US2774920A - Electromagnetic switch arrangement - Google Patents

Electromagnetic switch arrangement Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2774920A
US2774920A US24973151A US2774920A US 2774920 A US2774920 A US 2774920A US 24973151 A US24973151 A US 24973151A US 2774920 A US2774920 A US 2774920A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
winding
opening
closing
switching element
magnetic system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
Inventor
Kesselring Fritz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fkg Fritz Kesselring Geratebau AG
Original Assignee
Fkg Fritz Kesselring Geratebau AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fkg Fritz Kesselring Geratebau AG filed Critical Fkg Fritz Kesselring Geratebau AG
Priority to US24973151 priority Critical patent/US2774920A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2774920A publication Critical patent/US2774920A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/30—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by dynamic converters
    • H02M7/32—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by dynamic converters using mechanical contact-making and -breaking parts
    • H02M7/36—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by dynamic converters using mechanical contact-making and -breaking parts with electromagnetically-operated vibrating contacts, e.g. chopper

Definitions

  • My present invention relates to an electromagnetic switch arrangement with at least one electromagnetically actuated switching element actuation of which in closed position causes two stationary contacts to be connected and to complete the electric circuit to be switched, and two magnetic systems of which one serves for closing the said switching element, the second serving for opening said element, characterized by the fact that the switching element arranged between the pole pieces of the two magnetic systems is influenced, apart from the force of gravity, by magnetic forces only.
  • the numeral 61 designates the alternating current source, 62 a saturable reactor with an air gap '63, 64 is the main winding tapped at 65 and 66.
  • the numeral 67 designates an auxiliary coil, 68 and 69 are valves, more particularly dry rectifiers.
  • 70 is an adjustable shunt resistance, 71 a condenser.
  • the magnetic closing system of the switch arrangement is generally indicated at 72, and it comprises the poles 73 and 74.
  • the said magnetic closing system comprises the main winding 75 and the auxiliary closing coil '76.
  • the magnetic opening system is designated by the reference nu-' meral 79 and comprises the poles 80 and 81, an air gap 86 bridged by the permanent magnet 82, and the opening coil 83.
  • the valve 84 In parallel relation to the point of interruption is arranged the valve 84, and 8'5 designates the load.
  • the switching element (armature) 78 Between the pole pieces of the two magnetic systems is arranged the switching element (armature) 78. It is evident that several such switching elements may be arranged serially.
  • pole faces of the poles 73, 74, 80 and 81 enclose spaces of square cross-section open at the corners, in which the armature or armatures are arrange
  • the poles 73 and 74 of the magnetic closing system 72 also constitute the stationary contacts.
  • This arrangement operates in the following manner: When a current begins to How in the winding 64, a voltage pulse occurs between the taps 65 and 66 causing an impulse through the windings 75 and 76 and the Valve means 68. Simultaneously, the condenser 71 is charged. The effect of this impulse attracts the armature 78 thereby bridging the poles 73 and 74. At the end of the voltage pulse, the condenser 71 discharges through the windings 75, 76 so that magnetization is extended beyond the duration of said pulse until the energiza-tion of the main winding 75 ensures sufficient holding power. When the main current approaches its zero value, the magnetization of the reactor 62 is again reversed.
  • the voltage between the taps 65 and 66 is of opposite polarity. No current can flow through the closing windings 75, 76 by reason of the blocking winding of valve 68. However, a voltage pulse is created in the winding 67 and now energizes the opening coil 83 in such a manner that the latter assists the magnetizing effect of the permanent magnet 82. This causes the armature 7 8 to be attracted in the opening sense like current valve 43, e. g'. a dry rectifier.
  • Patented Dec. 18, 1956 clear of the poles 73 and 74. Owing to the effect of the permanent magnet 82, the armature 78 then remains in open position. When magnetization of the reactor 62 is reversed for closing, the cycle of the closing circuit described is repeated. In addition, however, a current flows from the winding 67 through the resistance 70 and the opening coil 83, in opposite direction, causing the attractive force of the permanent magnet 82 to be decreased to such a value that the armature 78 would drop even without the attraction of the magnetic system 72.
