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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
  • C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
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  • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
  • C10M135/12—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
  • C10M135/14—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond
  • C10M135/18—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond thiocarbamic type, e.g. containing the groups
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  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
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  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
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  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2215/044—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having cycloaliphatic groups
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
  • C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
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  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2215/066—Arylene diamines
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2215/067—Polyaryl amine alkanes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M2215/221—Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
  • C10M2215/226—Morpholines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/26—Amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/30—Heterocyclic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
  • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
  • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
  • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
  • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
  • C10M2219/068—Thiocarbamate metal salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
  • C10N2040/13—Aircraft turbines

Definitions

• This invention relates to novel lubricating compositions, particularly those suitable for lubricating solid surfaces at high temperatures. More specifically, the present invention pertains to new and improved high-temperature lubricating oil compositions which are suitable for lubricating aircraft gas turbine engines and other equipment normally operated at extremely high temperatures.
• Lubricants such as mineral oils as well as synthetic oils of the chlorinated hydrocarbon, silicone, organophosphorus, silicate ester, polyglycol, and diester types, which may or may not contain inhibiting or improving agents, have not proved to be entirely satisfactory for the protection for, example, of bearing surfaces at the temperatures encountered in aircraft gas turbine engines, or of other relatively moving solid surfaces operating at or subjected to Very high temperatures and pressures.
• these lubricants lack one or more of the following properties: desired load-carrying properties, good oxidation and thermal stability, resistance to hydrolysis, good pumpability properties, and low oil consumption characteristics.
• the silicones and silicates have the disadvantage of being poor wear inhibitors.
• esters and polyglycols are deficient in regard to thermal and hydrolytic stability; while the chlorinated hydrocarbons and phosphorus compounds, in addition to these defects, are generally corrosive.
• Mineral oils or even synthetic hydrocarbon oilsdesigned for high-temperature lubrication such as the 1010 and 1100 grade oils which are described in the April 1954 issue of Lubrication are also deficient because they are too viscous for engine starting at low temperatures; at high temperatures normally encountered in jet engines they are excessively volatile, provide at best marginal lubricating, tend to sludge and decompose, and are not susceptible to inhibition by known additive agents. Additionally, it has been found that at elevated temperatures the effect of oxidation inhibitors and thermal stabilizers on base lubricants cannot be predicted from results at ordinary temperatures. Thus, at elevated temperatures it has been observed that known inhibitors such as alkyl phenols, organic phosphorus compounds, organic sulfides,
• the hydrocarbon base oil should be aromatic-free and consist essentially or wholly of isoparaffins having a molecular weight of at least 350 and a pour point of at least 40 F.
• Oils of this type can be prepared by any suitable means, of which the preferred process is the production of isoparaflinic oils by isomerization of paraffin wax as described in U. S. Patents 2,668,866 and 2,668,790, as well as by any other suitable methods.
• the waxes from which the aromatic-free isoparaffinic lubricating oil are prepared can be any normally solid hydrocarbon Wax.
• the wax will usually be derived from natural mineral sources such as petroleum oil shale, oil from tar sands, gilsonite, ozokerite, or the like, but synthetic wax produced by the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis or as a by-product of other processes may also be isomerized.
• the process may be applied for the isomerization of crude so-called slack wax, or to so-called residue wax. While the various waxes differ somewhat in properties, e. g., melting point and hardness, they are all composed of hydrocarbons containing paraflin chains.
• the chains may be slightly branched and in some the chains may be attached to naphthenic or aromatic groups. Olefinic groups are rarely present; when present they do not affect the operation of the process. In any case, the paraflin chain of the wax molecules can be isomerized to give a product having a more highly branched structure.
• the paraflin wax is isomerized in the vapor, liquid, or trickle phase in the presence of platinum, palladium, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum oxide or sulfide catalyst, or the molybdenum may be in part or even completely substituted by other group VI metals, i. e., chromium, tungsten, uranium, or by manganese or vanadium, and on suitable carriers or supports such as alumina, activated bauxite, and the like.
• the isomerization should be carried out at an elevated temperature of at least 300 C. and may be as high as 600 C. or higher and in the presence of a large amount of hydrogen.
• the mole ratio of hydrogen to hydrocarbon should be at least 1 and preferably above 5 and may be much higher such as 10, 20, 30 and 60. However, in practical operation, the ratio will rarely exceed 30.
• the operation may be carried out under reduced pressure, at atmospheric pressure, or at considerably elevated pressures. Pressures between about 10 and 5000 p. s. i. g. are suitable, pressures of the order of 300-1000 p. s. i. g. being generally preferred when using platinum, palladium, or nickel catalysts, while pressures of 1050 p. s. i. g. are preferred when using molybdenum or group VI metals as catalyst.
