US2790256A

US2790256A - Tractor shovel

Info

Publication number: US2790256A
Application number: US438010A
Authority: US
Inventors: Ralph L Beyerstedt
Original assignee: Frank G Hough Co
Current assignee: Frank G Hough Co
Priority date: 1954-06-21
Filing date: 1954-06-21
Publication date: 1957-04-30
Anticipated expiration: 1974-04-30

Description

, April 30,1957 R. L. BEYl-:RSTEDT 2,790,256

l TRACTOR sHovEL Filed June 21, 1954 3 She'ets-Sheet 1 IN VEN TOR.

April 30, 1957 R. BEYERSTEDT TRACTOR SHOVEL 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 21, 1954 y@ Mggiigzzff GD v April 30, 1957 R. BEYERSTEDT TRACTOR lsHovEx.

3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed June 21, 1954' IN V EN TOR. PQQUJY Jefa zed @d c)Y F TRACTOR SHVEL Ralph L. VBeyerstedt, Libertyville, Ill., assignor to The FrankG. Hough Co., a corporation of iiiinois Application June 21, 1954i, Serial No. 438,016

4 Claims. (Cl. 37117.5)

This invention relates generally to front end loaders,

and *more specifically to an improved loader capable of positive and efficient digging throughout a wide range at, above, and below the level of the loader, carrying, high and low level dumping, back filling, bulldozing and spreading of any materials commonly worked by a front end loader.

Many loaders are known in the present state of the art which are so arranged as to positively and efficiently perform the functions of digging, carrying and dumping. However, as the front end loader has become a more widely used machine, it has become necessary that the loader perform additional functions. Further these additional functions must be performed Without affecting the digging, carrying and dumping qualities of the loader.

Specifically, it is an object of the present invention to provide a front end loader arrangement which will not only positively and efficiently dig, carry, bulldoze and dump, but will also positively and efficiently perform the functions of back filling and spreading. Some loaders in the prior art have been capable of back filling and spreading in addition to the standard functions. However, this has been done with the positioning of the cutting edge of the bucket in the dig position. This has resulted in extremely poor back filling and spreading, mainly for the reason that the cutting edge of the bucket tends to bite downward into the material. Thus spreading is either practically impossible or results in a spread of the material having a washboard effect.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a front end loader which in addition to the enumerated functions, will also permit digging below the level of the prime mover. v

It is a feature of the present invention that the bucket of the loader is always under the positive control of the loader operator.

Other objects and features of the present invention will be apparent upon a perusal of the following specification and drawings of which:

Figure l is a top plan view of a loader constructed according to the present invention;

Figure 2 is a side plan view of the loader shown in Figure 1 with the bucket in the dig position and showing, in dotted lines, the bucket in one carrying or tippedback position;

Figure 3 is a sideplan view of the invention with the` bucket shown in the high lift carrying position and with the bucket shown in the dig position below the level of the prime mover or tractor in dotted lines; and

Figure 4 is a side plan view with the bucket shown in the back filling or spreading position and with the bucket shown in the high lift dump position in dotted lines.

The present embodiment is the preferred embodiment but it is to be understood that changes can be made in the present embodiment by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scopeof this invention.

Generally, the invention comprises a tractor havy ing a bucket 11 pivotally mounted on the forward end*k 2,790,256 Patented Apr. 30,

draulic rams

16 and 15 are formed in duplicate and are disposed with one set on each side of the tractor 1G.

Turning next to a detailed description of the present invention reference is made to the drawings. The prime mover or tractor 10 may be of any type well known in the art. Y However, in the present embodiment, the tractor 1% is shown as comprising a track laying type having a continuous track mechanism 17, which is shown diagrammatically. The tractor is provided with a hydraulic pump unit l which is suitably controlled by means (not shown) in the yoperators compartment.` The hydraulic pump unit 13 may be of any type well known in the art and is interconnected with the hydraulic rams 1S and 16 by lengths of tubing (not shown).

