US2775234A - Packing for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Packing for internal combustion engine Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2775234A
US2775234A US394469A US39446953A US2775234A US 2775234 A US2775234 A US 2775234A US 394469 A US394469 A US 394469A US 39446953 A US39446953 A US 39446953A US 2775234 A US2775234 A US 2775234A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
packing
cylinder
internal combustion
combustion engine
spark plug
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US394469A
Inventor
Smits Wytze Beye
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Smitsyonk N V
Original Assignee
Smitsyonk N V
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Smitsyonk N V filed Critical Smitsyonk N V
Priority to US394469A priority Critical patent/US2775234A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2775234A publication Critical patent/US2775234A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/52—Sparking plugs characterised by a discharge along a surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P15/00—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits
    • F02P15/02—Arrangements having two or more sparking plugs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P15/00—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits
    • F02P15/08—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits having multiple-spark ignition, i.e. ignition occurring simultaneously at different places in one engine cylinder or in two or more separate engine cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
    • F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
    • F16J15/10—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing
    • F16J15/12—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering
    • F16J15/121—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering with metal reinforcement
    • F16J15/122—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering with metal reinforcement generally parallel to the surfaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a packing for internal combustion engines.
  • the packing which usually has the form of a packing ring for one-cylinder engines or of a packing sheet for multi-cylinder engines,- generally consists of a sealing material, such as asbestos, mica, and the like, which may be reinforced by metal.
  • the invention has for its object to construct this packing in such a way that it may be used as a spark plug for the engine, so that the usual spark plug may be omitted.
  • the packing according to the invention has been designed as a low-voltage surface discharge spark plug, which is made to spark by means of condenser charges and/ or discharges.
  • the packing according to the invention may consist of two or more metal sheets between which is enclosed the sealing material, in which is embedded an electrode ring.
  • this sheet and the electrode ring are connected to the ignition condenser and the mass, sparks will pass between the sheets and the electrode ring, which sparks will creep along the sealing material. Since the available creeping distance is very large, viz. equal to the circumference of the cylinder, this spark plug will have a very long life, and will undoubtedly be able to function for a time exceeding the period after which the cylinder head has to be dismantled for the decarburation or repair of the cylinder; if necessary, during such repairs the packing may at the same time be renewed. Owing to the large size of the heat-delivering surface of this plug, it will be cooled very thoroughly, which is of great importance for the long life of the plug.
  • the spark plug may consist, for example, of a metal sheet, which is enclosed between two sheets of packing material, this aggregate again being enclosed between two metal sheets. Two creeping paths are then formed, and the sparks will always be generated in the place where the resistance of the creeping path is smallest.
  • the spark plug may consist of two metal sheets separated by a packing sheet, said metal sheets being enclosed between two packing sheets, which in turn are enclosed again between two metal sheets. Near the creeping paths the outer sheets are bent about the creeping path. If some of this sheet material of one outer sheet is removed in a given place, and the same is done with the other outer sheet in a place diametrically opposite, no spark can be generated in these places, since the creeping path has become too large there. One may thus cause sparks to be generated simultaneously in the desired places.
  • the metal sheets may also be made noncontinuous, but in two sections shaped like sectors of a circle, each of these sections being connected to an ignition condenser.
  • Fig. 1 is a longitudinal cross-section through part of an engine cylinder with cylinder head.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectionon the line H-II in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-section on the line III-III in Fig. 2, on a greatly enlarged scale, for a special embodiment.
  • Fig. 4 is a similar cross-section for another embodi ment.
  • Fig. 5 is a similar cross-section for a third embodiment.
  • Fig. 6 is a top view of a packing ring according to the invention for special purposes.
  • the numeral 1 designates the cylinder of the engine in question, and 2 is the head of this cylinder.
  • the cylinder head In the cylinder head there is an inlet or outlet valve 3.
  • a packing ring according to the invention.
  • This ring consists of an annular sheath 4 of ductile material, e. g. copper, into which has been pressed heatresistant, electrically insulating material 5, e. g. asbestos, mica or the like.
  • an electrode ring 6 In this insulating material 5 is embedded an electrode ring 6.
  • This ring is equipped with a protruding lip 7, to which an electric conductor for current supply may be connected.
  • the sheath 4 In the place where the lip 7 protrudes, the sheath 4 has a fairly large opening. Through this opening the insulating material 5 also protrudes. This construction prevents a spark passing, outside the cylinder space, from the lip 7 to the metal of the sheath 4 or to the engine parts 1 or 2.
  • the electrodes of the surface discharge spark plug are formed by the insides of the sheath 4 and the electrode ring 6.
  • the sparks will creep along the marginal surfaces of the insulating material 5 adjoining the cylinder space of the electrode ring 6 is periodically connected to the charged condenser 9 by means of a throw-over switch 8.
  • This condenser is connected at one end to the throw-over switch 8, at the other end to the mass of the engine.
  • the throw-over switch 8 the condenser is connected alternately to a charging circuit 10 and to the electrode ring 6, 7.
  • the electrode ring 6 is provided with wide openings 11 (Figs. 2 and 3).
  • the ends of the sheath 4 may be bent inwards at 9, so that two narrow creeping paths 7, 8 are formed.
  • the annular electrode 6 may also have the shape of a T 10 at the inside (Fig. 4), so that creeping paths 19, 20 are formed.
  • the whole surface of the inside of the packing plug may serve as active surface of the spark plug.
  • two or more such rings may. be embedded in the insulating material.
  • FIG. 5 An example of this is shown in Fig. 5, where 21 and 22 are two electrode rings with insulating material 5 lying in between, these sheets likewise being enclosed in insulating material 5, while the Whole aggregate is enclosed in a sheath 4 again.
  • the inner ends of this sheath 4 are bent about the insulating material, so that creeping paths 15, 16 are formed.
  • sparks will no longer be-generated in those places, since these will always seek the path with the smallest resistance; thus one may eliminate some parts of the spark plug as active sparking surfaces: this is indeed of importance when the formation of sparks is to be avoided in certain places in the cylinder where sparks would have a detrimental :efiect on the'combusti'on.
  • this construction it is possible, for example, to generate two sparks simultaneously by connecting the annular electrodes 13 and 14 to two condensers, which supply their current simultaneously.
  • annular electrode 6 is split into two sections Gaand 6b, which lie between the full insulat ing rings 5, and can be connected M19 and 20 to two ignition devices, which generate a spark simultaneously.
  • a combined head gasket and spark plug for an internal combustion engine comprising, insulating to semi-conductive material disposed between the head and block of 'said engine, and atleast' one electrode clamped in :said material and extending atleas't to the interior of a cylinder.
  • a head gasket according to claim 1 in which said material forms a surface to support a low tension surface discharge spark.
  • a head gasket according to claim 1 further comprising, two metal sheets sandwiching therebetween said material, the edges of said sheets adjacent said cylinder being bent toward each other while keeping free a path over said material for a surface discharge spark.
  • a head gasket according to claim 2 in which said electrode is T-shaped in cross section, the short legs of said T being located adjacent said cylinder and ending a short distance from said sheets to leave free said path.
  • a head gasket according to claim 1 in which said elect-rode comprises a plurality of sectors which are embedded in said material and insulated with respect to each other.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