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention specially employed for high current values.
  • the numeral designates the alternating current source, 91 the saturable reactor with windings 92 and 93, and the preenergization system 94.
  • the main energization of the saturable reactor 91 occurs through the currentcarrying conductor 95, i. e. the reactor 91 is designed as a singlewire transformer.
  • 96, 97 designate valves, 98, 99 resistances.
  • the magnetic closing system 100 comprises the poles 101 and 102 and an air gap 115.
  • a permanent magnet 103 bridges the gap 115.
  • the ma netic closing system is provided with an auxiliary closing coil 104.
  • Main energization is effected by means of the current passage through the bars 105 and 106 which also serve as stationary contacts arranged below the gap 117 between the pole faces 101 and 102 of the magnetic closing system 100 and connected by the armature or armatures 107 in closed condition.
  • the bars 105, 106 are insulated and adjacent, and represent a structure resembling a singlewire transformer in conjunction with the magnetic system 100.
  • the magnetic opening system is designated by 116, its poles by 108 and 109.
  • the valve bridging the stationary contacts 105, 106, is designated by the reference numeral 112, 113 being the load.
  • the armature 107 is arranged as a circuit element, several such elements in serial arrangement being possible.
  • the pole faces of the two magnetic systems 100 and 116 again define spaces of generally square cross section with open corners.
  • the operation of this arrangement corresponds in all essentials to the operation of the arrangement disclosed in Fig. 1.
  • the arrangement of the permanent magnet 103 provides for the armature 107 to be held in closed position until the zero value is approached. On opening, the efiect of the magnet 103 is compensated by the return current of the valve 96 flowing through the resistance 98, the operation being similar to that described for the closing magnet according to Fig. 1. In closed position the armature or armatures 107 cause the two bars 105, 106 to be connected. The armature or armatures are thus influenced apart from the force of gravity by magnetic forces only.
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross section and Fig. 4 a longitudinal section along the line AA in Fig. 3 of a single-wire cartridge, in which the gap 40 is arranged in parallel relation to the two current bars 41, 42 forming the stationary contacts. Between the bars is arranged a plate- The recesses 44 and 45 serve to increase the insulation distances.
  • the magnetic closing system comprises two systems 46 and 46a and encloses the bars 41 and 42.
  • the impulse winding 47 is connected only with the magnetic system 46 in order to reduce its inductance.
  • a magnetic opening system 50 with the winding 51 is provided.
  • the reference numerals 4S and 48a designate disc-shaped armatures carrying the conducting current bridges 49 at their lower ends and serially arranged in parallel relation between the pole pieces of the two magnetic systems 46 and 46:; respectively.
  • the serially arranged armatures 48, 48a are not shown in Fig. 4.
  • 52 designates the housing, 53 being the base-plate through which the elbows 54 and 55 of the bars 41 and 42 project downwardly.
  • the closures 56a and 56b are provided in order to secure the armatures 48 and 48a against dropping out.
  • the pole faces of the two magnetic systems define spaces of generally square cross-section with open corners, in which the armatures are disposed.
  • the operation of the arrangement is as follows: As soon as a forward current begins to flow through the valve 43, the impulse winding is energized and the effect of the opening winding 51 reduced, which causes the armatures 48 of the magnetic impulse system to be attracted and the bars 41, 42 to be connected. The increasing main current gradually increases the energiza' tion of the main magnetic system 46a and thus the associated armatures 48a are attracted. When the main current again approaches its zero value, only the armatures 48 are strongly attracted by the magnetic field generated by the impulse winding, while the armatures 48a only loosely rest on the bars 41 and 42. In the neighbourhood of the zero value, a counter-impulse is generated in a manner similar to that disclosed in Figs. 1 and 2, so that the current in the winding 47 practically drops to zero While the current of the opening winding 51 is substantially increased. This causes all armatures 48 and 43a to move into open position.
  • the advantage of the switch arrangement resides mainly in the fact that mechanical supports for the switching element are dispensed with so that no additional energy need be expended in order to counteract the effect of an opening spring when the arrangement is switched in, and that the omission of all supporting means simplifies the manufacture, assembly and setting of the arrangement.
