US2775690A - Circuit for frequency transformation of high-frequency oscillations - Google Patents

Circuit for frequency transformation of high-frequency oscillations Download PDF

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Publication number
US2775690A
US2775690A US273435A US27343552A US2775690A US 2775690 A US2775690 A US 2775690A US 273435 A US273435 A US 273435A US 27343552 A US27343552 A US 27343552A US 2775690 A US2775690 A US 2775690A
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frequency
circuit
electrodes
anode
oscillations
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US273435A
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English (en)
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Jonker Johan Lodewijk Hendrik
Diemer Gesinus
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
    • H03D7/22—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing by deflecting an electron beam in a discharge tube

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circuit arrangement for frequency transformation of high frequency oscillations.
  • a mixer in which an electron beam issuing from the cathode is intensity-controlled by a control electrode to which a first high-frequency voltage is applied.
  • a second high-frequency voltage is supplied to two deflecting electrodes, which are arranged symmetrically about the normal axis of the beam (the axis of the beam in the absence of control voltages) to deflect said beam.
  • the electrons of .the beam then strike an anode system comprising two parts, which are also arranged symmetrically about the normal beam axis and which have connected bet-ween them an output circuit which yields the intermediate frequency oscillation.
  • Each of the parts of the anode system is thus struck by a greater or lesser part of the electron current in accordance with the extent of deflection.
  • the electron current may be intensity-controlled by oscillations from a local oscillator and deflection-controlled by a received signal.
  • the reverse is possible. In the latter case, there is no electrostatic induction effect of the oscillator voltage on the control grid, and electrons, after being deflection-controlled, cannot return to the control grid. Local-oscillator frequency energy is consequently substantially not radiated from the receiver antenna. In such circuit arrangements a separate local-oscillator is generally used.
  • a mixer circuit comprising a discharge tube in which an electron beam is first intensity-controlled by the signal oscillation and then deflection-controlled by a local-oscillator oscillation
  • the local-oscillations should be produced in the tube itself by returning the electrons to the deflecting electrodes with the use of a hollow reflection-anode, a circuit tuned to the oscillator frequency being connected between one of the deflecting electrodes and a point of constant potential and oscillations being set up in this circuit due to the negative resistance produced between the said electrode and ground.
  • the output circuit in which the difference frequency or the sum frequency oscillations are produced is connected between the other deflecting electrode and ground.
  • the deflection control is asymmetrical with respect to ground, since the deflecting electrodes and ground have connected between them circuits which are tuned to different frequencies.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a circuit for frequency transformation of high-frequency electrical oscillations (i530 mc./s.) comprising a discharge tube which acts as a mixing tube.
  • the cathode of the discharge tube emits an electron beam which is intensity-controlled by a control electrode to which .a first high-frequency voltage is applied.
  • This beam under the action of two deflecting electrodes arranged symmetrically of the normal axis of the electron beam and having a second highfrequency voltage applied to them, is subjected to deflection-control.
  • the electrons of the beam then strike an anode system constituted by two parts which are arranged symmetrically of the normal beam axis and which may be the deflecting electrodes themselves. Said parts have the intermediate frequency output circuit connected between them and are each struck by a larger or smaller portion of the electrons of the beam in accordance with the extent of deflection.
  • the circuit is constructed in a manner such that the tube is self-oscillating while at the same time the beam is deflection-controlled wholly symmetrically.
  • the present invention is based on recognition of the fact that with a symmetrical circuit it is possible both for the circuit in which the oscillator oscillations are produced and for that in which the intermediate frequency oscillations occur to be connected between the two parts of the anode system, without one circuit being a short-circuit for the other.
  • the parts of the anode system and the deflecting electrodes are coupled together crosswise so that the econd high-frequency voltage is produced by the negative resistance thus produced between the two said parts in the tube itself and a circuit determining the frequency of the resultant oscillation is also connected between the parts of the anode system so that the said circuits are symmetrical with respect to ground.
  • Both the intermediate frequency circuit and the local- .oscillator circuit are symmetrical with respect to ground,
  • an inductor connected between the parts of the anode system, and the mid-point of which is grounded for high-frequency oscillations to be provided with two taps arranged symmetrically of the mid-point. It is also possible to connect capacitors of equal capacity which tune the inductor to the intermediate frequency, between each of these taps and the ends of the inductor, the central part of the inductor forming with the capacity available between the parts of the anode a circuit tuned to the oscillator frequency.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the circuit arrangement of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a modification of the embodiment of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view, taken at right angles to the cathode, of a mixing tube preferably used in accordance with the circuit arrangement of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the circuit arrangement of the present invention.