Dec. 25, 1956 w. B. SMITS PACKING FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed NOV. 25, 1953 United States Patent PACKlNG FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Wytze Beye Smits, Voorburg, Netherlands, assignor to Smitsvonk N. V., Leidschendam, Netherlands, a research laboratory Application November 25, 1953, Serial No. 394,469
6 Claims. cl. 123-169) The invention relates to a packing for internal combustion engines. The packing, which usually has the form of a packing ring for one-cylinder engines or of a packing sheet for multi-cylinder engines,- generally consists of a sealing material, such as asbestos, mica, and the like, which may be reinforced by metal.
The invention has for its object to construct this packing in such a way that it may be used as a spark plug for the engine, so that the usual spark plug may be omitted. To achieve this object, the packing according to the invention has been designed as a low-voltage surface discharge spark plug, which is made to spark by means of condenser charges and/ or discharges.
The packing according to the invention may consist of two or more metal sheets between which is enclosed the sealing material, in which is embedded an electrode ring. When this sheet and the electrode ring are connected to the ignition condenser and the mass, sparks will pass between the sheets and the electrode ring, which sparks will creep along the sealing material. Since the available creeping distance is very large, viz. equal to the circumference of the cylinder, this spark plug will have a very long life, and will undoubtedly be able to function for a time exceeding the period after which the cylinder head has to be dismantled for the decarburation or repair of the cylinder; if necessary, during such repairs the packing may at the same time be renewed. Owing to the large size of the heat-delivering surface of this plug, it will be cooled very thoroughly, which is of great importance for the long life of the plug.
The spark plug may consist, for example, of a metal sheet, which is enclosed between two sheets of packing material, this aggregate again being enclosed between two metal sheets. Two creeping paths are then formed, and the sparks will always be generated in the place where the resistance of the creeping path is smallest.
With some engines it is desirable to generate more than one spark, e. g. two. In that case the spark plug may consist of two metal sheets separated by a packing sheet, said metal sheets being enclosed between two packing sheets, which in turn are enclosed again between two metal sheets. Near the creeping paths the outer sheets are bent about the creeping path. If some of this sheet material of one outer sheet is removed in a given place, and the same is done with the other outer sheet in a place diametrically opposite, no spark can be generated in these places, since the creeping path has become too large there. One may thus cause sparks to be generated simultaneously in the desired places. For this purpose the metal sheets may also be made noncontinuous, but in two sections shaped like sectors of a circle, each of these sections being connected to an ignition condenser.
When this packing comprising a spark plug is used, it
would no longer be necessary to provide the cylinder head with the usual opening for screwing on the spark plug. It is, however, desirable to keep this opening and .shut it oif with a plug, since the interior of a cylinder ice is usually inspected through this opening, and the highest position of the piston is thus determined for the setting of the ignition. Such an opening has the additional advantage that even if one of thespark plugs according to the invention should cut out, a conventional low-voltage surface discharge spark plug may be screwed into this opening, so that the cylinder in question can function again.
The invention is explained more in detail with reference to the drawing showing some embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal cross-section through part of an engine cylinder with cylinder head.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectionon the line H-II in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a cross-section on the line III-III in Fig. 2, on a greatly enlarged scale, for a special embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a similar cross-section for another embodi ment.
Fig. 5 is a similar cross-section for a third embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a top view of a packing ring according to the invention for special purposes. r