  • the magnetic opening arrangement provides the additional advantage that the switching elements are magnetically held in their final positions, and that all backward rocking, which would entail a reduction of dielectric strength, is practically impossible.
  • An electromagnetic switch arrangement for the control of current flow from an alternating current source to a load comprising an electrical circuit closing magnetic system, an electrical circuit opening magnetic system, a switching element, a saturable reactor, and an electronic device, said circuit closing magnetic system comprising a first and second pole piece electrically insulated from each other and having an air gap therebetween, said switching element electrically bridging said air gap when said switching element is moved to circuit closed position, a main closing winding wound on at least one pole piece of said closing magnetic system and electrically connected to one pole piece for magnetically energizing said closing magnetic system when said main closing winding is electrically energized, a main winding on said saturable reactor, an electrical circuit for connecting said electronic device to said pole pieces, an electrical circuit for connecting the load to the other of said pole pieces, said main winding and said main closing winding being electrically connected in series with said alternating current source and load through said pole pieces and electronic means, said switching element short circuiting said electronic means when moved to bridge said one air gap of said poles of said closing magnetic
  • An electromagnetic switch arrangement for the control of current flow from an alternating current source to a load comprising an electrical circuit closing magnetic system, an electrical circuit opening magnetic system, a switching element, a saturable reactor, and an electronic device, said circuit closing magnetic system comprising a first and second pole piece electrically insulated from each other and having an air gap therebetween, said switching element electrically bridging said air gap when said switching element is moved to circuit closed position, a main closing winding wound on at least one pole piece of said closing magnetic system and electrically connected to one pole piece for magnetically energizing said closing magnetic system when said main closing winding is electrically energized, a main winding on said saturable reactor, an electrical circuit for connecting said electronic device to said pole pieces, an electrical circuit for connecting the load to the other of said pole pieces, said main winding and said main closing winding being electrically connected in series with said alternating current source and load through said pole pieces and electronic means, said switching element short circuiting said electronic means when moved to bridge said one air gap of said poles of said closing magnetic
  • An electromagnetic switch arrangement for the control of current flow from an alternating current source to a load comprising an electrical circuit closing magnetic system, an electrical circuit opening magnetic system, a switching element, a saturable reactor, and an electronic device, said circuit closing magnetic system comprising a first and second pole piece electrically in sulated from each other and having an air gap therebetween, said switching element electrically bridging said air gap when said switching element is moved to circuit closed position, a main closing winding wound on at least one pole piece of said closing magnetic system and electrically connected to one pole piece for magnetically energizing said closing magnetic system when said main closing winding is electrically energized,- a main winding on said saturable reactor, an electrical circuit for connecting said electronic device to said pole pieces, an electrical circuit for connecting the load to the other of said pole pieces, said main winding and said main closing winding being electrically connected in series with said alternating current source and load ⁇ through said pole pieces and electronic means, said switching element short circuiting said electronic means when moved to bridge said one air gap of said
  • An electromagnetic switch arrangement for the control of current flow from an alternating current source to a load comprising an electrical circuit closing magnetic system, an electrical circuit opening magnetic systerm, a switching element, a saturable reactor, and an electronic device, said circuit closing magnetic system comprising a first and second pole piece electrically insulated from each other and having an air gap therebetween, said switching element electrically bridging said air gap when said switching element is moved to circuit closed position, a main closing winding wound on at least one pole piece of said closing magnetic system and electrically connected to one pole piece for magnetically energizing said closing magnetic system when said main closing winding is electrically energized, a main winding on said saturable reactor, an electrical circuit for connecting said electronic device to said pole pieces, an electrical circuit for connecting the load to the other of said pole pieces, said main winding and said main closing winding being electrically connected in series with said alternating current source and load through said pole pieces and electronic means, said switching element short circuiting said electronic means when moved to bridge said one air gap of said poles
  • An electromagnetic switch arrangement for the control of current flow from an alternating current source to a load comprising an electrical circuit closing magnetic system, an electrical circuit opening magnetic system, a switching element, a saturable reactor, and an electronic device, said circuit closing magnetic system comprising a first and second pole piece electrically insulated from each other and having an air gap therebetween, said switching element electrically bridging said air gap when said switching element is moved to circuit closed position, a main closing winding wound on at least one pole piece of said closing magnetic system and electrically connected to one pole piece for magnetically energizing said closing magnetic system when said main closing winding is electrically energized, a main winding on said saturable reactor, an electrical cir cuit for connecting said electronic device to said pole pieces, an electrical circuit for connecting the load to the other of said pole pieces, said main winding and said main closing winding being electrically connected in series with said alternating current source and load through said pole pieces and electronic means, said switching element short circuiting said electronic means when moved to bridge said one air gap of said poles of