  • Fig. is a schematic diagram of still another embodiment of the circuit arrangement of the present invention.
  • an antenna circuit 1 is coupled inductively to an input circuit 2 tuned to the signal frequency and connected between the control grid 5 of a mixing tube 3 and ground.
  • the tube includes, in addition, a cathode 4, which is grounded through a grid bias network 18, 19, a screen grid 6 which, as usual, has a positive voltage applied to it, two deflecting electrodes 7 and 7 and two anodes 8, 8'.
  • the arrangement is such that the cathode 4 emits an electron beam which may otherwise have a comparatively large cross-sectional area.
  • the arrangement is symmetrical, so that in the absence of voltage between the deflecting electrodes 7 and 7' equal portions of the electrons of the beam pass to the anodes 8 and 8'.
  • the deflecting electrode 7 is connected to the anode 8' and the deflecting electrode 7' is connected to the anode 8. This is effected by connecting leads which are as far as possible symmetrical with respect to the central plane of the beam. Thus a negative resistance is produced between the anodes.
  • the interconnected electrode pairs have connected between them an inductor 9 whose midpoint is connected to the positive terminal of the supply source, the negative terminal of which is grounded.
  • the capacitor 10 will have a comparatively high capacity and is short-circuit for the oscillations of oscillator frequency.
  • the inductor 9 has connected between its taps and its ends, capacitors 13 and 14, having equal capacities such that a circuit tuned to the intermediate frequency is formed again between the anodes.
  • the oscillator frequency is determined by the inductance of the central part and the natural capacities between the electrodes connected to the inductor 9.
  • the capacitors 13 and 14 are again short-circuits for the oscillator frequency.
  • Fig. 3 shows in greater detail a sectional view of a discharge tube of the kind preferably used with circuit arrangements according to the invention, the section being taken normal to the cathode axis.
  • the cathode 4 is constructed so as to constitute a flat web emitting substantially from the broad sides so that two flat beams are emitted, the central plane of which passes through the cathode axis and is normal to the plane of the cathode.
  • the stay rods 15 and 15 for the control grid 5 have some supplementary bunching effect on the electron current as do the bunching rods 16, 16, 16" and 16" connected to the cathode.
  • screening means the capacity between each of the parts which are at the oscillator voltage and the parts which are at the signal voltage is made as low as possible.
  • the deflecting electrodes 7, 7', 7", 7" are interconnected, similarly to the anodes 8, 8', 8", 8", by conductors which should be arranged, as far as possible symmetrically with respect to the screening.
  • the said interconnection may be direct or capacitative.
  • the bias voltage of the deflecting electrodes is enabled to be less than that of the anode. This permits the capacities between the sets of interconnected electrodes and the control grid to be perfectly equalized.
  • the rod-shaped electrodes 17 and 17' act to reduce the effect of the secondary emission on the anodes.
  • the invention is particularly useful for television and frequency modulation receivers, since it has been extremely difficult to reduce the radiation of oscillator frequency from the receiving antenna so as not to interfere with neighbouring receivers. It has been found that, particularly in the use of a tube construction as shown in Fig. 3, the use of the invention permits the effective removal of such interference.
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the invention, in which the deflecting electrodes also act as anodes, the tube 21 being again preferably constituted to comprise a flat cathode 4 which emits on two sides.
  • the control grid 5, the screen grid 6, the bunching rods 16 and the deflecting electrodes 7, 7, 7", 7" are formed and arranged in the same manner as in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, but the partite anode construction shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 is replaced by hollow reflection electrodes 22 and 22', respectively, which have the same voltage as the cathode, or are slightly negative in relation to the cathode.
  • the electrons which have passed the deflect ing electrodes are thrown back by the electrodes 22 and 22' in a manner such that if the deflecting electrode 7 is positive in relation to the deflecting electrode 7' and in relation to ground, the greater part of the reflected electrons reaches the deflecting electrode 7 and vice versa.
  • a negative resistance occurs between the deflecting electrodes 7, 7 and 7", 7", respectively, so that oscillations are produced in the oscillator circuit connected to these electrodes.
  • the deflecting electrodes 7 to 7" are interconnected crosswise.
  • the remaining part of the circuit is constructed in the same manner as in Fig. 1.
  • the circuit arrangement shown in Fig. 4 also permits effective suppression of the oscillator oscillation in the antenna circuit.
  • Fig. 5 shows a circuit of this kind in which the various elements are designated with the same reference numerals as the corresponding elements of Fig. 1.
  • this grid base circuit in the present case is that the deflected beam is more sharply defined, because the smaller the number of grids arranged in the beam, the less is the discrepancy in formed speed of the electrons in the beam.