In the drawing, the numeral 1 designates the cylinder of the engine in question, and 2 is the head of this cylinder. In the cylinder head there is an inlet or outlet valve 3. Between the cylinder 1 andthe cylinder head 2 has been provided a packing ring according to the invention. This ring consists of an annular sheath 4 of ductile material, e. g. copper, into which has been pressed heatresistant, electrically insulating material 5, e. g. asbestos, mica or the like. In this insulating material 5 is embedded an electrode ring 6. This ring is equipped with a protruding lip 7, to which an electric conductor for current supply may be connected. In the place where the lip 7 protrudes, the sheath 4 has a fairly large opening. Through this opening the insulating material 5 also protrudes. This construction prevents a spark passing, outside the cylinder space, from the lip 7 to the metal of the sheath 4 or to the engine parts 1 or 2.
The electrodes of the surface discharge spark plug are formed by the insides of the sheath 4 and the electrode ring 6.
The sparks will creep along the marginal surfaces of the insulating material 5 adjoining the cylinder space of the electrode ring 6 is periodically connected to the charged condenser 9 by means of a throw-over switch 8. This condenser is connected at one end to the throw-over switch 8, at the other end to the mass of the engine. By means of the throw-over switch 8 the condenser is connected alternately to a charging circuit 10 and to the electrode ring 6, 7.
For allowing the passage of the bolts by means of which the cylinder head 2 is secured to the cylinder 1, the electrode ring 6 is provided with wide openings 11 (Figs. 2 and 3). In the sheath 4 and the packing and insulating material are provided openings 12, 13, into which those bolts fit. Also in the places where the fastening bolts pass through the packing no sparking may thus take place. As appears from Fig. 3, the ends of the sheath 4 may be bent inwards at 9, so that two narrow creeping paths 7, 8 are formed. The annular electrode 6 may also have the shape of a T 10 at the inside (Fig. 4), so that creeping paths 19, 20 are formed.
The whole surface of the inside of the packing plug may serve as active surface of the spark plug.
Instead of a single electrode ring 6, two or more such rings may. be embedded in the insulating material.
An example of this is shown in Fig. 5, where 21 and 22 are two electrode rings with insulating material 5 lying in between, these sheets likewise being enclosed in insulating material 5, while the Whole aggregate is enclosed in a sheath 4 again. The inner ends of this sheath 4 are bent about the insulating material, so that creeping paths 15, 16 are formed. If in some places of the ends 17 and 3 18 of thesheath 4 some material is removed, sparks will no longer be-generated in those places, since these will always seek the path with the smallest resistance; thus one may eliminate some parts of the spark plug as active sparking surfaces: this is indeed of importance when the formation of sparks is to be avoided in certain places in the cylinder where sparks would have a detrimental :efiect on the'combusti'on. With this construction it is possible, for example, to generate two sparks simultaneously by connecting the annular electrodes 13 and 14 to two condensers, which supply their current simultaneously.
This is also possible with the embodiment according to Fig. 6. Here the annular electrode 6 is split into two sections Gaand 6b, which lie between the full insulat ing rings 5, and can be connected M19 and 20 to two ignition devices, which generate a spark simultaneously.
I claim:
1. A combined head gasket and spark plug for an internal combustion engine comprising, insulating to semi-conductive material disposed between the head and block of 'said engine, and atleast' one electrode clamped in :said material and extending atleas't to the interior of a cylinder.
2. A head gasket according to claim 1 in which said material forms a surface to support a low tension surface discharge spark.
3. A head gasket according to claim 1, further comprising, two metal sheets sandwiching therebetween said material, the edges of said sheets adjacent said cylinder being bent toward each other while keeping free a path over said material for a surface discharge spark.
4. A head gasket according to claim 2 in which said electrode is T-shaped in cross section, the short legs of said T being located adjacent said cylinder and ending a short distance from said sheets to leave free said path.
5. A head gasket according to claim 1 in which said elect-rode comprises a plurality of sectors which are embedded in said material and insulated with respect to each other.
6. A head gasket according to claim 3 in which said g l l i 1
US394469A 1953-11-25 1953-11-25 Packing for internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime US2775234A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US394469A US2775234A (en) 1953-11-25 1953-11-25 Packing for internal combustion engine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US394469A US2775234A (en) 1953-11-25 1953-11-25 Packing for internal combustion engine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2775234A true US2775234A (en) 1956-12-25