  • An electromagnetic switch arrangement for the control of current flow from an AC. source to a load comprising an electrical circuit closing magnetic system, an electrical circuit opening magnetic system, a switching element, a saturable reactor, a first and second stationary contact and an electronic device; said circuit closing magnetic system comprising a first and second pole piece having an air gap therebetween, said switching element being movable into and out of bridging relationship with respect to sa1d air gap; said stationary contacts being positioned to be engaged by said switching element when said switching element is moved into bridging relationship with respect to said air gap; said saturable reactor comprising a main winding and a first and second secondary winding; said A.-C.
  • said saturable reactor first secondary winding being connected to energize said electromagnetic switch operating winding responsive to a predetermined condition of unsaturation of said saturable reactor to thereby magnetically energize said closing magnetic system; an electrical circuit for connecting said electronic device across said stationary contacts, said switching element short circuiting said electronic means when moved to engage said stationary contacts; an opening winding on said opening magnetic system for magnetically energizing said opening magnetic system when said opening winding is electrically energized; said saturable reactor second secondary Winding being connected to energize said opening winding responsive to a predetermined condition of unsaturation of said saturable reactor, a first means to prevent full energization of said opening winding when said closing winding is energized to attract said switching element to a closed position and a second means to prevent full energization of said closing winding when said opening winding is energized to move said switching element out of engagement with said stationary contacts.
  • An electromagnetic switch arrangement for the control of current flow from an A.-C. source to a load comprising an electrical circuit closing magnetic system, an electrical circuit opening magnetic system, a switching element, a saturable reactor, a first and second stationary contact and an electronic device; said circuit closing magnetic system comprising a first and second pole piece having an air gap therebetween, said switching element being movable into and out of bridging relationship with respect to said air gap; said stationary contacts being positioned to be engaged by said switching element when said switching element is moved into bridging relationship with respect to said air gap; said saturable reactor comprising a main winding and a first and second secondary winding; said A -C.
  • An electromagnetic switch arrangement for the control of current flow from an A.-C. source to a load comprising an electrical circuit closing magnetic system, an electrical circuit opening magnetic system, a switching element, a saturable reactor, a first and second stationary contact and an electronic device; said circuit closing magnetic system comprising a first and second pole piece having an air gap therebetween, said switching element being movable into and out of bridging relationship with respect to said air gap; said stationary contacts being positioned to be engaged by said switching element when said switching element is moved into bridging relationship with respect to said air gap; said saturable reactor compris'1g winding and a first and second secondary winding; said :L-C.
  • said saturable reactor first secondary winding being connected to energize said electromagn tic switch operating winding responsive to a predetermined condition of unsaturation of said saturable reactor to thereby magnetically energize said closing magnetic system; an electrical circuit for connecting said electronic device across said stationary contacts, said switching element short circuiting said electronic means when moved to engage said stationary contacts; an opening winding said opening magnetic system for magneticaily ener- "ig said opening magnetic system when said opening w nding is elecnicaily energized; said saturable reactor second secondary winding being connected to energize said opening Winding responsive to a predetermined condition of unsaturation of said saturable reactor, a first means to prevent full energization of said opening winding when said closing winding is energized to attract said switching element to a closed position and a second means to prevent full energization of said closing winding when said opening winding is energized to move said
  • An electromagnetic switch arrangement for the control of current flow from an A.-C. source to a load comprising an electrical circuit closing magnetic system, an electrical circuit opening m netic system, a switching element, a saturable reactor, a st and second stationary contact and an electronic device; said circuit closing magnetic system comprising a first and second pole piece having an air gap therebetween, said switching element being movable into and out of bridging relationship with respect to said air gap; said stationary contacts being positioned to be en aged by said switching element when said switching element is moved into bridging relationship with respect to said air gap; said saturable reactor comprising a main winding and a first and second secondary winding; said A.-C.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Description

Dec. 18, 1956 KESSELRING 2,774,920
ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCH A RANGEMENT Filed Oct. 4, 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fig.2
' I-NVENTOR'.