  • a circuit arrangement for mixing a high-frequency wave with a local oscillation to produce a beat voltage having a frequency other than that of said local oscillation comprising an electron discharge tube provided with means including a cathode for generating an electron beam, an intensity control electrode for said beam, first and second deflection electrodes arranged symmetrically on either side of the normal axis of said beam and first and second anode electrodes arranged symmetrically on either side of the normal axis of the beam whereby portions of said beam strike each anode, the distribution of said beam between said first and second anode electrodes being determined by the extent of beam deflection, a first resonant circuit coupled between said first and second anode electrodes and tuned to the frequency of said heat voltage, said first circuit having symmetrically interposed therein a second resonant circuit tuned to the frequency of said local oscillation, means coupling the first and second anode electrodes respectively to the second and first deflection electrodes, and means to apply said wave between said control electrode and said ca
  • a circuit arrangement as set forth in claim 1 further including means coupled to the mid-point of said first circuit to apply an operating potential relative to said cathode to both anode electrodes.
  • a circuit arrangement for mixing a high-frequency wave with a local oscillation to produce a beat voltage having a frequency other than that of said local oscillation comprising an electron discharge tube provided with means for generating an electron beam, an intensity control electrode for said beam, first and second deflection electrodes arranged symmetrically on either side of the normal axis of said beam and first and second anode electrodes arranged symmetrically on either side of the normal axis of the beam whereby portions of said beam strike each anode, the distribution of said beam between said first and second anode electrodes being determined by the extent of beam deflection, an inductance coupled between said first and second anode electrodes, said inductance together with the natural capacitance of said anode electrodes forming a first resonant circuit tuned to the frequency of said local oscillation, the mid-point of said inductance being grounded for high-frequencies, a capacitance connected between two points on said inductance which are symmetric with respect to said mid-point, said capacit
  • a circuit arrangement for mixing a high-frequency wave with a local oscillation to produce a beatvoltage having a frequency other than that of said local oscillation comprising an electron discharge tube provided With means including a cathode for generating two electron beams, an intensity control electrode for each beam, first and second deflection electrodes for each beam arranged symmetrically on either side of the normal axis of said beam and first and second anode electrodes for each beam arranged symmetrically on either side of the normal axis of the beam whereby portions of said beam strike each anode, the distribution of said beam between said first and second anode electrodes being determined by the extent of beam deflection, a first resonant circuit coupled between said first and second anode electrodes and tuned to the frequency of said beat voltage, said first circuit having symmetrically interposed therein a second resonant circuit tuned to the frequency of said local oscillation, means coupling the first and second anode electrodes respectively of each beam to the second and first deflection electrodes of said each
  • control electrodes are constituted by a common grid.
  • a circuit arrangement for mixing a high-frequency wave with a local oscillation to produce a beat voltage having a frequency other than that of said local oscillation comprising an electron discharge tube provided with means for generating an electron beam, an intensity control electrode for said beam, first and second deflection electrodes arranged symmetrically on either side of the normal axis of said beam and first and second anode electrodes arranged symmetrically on either side of the normal axis of the beam whereby portions of said beam strike each anode, the distribution of said beam between said first and second anode electrodes being determined by the extent of beam deflection, an inductance coupled between said first and second anode electrodes and having a mid-point tap and two taps arranged symmetrically with respect to said midpoint tap, said mid-point tap being grounded for highfrequencies, two capacitances each of which is coupled between one of said two taps and the adjacent end of the inductance to form a first circuit tuned to the frequency of said beat voltage, the portion of said inductance
  • Apparatus for mixing a high-frequency wave with a local oscillation to produce a beat voltage having a frequency other than that of said local oscillation comprising an electron discharge tube including a cathode to generate an electron beam having a normal axis, a control electrode for modulating the intensity of the beam, and first and second pairs of deflection and anode electrodes disposed symmetrically about the normal axis, electrodes of each pair being disposed on opposite sides of said normal axis, circuit means connecting the electrodes of said first andsecond pairs disposed on one side of said beam axis to the electrodes of said second and first pairs respectively disposed on the other side of said axis, a first resonant circuit tuned to the frequency of said local oscillation and coupled to said circuit means to porduce the local oscillation in said tube and having a mid-point, said first resonant circuit including a second resonant circuit symmetrically arranged about said midpoint and tuned to the frequency of said heat voltage, and means to apply said high-frequency wave