A supporting frame 19 is mounted on the track frame of the tractor at each side of the tractor 10, the supporting frame 19 substantially extends to the height of the top of the tractor 1t). The boom 12, which comprises two identical members disposed on each side of the tractor between the track mechanism 17 and the tractor 10 is pivotally mounted to the supporting frame 19 by means of pivotal mounting means 2t? substantially at the forward top edge thereof. The boom 12 is slightly bowed in a downward direction and is provided with an L-shaped mounting bracket 21. The L-shaped mounting bracket 21 is positioned substantially at the center of the boom 12 and is rigidly attached thereto. The other or lower end of the boom 12 is pivotally mounted to the bucket 11. ri`he bucket 11 may be of any type well known in the art and is provided with a flange 22 in two sections on the rear thereof. The two sections of the flange 22 are spaced apart as can easily be seen in Figure l, and the two sections are further disposed in a generally vertical direction. The boom 12 is pivotally mounted to the lowerv edge of the flange 22 by means of mounting means 23. It can thus be seen that the bucket 11 is pivotable about the mounting means 23 at the end of the boom 12 to a tipped back position for carrying a load of material, to a forwardly tipped position fordumping the bucket 11, and to an intermediate position for digging material with the bucket 11. The hydraulic ram 1S, which is provided for raising and lowering of the boom 12, is formed in duplicate and is pivotally mounted at the rear thereof to the supporting frame 19. The piston of the hydraulic ram 15 is pivotally connected to one end of the L-shaped mounting bracket 21 by means of mounting meansZ-d. Thus as the ram 15 is extended, the boom 12 is pivoted upwardly about mounting means Zt, and as the hydraulic ram 15 is contracted, the boom 12 is pivoted downwardly about the mounting means 20.

To control the pivoting of the bucket 11 about the end of the boom 12, the link means 13 and 14 and the hydraulic ram 16 are provided. The link means 14 comprises a link arm which is pivotally mounted at one end to the flange 22 by means of the mounting means 25. The link means 13 comprises a lever arm which is pivotally mounted to the upper forward end of the mounting bracket 21 by means of mounting means 26. The other end of the lever arm and the other end of the link arm of the link means 13 and 14 are pivotallyinterconnected by means of mounting means 27. The fryv draulic ram 16 is pivotally connecte-d at one end thereof to the supporting frame 19 substantially Aat the top thereof by means of mounting means 2,8 as can easily be seen in the drawings. The mounting means 20 `for the boom 3,- 12and the mountingmeans 28 forY theraml. arehori zontally and vertically displaced from each other, the horizontal displacement being substantially larger than thevertical' displacement, and With-the mounting means-l 23being disposedfrearwardly and upwardly of the mounting means 20. The piston of the hydraulic ram 16 is pivotally connected to the'lver arm of the link means 13 intermediate the ends thereof bymeans of mounting means 29. The L-shaped mounting bracket 21 is formed'to have a slot therethrough along the width of the boom 12. This slot is of a width sufficient to permit the projection of the piston of the hydraulic ram 16 therethrough. Thus it may be seen that as the hydraulic ram 16 is extended, the lever arm of the link means 13 is pivoted in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Figure 2 about the mounting means 26. The lower end of this lever arm will then move link means 14 to cause a pivoting of the bucket 11 about the mounting means 23 in a clockwise direction as viewedlin Figure 2. A contraction of the hydraulic ram 16 will cause an opposite movement of these elements, in other words, the link means 13 will be pivoted in a clockwise direction, and the bucket 11 will be pivoted in a counterclockwise direction, as' viewed in Figure 2.

The relative displacements of the various elements and the relative lengths of these elements may best be shownV by a detailed description of the operation of the present invention. For this reason reference is again made to the drawings and iirstly to Figure 2. Figure 2 shows the loader in the digging position at ground level and in dotted lines, one carrying position. In the digging position at ground level it may be noted that the cutting edge of the bucket 11 is disposed in a substantially horizontal plane at ground level. The hydraulic ram 15 is substantially contracted, as is the hydraulic ram 16. The boom 1-2 is then-disposed at some point short of its lowermost position. The link means 13 is disposed at a small angle to the L-shaped bracket 21. The operator may, in this position, make upward and downward adjustments of the cutting edge of the bucket 11 by extending or contracting the ram 16. The bucket 11 may be tipped back from this digging position through an angle of approximately 40 by a substantially coniplete contraction of the hydraulic ram 16. When this is done, the bucket 11 .and the link means 13 and 14 will assume the position shown in the dotted lines in Figure 2. This tip back of 40 is entirely sultcient for purposes of carrying a full load in the bucket 11.