FRITZ KESSELRINQ AT T'Y Dec. 18, 1956 F. KESSELRING 2,774,920
ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCH ARRANGEMENT Filed Oct. 4, 1951 2 SheetsSheet 2 A INVENTOR:
FRITZ KESSELRING United States Patent ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCH ARRANGEMENT Fritz Kesselring, Zollikon-Zurich, Switzerland, assignor to FKG Fritz Kesselring Geratebau, Bachtobci-Weinfelden, Switzerland, a Swiss corporation Application October 4, 1951, Serial No. 249,731
r 9 Claims. (Cl. 317-156) My present invention relates to an electromagnetic switch arrangement with at least one electromagnetically actuated switching element actuation of which in closed position causes two stationary contacts to be connected and to complete the electric circuit to be switched, and two magnetic systems of which one serves for closing the said switching element, the second serving for opening said element, characterized by the fact that the switching element arranged between the pole pieces of the two magnetic systems is influenced, apart from the force of gravity, by magnetic forces only.
The accompanying drawings disclose three embodiments of this invention, Figs. 1 and 2 showing a switch arrangement in a transformer circuit, Figs. 3 and 4 showing a switch cartridge according to the invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, the numeral 61 designates the alternating current source, 62 a saturable reactor with an air gap '63, 64 is the main winding tapped at 65 and 66. The numeral 67 designates an auxiliary coil, 68 and 69 are valves, more particularly dry rectifiers. 70 is an adjustable shunt resistance, 71 a condenser. The magnetic closing system of the switch arrangement is generally indicated at 72, and it comprises the poles 73 and 74.
The said magnetic closing system comprises the main winding 75 and the auxiliary closing coil '76. i The magnetic opening system is designated by the reference nu-' meral 79 and comprises the poles 80 and 81, an air gap 86 bridged by the permanent magnet 82, and the opening coil 83. In parallel relation to the point of interruption is arranged the valve 84, and 8'5 designates the load. Between the pole pieces of the two magnetic systems is arranged the switching element (armature) 78. It is evident that several such switching elements may be arranged serially. The pole faces of the poles 73, 74, 80 and 81 enclose spaces of square cross-section open at the corners, in which the armature or armatures are arrange In addition, the poles 73 and 74 of the magnetic closing system 72 also constitute the stationary contacts.
This arrangement operates in the following manner: When a current begins to How in the winding 64, a voltage pulse occurs between the taps 65 and 66 causing an impulse through the windings 75 and 76 and the Valve means 68. Simultaneously, the condenser 71 is charged. The effect of this impulse attracts the armature 78 thereby bridging the poles 73 and 74. At the end of the voltage pulse, the condenser 71 discharges through the windings 75, 76 so that magnetization is extended beyond the duration of said pulse until the energiza-tion of the main winding 75 ensures sufficient holding power. When the main current approaches its zero value, the magnetization of the reactor 62 is again reversed. The voltage between the taps 65 and 66 is of opposite polarity. No current can flow through the closing windings 75, 76 by reason of the blocking winding of valve 68. However, a voltage pulse is created in the winding 67 and now energizes the opening coil 83 in such a manner that the latter assists the magnetizing effect of the permanent magnet 82. This causes the armature 7 8 to be attracted in the opening sense like current valve 43, e. g'. a dry rectifier.