• the aromatics must be completely removed and this can be done by any suitable means such as chemical (acid) treatment, solvent extraction, solid adsorption, or a combination of steps such as first solvent treating the oil to remove a portion of the aromatics and then treating Patented Junec4, 1957,
• the oil with solid adsorbents such as silica or silicaalumina gels or activated carbon in order to remove all of the aromatics and substantially the naphthenes, so that the end product is essentially isoparafiinic in character.
• the lubricating oil Prior to or after the dearomatization treatment, the lubricating oil may be fractionated to remove the volatile, the
• Example I A parafiinic wax having the following properties was isomerized: 7
• Space velocity is defined as the volume of wax processes per volume of catalyst per hour.
• silica gel the gel-to-oil ratio beingabout 8:1.
• Example H A wax having the properties shown in Example I was isomerized and refined under the same conditions but at a space velocity of 6.8 and a hydrogen-to-feed mole ratio of 30 to 1. Also, in the fractionation step, the solvent used was methyl isobutylketone in the ratio of solvent to oil of 10:1. The end product was an aromatic-free isoparafiinic oil having a pour point ofaround '5-5 'F.
• Example I The end product had a pour point below 40 F., viscosity index of around 136, and less than 10% volatility loss as determined by the ASTM method.
• the isoparaffinic base oils have been found to be thermally and oxidation stable, particularly at extremely high temperatures in the order of 400 F. and higher, by addi-- tion thereto of a minoramount of less than 1% and up to about 10%, and preferably between about 0.1% and about 4%, by weight of oil-soluble zinc, cadmium, and/ or lead salts of a N- or N,N-hydrocarbyl substituted thiocarbamic acid, the acid portion of which can'be represented by the formula:
• R1 can be a hydrocarbyl radical such as alkyl, aralkyl, alkaryl, cycloalkyl
• R2 can be the ,same or-difler ent hydrocarbyl radical from R1 or it can be hydrogen
• X1 and X2 are oxygen orsulfur, atleast one X being sulfur. It is desirable that both R radicals, are alkyl radicals of from 4 to 16 carbon atoms in which the alkylradicals can be of same or different chain length and structure,.and it is preferred that the R s are C4-C12 isoalkylradicals of the same chain length but difierent structure.
• These zinc, cadmium, and/ or lead salts can be prepared by any suitable means such as by reacting an amine or mixtures of amines with COS-or CS2 and caustic-alkali and formingthe desired cadmium, zinc or lead salt-therefrom by double decomposition.
• zinc, cadmium, or lead thiocarbamates include zinc, cadmium, or lead dipropyl mono and dithiocarbamate, dibutyl mono and-dithiocarbamate, diamyl mono and dithiocarbamate, dihexyl mono and dithiocarbamate dioctyl mono and dithiocarbamate,.
• the amines which are,par'- ticularly preferred are phenyl alpha-naphthylamine and phenyl-beta-naphthylamine. These additives, .whenused, are used in amounts of fromabout 0.01% to about 2% by weight, based on'the total composition.-
• compositions identified below were subjected .to (1) 'the 'MIL-L-7808 oxidation corrosion test, described in Scientific Lubrica-.
• compositions of this invention can be further improved by addition thereto of minor amounts (0.011%) of corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure and anti-wear agents, and mixtures thereof.
• a lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an aromatic-free essentially isoparaflinic lubricating oil obtained by isomerizing a paraffin wax in the presence of hydrogen and an isomerizing catalyst at a temperature between about 300 C. and 550 C. and thereafter dearomatizing the oil and incorporating therein a minor, but oxidation-stabilizing amount, of an oilsoluble cadmium salt of a thiocarbamic acid.
• a lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an aromatic-free essentially isoparafiinic lubricating oil obtained by isomerizing a paraffin wax in the presence of hydrogen and an isomerizing catalyst at a temperature between about 300 C. and 550 C. and thereafter dearomatizing the oil and incorporating therein a minor, but oxidation-stabilizing amount, of an oilsoluble cadmium salt of an N-alkyl-substituted thiocarbamic acid.
• a lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an aromatic-free essentially isoparatfnic lubricating oil obtained by isomerizing a parafiin wax in the presence of hydrogen and an isomerizing catalyst at a temperature between about 300 C. and 550 C. and thereafter dearomatizing the oil and incorporating therein a minor, but oxidation-stabilizing amount, of an oilsoluble cadmium salt of an N,N-alkyl-substituted thiocarbamic acid.
• a lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an aromatic-free essentially isoparaflinic lubricating oil obtained by isomerizing a paraflin wax in the presence of hydrogen and an isomerizing catalyst at a temperature between about 300 C. and 550 C. and thereafter dearomatizing the oil and incorporating therein a minor, but oxidation-stabilizing amount, of an oilsoluble cadmium salt of an N,N-'alkyl-substituted thiocarbamic acid in which the two alkyl groups are dissimilar.
• a lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an aromatic-free essentially isoparafiinic lubricating oil obtained by isornen'zing a paraifin wax in the presence of hydrogen and an isomerizing catalyst at a temperature between about 300 C. and 550 C, and thereafter dearomatizing the oil and incorporating therein a minor, but oxidation-stabilizing amount, of an oilsoluble cadmium salt of an N,N-alkyl-substituted thiocarbamic acid in which the two 'alkyl radicals are of the same chain length but are of different structure.
• composition of claim 5 wherein the isomerization is carried out in the vapor phase with at least 1 mole of hydrogen per mole of wax in the presence of a platinum containing catalyst and the cadmium salt is cadmium diamyl dithiocarbamate.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

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• 0
  • BE BE545478D patent/BE545478A/xx unknown
  • NL NL204816D patent/NL204816A/xx unknown
  • NL NL100159D patent/NL100159C/xx active
• 1955
  • 1955-02-25 US US490676A patent/US2794781A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1956
  • 1956-02-23 DE DEN11882A patent/DE1041622B/de active Pending
  • 1956-02-23 FR FR1153090D patent/FR1153090A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1956-02-23 GB GB5621/56A patent/GB783158A/en not_active Expired

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