If it is necessaryV to dig with the bucket 11 below ground level, the hydraulic ram 15 is caused to substantially completely contract as shown in the dotted lines in Figure 3. This will result in a slight tip back of the bucket 11 which is compensated for by a slight extension of the hydraulic ram 16. The bucket 11 may also be tipped back to a carrying position from this position. However, since the angle between the lower portion of the boom 12 and the ilange 22 is less when the bucket 11 is below ground level, the maximum tilt back from this position is approximately 35.

When the bucket 11 is in the tipped back or carrying position as shown in the dotted lines in Figure 2, or from the tipped back position from the digging position shown in dotted lines in Figure 3, the bucket may be raised through a relatively large arc to a high lift carrying position such as shownrin Figure 3. This is accomplished by substantially completely extending the hydraulic ram 15, while the hydraulic ram 16 remains substantially completely contracte-d. Due to the horizontal component of displacement between the mounting means 28 and 29, there is a further tip back of the bucket 11 as the bucket 11 is' raised from ground level to a position just below thel eye level of the loader operator.

As'the bucket 11` i'sfurther raised beyond the eye level'` of the loader operator there' is a slight :automatic piv- 4 otingof. the. bucketY 11A toward. the dumppositon. This is advantageous in that therloader may be moved with the bucket 11 in the carrying position below the eye level of the loader operator without any spillage of the material over the forward cutting edge of the bucket 11, 'and further, as the boom 12 is raised to the high lift t position no material will spill over the rear portion of the bucket 11 onto the4 tractor.

To dump the bucket 11 when the boom 12 is inthe high lift position as shown in Figure 3, it is merely necessary to extend the' hydraulic ram 16. Now this will cause` a counterclockwise pivoting, as viewed in Figure 3, of the link means 13 about the mounting means 26, with a consequent movementv of the link means 14 to in turn cause the bucket 11 to be pivoted in a clock- Wise direction as viewed in Figure 3 .about mounting means 23' to the dump position as shown'in Figure 4. From the high lift dump position, the bucket 11 may be easily returnedI to theV dig position by a contraction of.

the'hydraulic'

rams

15 and 16.

After the bucket; 1.1 has been dumped, for instance preparatory to spreading theA material, the loader may be placed in the spreading position by a contraction of the hydraulic ram 15 with the hydraulic ram 16 substanl tially expanded. The invention will then assume the position shown in Figure 4. With the bucket 11 positioned `as shown in Figure 4, in other words, with the cutting edge disposed downward and toward the rear of the tractor, spreading of the material may be easily accomplished. The bucket 11 may then be returned to. the `digging position by a contraction of a hydraulic ram 16.

Thus it can be seen from the described mode of operation of the present. invention, that the enumerated functions may be easily accomplished, with the shovel 11 of the loader under the positive control of the loader operator'at all times.

Having described the invention what is considered new and desired to be protected by Letters Patent is:

l. In a loader, a boom pivotally mounted at the rear thereof on said loader, a bucket comprising a cutting edge and a vertically disposed ange mounted on the rear thereof, mounting means pivotally mounting the forward end of said. boom to the lower end of said ange on said bucket, a mounting bracket xedly mounted on said boom intermediatev the ends thereof, a hydraulic ram pivotally connected to said mounting bracket and' saidy loader for raising and lowering said boom, a lever pivotally connected to said mounting bracket to depend below the intermediate portion of said boom, a link pivotally connecting said lever with the upper end of said iange on the rear of said bucket at a point rearwardly of the means pivotally mounting said boom to said flange when said cutting edge is horizontally disposed at ground level, and a second hydraulic ram pivotally mounted between said lever and said loader for varying the degree of tiltot' said bucket relative to said boom', the pivotal mounting of said second hydraulic rarn to said. loaderbeing positioned rearwardly and above the pivotal connection of said boom to said` loader, said second hydraulic ram, said lever and said link being formed relative to the pivot yaxes of said boom, said second hydraulic ram, said lever and said link so that said cutting edge is tilted rearwardly when said boom is initially raised, tilted forwardly when said boom is raised above theV eye level ofthe operator, and tilted. downwardly and rearwardly of a vertical plane through the pivot axis of said boom to said ange when said second hydraulic ram is extended and `said cutting edge is at ground level;