Patented Dec. 18, 1956 clear of the poles 73 and 74. Owing to the effect of the permanent magnet 82, the armature 78 then remains in open position. When magnetization of the reactor 62 is reversed for closing, the cycle of the closing circuit described is repeated. In addition, however, a current flows from the winding 67 through the resistance 70 and the opening coil 83, in opposite direction, causing the attractive force of the permanent magnet 82 to be decreased to such a value that the armature 78 would drop even without the attraction of the magnetic system 72. It will be seen that the acceleration of the armature in the closing and opening directions only occurs by means of magnetic forces generated on the one hand by the energization of the closing winding 76, and, on the other hand, by the energization of the opening winding 83. The permanent magnet 82 only secures the open position of the switch in currentless condition. Its effect is compensated by counter-energization of the winding 83 in the closing process.
Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention specially employed for high current values. The numeral designates the alternating current source, 91 the saturable reactor with windings 92 and 93, and the preenergization system 94. The main energization of the saturable reactor 91 occurs through the currentcarrying conductor 95, i. e. the reactor 91 is designed as a singlewire transformer. 96, 97 designate valves, 98, 99 resistances.
The magnetic closing system 100 comprises the poles 101 and 102 and an air gap 115. A permanent magnet 103 bridges the gap 115. The ma netic closing system is provided with an auxiliary closing coil 104. Main energization is effected by means of the current passage through the bars 105 and 106 which also serve as stationary contacts arranged below the gap 117 between the pole faces 101 and 102 of the magnetic closing system 100 and connected by the armature or armatures 107 in closed condition. The bars 105, 106 are insulated and adjacent, and represent a structure resembling a singlewire transformer in conjunction with the magnetic system 100. The magnetic opening system is designated by 116, its poles by 108 and 109. It also comprises an air gap 114 and a permanent magnet 110 bridging said gap, in addition also the opening coil 111. The valve bridging the stationary contacts 105, 106, is designated by the reference numeral 112, 113 being the load. Between the pole pieces of the two magnetic systems 100 and 116, the armature 107 is arranged as a circuit element, several such elements in serial arrangement being possible. The pole faces of the two magnetic systems 100 and 116 again define spaces of generally square cross section with open corners.
The operation of this arrangement corresponds in all essentials to the operation of the arrangement disclosed in Fig. 1. The arrangement of the permanent magnet 103 provides for the armature 107 to be held in closed position until the zero value is approached. On opening, the efiect of the magnet 103 is compensated by the return current of the valve 96 flowing through the resistance 98, the operation being similar to that described for the closing magnet according to Fig. 1. In closed position the armature or armatures 107 cause the two bars 105, 106 to be connected. The armature or armatures are thus influenced apart from the force of gravity by magnetic forces only.
Fig. 3 shows a cross section and Fig. 4 a longitudinal section along the line AA in Fig. 3 of a single-wire cartridge, in which the gap 40 is arranged in parallel relation to the two current bars 41, 42 forming the stationary contacts. Between the bars is arranged a plate- The recesses 44 and 45 serve to increase the insulation distances. The magnetic closing system comprises two systems 46 and 46a and encloses the bars 41 and 42. The impulse winding 47 is connected only with the magnetic system 46 in order to reduce its inductance. Furthermore, a magnetic opening system 50 with the winding 51 is provided. The reference numerals 4S and 48a designate disc-shaped armatures carrying the conducting current bridges 49 at their lower ends and serially arranged in parallel relation between the pole pieces of the two magnetic systems 46 and 46:; respectively. For the sake of clarity, the serially arranged armatures 48, 48a are not shown in Fig. 4. Finally, 52 designates the housing, 53 being the base-plate through which the elbows 54 and 55 of the bars 41 and 42 project downwardly. In order to secure the armatures 48 and 48a against dropping out, the closures 56a and 56b are provided. In these three embodiments the pole faces of the two magnetic systems define spaces of generally square cross-section with open corners, in which the armatures are disposed.