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Television Scanning (AREA)
  • Video Image Reproduction Devices For Color Tv Systems (AREA)
  • Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
US273435A 1951-03-05 1952-02-26 Circuit for frequency transformation of high-frequency oscillations Expired - Lifetime US2775690A (en)

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NL714528X 1951-03-05

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US (1) US2775690A (is")
BE (1) BE509676A (is")
DE (1) DE890817C (is")
FR (1) FR1063802A (is")
GB (1) GB714528A (is")
NL (1) NL159610B (is")

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2922119A (en) * 1949-11-12 1960-01-19 Zenith Radio Corp Frequency halving synchronized oscillator
DE1139294B (de) * 1956-07-27 1962-11-08 Parsons & Co Sir Howard G Doppelstrahlspektrometer

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3009111A (en) * 1957-01-02 1961-11-14 Rca Corp Signal translating system

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1988621A (en) * 1930-01-16 1935-01-22 Rca Corp Cathode ray tube heterodyne detector
US2042321A (en) * 1933-01-14 1936-05-26 Rca Corp Oscillating system
US2504626A (en) * 1943-10-11 1950-04-18 Cossor Ltd A C Frequency changer
US2564063A (en) * 1945-05-30 1951-08-14 Rca Corp Electron discharge device and associated circuits

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1988621A (en) * 1930-01-16 1935-01-22 Rca Corp Cathode ray tube heterodyne detector
US2042321A (en) * 1933-01-14 1936-05-26 Rca Corp Oscillating system
US2504626A (en) * 1943-10-11 1950-04-18 Cossor Ltd A C Frequency changer
US2564063A (en) * 1945-05-30 1951-08-14 Rca Corp Electron discharge device and associated circuits

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2922119A (en) * 1949-11-12 1960-01-19 Zenith Radio Corp Frequency halving synchronized oscillator
DE1139294B (de) * 1956-07-27 1962-11-08 Parsons & Co Sir Howard G Doppelstrahlspektrometer

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BE509676A (is")
GB714528A (en) 1954-09-01
DE890817C (de) 1953-09-21
FR1063802A (fr) 1954-05-07
NL159610B (nl)

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