2. In a loader, a boom pivotally mounted at the rear thereof on said loader, a bucket comprising a cutting edge, mounting means pivotallyl mounting the forward end of said; boom to the lower rear portion of said bucket, a mounting bracket1 iixedly mounted on said boom intermediate the ends thereof, a hydraulic ram pivotally connected to said mounting bracket land said loader for raising and lowering said boom, a lever pivotally connected to said mounting bracket to depend below the intermediate portion of said boom, a link pivotally connecting said lever with the upper rear portion of said bucket at a point rearwardly of the means pivotally mounting said boom to said bucket, and a second hydraulic ram pivotal-V ly mounted between said lever and said loader for varying the degree of tilt of said bucket relative to said boom, the pivotal mounting of said second hydraulic ram to said loader being positioned rearwardly and above the pivotal connection of said boom to said loader, said second-hydraulic ram, said lever and said link being formed relative to the pivot axes of said boom, said second hydraulic ram, said lever and said link so that said cutting edge is tilted rearwardly when said boom is initially raised, tilted forwardly when said boom is raised above the eye level of the operator, and tilted downwardly and rearwardly of a vertical plane through the pivot axis of said boom to said bucket when said second hydraulic ram is extended and said cutting edge is at ground level.

3. In a loader, a boom pivotally mounted at the rear thereof on said loader, `a bucket comprising a cutting edge and having a vertically disposed tlange mounted on the rear thereof, mounting means pivotally mounting the forward end of said boom to the lower end of said ange on said bucket, an L-shaped mounting bracket xedly mounted on said boom intermediate the ends thereof, said L-shaped mounting bracket positioned so that one leg thereof lies transversely of the length of said boom and the other leg thereof lies substantially parallel to the length of said boom above said boom, a hydraulic ram pivotally connected tothe lower end of said transverse leg of said L-shaped mounting bracket and said loader for raising and lowering said boom, a lever, one end of said lever pivotally mounted to the end of said parallel leg of said bracket with the other end of said lever depending below the intermediate portion of said boom, a link, said link pivotally mounted between the other end of said lever and the upper end of said ange on the rear of said bucket ata point rearwardly of the means pivotally mounting said boom to said ange when said cutting edge is horizontally disposed at ground level, and a second hydraulic ram pivotally mounted between said loader and said Vlever intermediate the ends thereof for varying the degree of tilt of said bucket relative to said boom, the pivotal mounting of said second hydraulic ram to said loader being positioned rearwardly and above the pivotal connection of said boom to said loader, said second hydraulic ram, said lever and said link being formed relative to the pivot axes of said boom, said second hydraulic ram, said lever and said link so that said cutting edge is tilted rearwardly when said boom is initially raised, tiled forwardly when said boom is raised above the eye level of the operator, and tilted downwardly and rearwardly of a vertical plane through the pivot axis of said boom to said ange when said second hydraulic ram is extended and said cutting edge is at ground level.

4. In a loader, a boom pivotally mounted at the rear thereof on said loader substantially at the top of said loader, a bucket comprising a cutting edge and having a vertically disposed flange mounted on the rear thereof, mounting means pivotally mounting the forward end of said boom to the lower end of said ange on said bucket, an L-shaped mounting bracket lixedly mounted on said boom intermediate the ends thereof, said L-shaped mounting bracket positioned so that one leg thereof lies transversely of the length of said boom and the other leg thereof lies substantially parallel to the length of said boom above said boom, ya hydraulic ram pivotally connected to the lower end of said transverse leg of said L-shaped mounting bracket and said loader for raising and lowering said boom, a lever, one end of said Ilever pivotally mounted to the end of said parallel leg of said bracket with the other end of said lever depending below the intermediate portion of said boom, a. link, said link pivotally mounted between the other end of said lever and the upper end of said flange on the rear of said bucket at a point rearwardly of the means pivotally mounting Y said boom to said ange when said cutting edge is horizontally disposed at ground level, a second hydraulic ram pivotally mounted between said loader and said lever intermediate the ends thereof for varying the degree of tilt of said bucket relative to said boom, the pivotal mounting of said second hydraulic ram to said loader being positioned rearwardly and above the pivotal connection of said boom to said loader, said second hydraulic ram, said lever and said link being formed relative to the pivot axes of said boom, said second hydraulicV ram, said lever v and said link so that said cutting edge is tilted rearwardly when said boom -is raised above the eye level of the operator, and tilted downwardly and rearwardly of a vertical plane through the pivot axis of said boom to said llange when said second hydraulic ram is extended and said cutting edge is at ground level.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,418,251 Drott Apr. 1, 14947 2,668,631 Reese Feb. 9, 1954 2,685,973 Dobeus Aug. 10, 1954