The operation of the arrangement is as follows: As soon as a forward current begins to flow through the valve 43, the impulse winding is energized and the effect of the opening winding 51 reduced, which causes the armatures 48 of the magnetic impulse system to be attracted and the bars 41, 42 to be connected. The increasing main current gradually increases the energiza' tion of the main magnetic system 46a and thus the associated armatures 48a are attracted. When the main current again approaches its zero value, only the armatures 48 are strongly attracted by the magnetic field generated by the impulse winding, while the armatures 48a only loosely rest on the bars 41 and 42. In the neighbourhood of the zero value, a counter-impulse is generated in a manner similar to that disclosed in Figs. 1 and 2, so that the current in the winding 47 practically drops to zero While the current of the opening winding 51 is substantially increased. This causes all armatures 48 and 43a to move into open position.
The advantage of the switch arrangement resides mainly in the fact that mechanical supports for the switching element are dispensed with so that no additional energy need be expended in order to counteract the effect of an opening spring when the arrangement is switched in, and that the omission of all supporting means simplifies the manufacture, assembly and setting of the arrangement. The magnetic opening arrangement provides the additional advantage that the switching elements are magnetically held in their final positions, and that all backward rocking, which would entail a reduction of dielectric strength, is practically impossible.
What I claim is:
1. An electromagnetic switch arrangement for the control of current flow from an alternating current source to a load comprising an electrical circuit closing magnetic system, an electrical circuit opening magnetic system, a switching element, a saturable reactor, and an electronic device, said circuit closing magnetic system comprising a first and second pole piece electrically insulated from each other and having an air gap therebetween, said switching element electrically bridging said air gap when said switching element is moved to circuit closed position, a main closing winding wound on at least one pole piece of said closing magnetic system and electrically connected to one pole piece for magnetically energizing said closing magnetic system when said main closing winding is electrically energized, a main winding on said saturable reactor, an electrical circuit for connecting said electronic device to said pole pieces, an electrical circuit for connecting the load to the other of said pole pieces, said main winding and said main closing winding being electrically connected in series with said alternating current source and load through said pole pieces and electronic means, said switching element short circuiting said electronic means when moved to bridge said one air gap of said poles of said closing magnetic system, a secondary winding on said saturable reactor, an opening winding on said opening magnetic system for magnetically energizing said opening magnetic system when said opening winding is electrically energized, first means to prevent full energization of said opening winding when said main and auxiliary closing winding are energized during one-half of the alternating current cycle to attract said switching element to closed position and second means during the other half of the alternating current cycle to prevent full energization of said auxiliary and main closing windings when said opening winding is fully energized from said secondary winding of said saturable reactor to move said switching element to open position.
2. An electromagnetic switch arrangement for the control of current flow from an alternating current source to a load comprising an electrical circuit closing magnetic system, an electrical circuit opening magnetic system, a switching element, a saturable reactor, and an electronic device, said circuit closing magnetic system comprising a first and second pole piece electrically insulated from each other and having an air gap therebetween, said switching element electrically bridging said air gap when said switching element is moved to circuit closed position, a main closing winding wound on at least one pole piece of said closing magnetic system and electrically connected to one pole piece for magnetically energizing said closing magnetic system when said main closing winding is electrically energized, a main winding on said saturable reactor, an electrical circuit for connecting said electronic device to said pole pieces, an electrical circuit for connecting the load to the other of said pole pieces, said main winding and said main closing winding being electrically connected in series with said alternating current source and load through said pole pieces and electronic means, said switching element short circuiting said electronic means when moved to bridge said one air gap of said poles of said closing magnetic system, a secondary winding on said saturable reactor, an opening winding on said opening magnetic system for magnetically energizing said opening magnetic system when said opening winding is electrically energized, first means to prevent full energization of said opening winding when said main and auxiliary closing winding are energized during one-half of the alternating current cycle to attract said switching element to closed position and second means during the other half of the alternating current cycle to prevent full energization of said auxiliary and main closing windings when said opening winding is fully energized from said secondary winding of said saturable reactor to move said switching element to open position and a third means connected in said opening magnetic system, said third means being effective to maintain said switching element in disengaged position when said switch element is moved to disengaged position by energization of said opening winding.
