere turns, determined according to the following formula:

where Rr=voltage dropping resistor. R1=resistance of first coil winding. R2=resistance of second coil winding. T1=turns of the first coil winding.

T z=turns of the second coil winding.

a pull contact for said vibrator, a resistance connected to said pull contact, said resistance being placed in parallel to one of said driver coil windings, a center tapped primary winding of an output transformer having a pair of terminals, an inertia contact placed adjacent to said reed opposite said pull contact, one of said latter pair of terminals being connected electrically to said resistor and to said one winding of said driver coil, said center tap of said primary alternating current output transformer being connected to said other of said input voltage terminals, whereby said interrupter is adapted to operate on voltages of varying input values without necessitating modification of the components of the interrupter inasmuch as the necessary electrical adjustments are made therein automatically by varying the electrical resistances in the circuit.

6. An electromagnetic interrupter having input terminals to which a source of direct current voltage is adapted to be connected comprising in combination, an armature reed, one of said input terminals being connected to said reed, a reed contact, a driver coil for actuating said reed 7, '8 including a pair of windings, each having a definite numna ls, an inertia contact placed adjacent to said reed oppober of average ampere turns, developed according to the site said pull contact, one of said latter pair of terminals formula: being connected electrically to said resistor and to said ET! ETZR, one winding of said driver coil, said center tap of said IN -l-m w, 5 primary alternating current output transformer being 2 1 connected to said other of said input voltage terminals, R TRZ whereby said interrupter is adapted to operate on voltages R,+R2 of varying input values without necessitating modification where of the components of the interrupter inasmuch as the 10 necessary electrical adjustments are made therein automatically by varying the electrical resistances in the circuit.

Rr=voltage dropping resistance. R1=resistance of first coil winding. R2=resistance of second coil winding.

T1=turns of the first coil winding. References Cited in the file of this patent T2=turns of the second coil winding, 15 UNITED STATES PATENTS a pull contact for said vibrator, a resistance connected to 2 286 847 Gal-smug June 16 1942 said pull contact, said resistance being placed in parallel with one of said coil windings andin series to the other FOREIGN PATENTS one of said driver coil windings, a center tapped primary 93,918 Switzerland Apr. 1, 1922 winding of an output transformer having a pair of termi- 20

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