Family

ID=23559085

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US394469A Expired - Lifetime US2775234A (en) 1953-11-25 1953-11-25 Packing for internal combustion engine

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US2775234A (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2904610A (en) * 1956-03-09 1959-09-15 Union Stock Yard & Transit Co Chicago Spark ignition device for internal combustion engines
US2948824A (en) * 1956-11-26 1960-08-09 Smitsvonk Nv Device for igniting gaseous or liquid fuels
US5046466A (en) * 1990-09-20 1991-09-10 Lipski Frank F Spark-ignition engine
US5145177A (en) * 1991-11-15 1992-09-08 Wells Loren B Stacking piece puzzle
US5659132A (en) * 1995-03-07 1997-08-19 Fel-Pro Incorporated Gasket enclosed sensor system
US6161520A (en) * 1999-03-22 2000-12-19 The Gasket King Multiple spark ignition gasket
US6532737B1 (en) 2001-08-30 2003-03-18 Dana Corporation Exhaust port gasket with cylinder-specific electronic oxygen sensors
US9611826B2 (en) 2013-04-08 2017-04-04 Svmtech, Llc Plasma header gasket and system
US10215149B2 (en) 2013-04-08 2019-02-26 Serge V. Monros Plasma header gasket and system

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2904610A (en) * 1956-03-09 1959-09-15 Union Stock Yard & Transit Co Chicago Spark ignition device for internal combustion engines
US2948824A (en) * 1956-11-26 1960-08-09 Smitsvonk Nv Device for igniting gaseous or liquid fuels
US5046466A (en) * 1990-09-20 1991-09-10 Lipski Frank F Spark-ignition engine
EP0549676A1 (en) * 1990-09-20 1993-07-07 LIPSKI, Frank, F. Spark-ignition engine
EP0549676A4 (en) * 1990-09-20 1994-06-15 Frank F Lipski Spark-ignition engine
US5145177A (en) * 1991-11-15 1992-09-08 Wells Loren B Stacking piece puzzle
US5659132A (en) * 1995-03-07 1997-08-19 Fel-Pro Incorporated Gasket enclosed sensor system
US6161520A (en) * 1999-03-22 2000-12-19 The Gasket King Multiple spark ignition gasket
US6532737B1 (en) 2001-08-30 2003-03-18 Dana Corporation Exhaust port gasket with cylinder-specific electronic oxygen sensors
US9611826B2 (en) 2013-04-08 2017-04-04 Svmtech, Llc Plasma header gasket and system
US10215149B2 (en) 2013-04-08 2019-02-26 Serge V. Monros Plasma header gasket and system

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4535735A (en) Multi-gap spark ignition system
US2775234A (en) Packing for internal combustion engine
US4470392A (en) Multi-gap spark ignition device for engine
US3394285A (en) Two-gap spark plug with series resistor for each gap
US2483357A (en) Spark plug
US2368889A (en) Shielded spark plug
US2269076A (en) Spark plug
US2262769A (en) Spark plug
US1381167A (en) Spark-plug
US2026822A (en) Spark plug
US2208667A (en) Aviation spark plug
US1270437A (en) Spark-plug.
US1313426A (en) sullivan
US1960344A (en) Spark plug
US1992071A (en) Spark plug
US1950629A (en) Spark plug
US1163272A (en) Spark-plug.
US968687A (en) Spark-plug.
US2318440A (en) Spark plug
US1710056A (en) Spark plug
GB2094883A (en) Sparking plug
US1441444A (en) Spark plug
US1287570A (en) Spark-plug.
US2226415A (en) Spark plug
US2226414A (en) Spark plug