3. An electromagnetic switch arrangement for the control of current flow from an alternating current source to a load comprising an electrical circuit closing magnetic system, an electrical circuit opening magnetic system, a switching element, a saturable reactor, and an electronic device, said circuit closing magnetic system comprising a first and second pole piece electrically in sulated from each other and having an air gap therebetween, said switching element electrically bridging said air gap when said switching element is moved to circuit closed position, a main closing winding wound on at least one pole piece of said closing magnetic system and electrically connected to one pole piece for magnetically energizing said closing magnetic system when said main closing winding is electrically energized,- a main winding on said saturable reactor, an electrical circuit for connecting said electronic device to said pole pieces, an electrical circuit for connecting the load to the other of said pole pieces, said main winding and said main closing winding being electrically connected in series with said alternating current source and load {through said pole pieces and electronic means, said switching element short circuiting said electronic means when moved to bridge said one air gap of said poles of said closing magnetic system, a secondary winding on said saturable reactor, an opening winding on said opening magnetic system for magnetically energizing said opening magnetic system when said opening winding is electrically energized, first means to prevent full energization of said opening winding when said main and auxiliary closing winding are energized during one-half of the alternating current cycle to attract said switching element to closed position and second means during the other half of the alternating current cycle to prevent full energization of said auxiliary and main closing windings when said opening winding is fully energized from said secondary winding of said'saturable reactor to move said switching element to open position and electronic means controlled from said source of alternating current for rendering said opening magnetic system ineffective during the energization of said closing magnetic system.
4. An electromagnetic switch arrangement for the control of current flow from an alternating current source to a load comprising an electrical circuit closing magnetic system, an electrical circuit opening magnetic systerm, a switching element, a saturable reactor, and an electronic device, said circuit closing magnetic system comprising a first and second pole piece electrically insulated from each other and having an air gap therebetween, said switching element electrically bridging said air gap when said switching element is moved to circuit closed position, a main closing winding wound on at least one pole piece of said closing magnetic system and electrically connected to one pole piece for magnetically energizing said closing magnetic system when said main closing winding is electrically energized, a main winding on said saturable reactor, an electrical circuit for connecting said electronic device to said pole pieces, an electrical circuit for connecting the load to the other of said pole pieces, said main winding and said main closing winding being electrically connected in series with said alternating current source and load through said pole pieces and electronic means, said switching element short circuiting said electronic means when moved to bridge said one air gap of said poles of said closing magnetic system, a secondary winding on said saturable reactor, an opening winding on said opening magnetic system for magnetically energizing said opening magnetic system when said opening winding is electrically energized, first means to prevent full energization of said opening winding when said main and auxiliary closing winding are energized during one-half of the alternating current cycle to attract said switching element to closed position and second means during the other half of the alternating current cycle to prevent full energization of said auxiliary and main closing windings when said opening winding is fully energized from said secondary winding of said saturable reactor to move said switching element to open position, a permanent magnet for energizing said open magnetic system, said permanent magnet being eflective to maintain said switching element in open position when said switching element is moved to open position by said opening winding and while said main closing winding is de-energized.
5. An electromagnetic switch arrangement for the control of current flow from an alternating current source to a load comprising an electrical circuit closing magnetic system, an electrical circuit opening magnetic system, a switching element, a saturable reactor, and an electronic device, said circuit closing magnetic system comprising a first and second pole piece electrically insulated from each other and having an air gap therebetween, said switching element electrically bridging said air gap when said switching element is moved to circuit closed position, a main closing winding wound on at least one pole piece of said closing magnetic system and electrically connected to one pole piece for magnetically energizing said closing magnetic system when said main closing winding is electrically energized, a main winding on said saturable reactor, an electrical cir cuit for connecting said electronic device to said pole pieces, an electrical circuit for connecting the load to the other of said pole pieces, said main winding and said main closing winding being electrically connected in series with said alternating current source and load through said pole pieces and electronic means, said switching element short circuiting said electronic means when moved to bridge said one air gap of said poles of said closing magnetic system, a secondary winding on said saturable reactor, an opening winding on said opening magnetic system for magnetically energizing said opening magnetic system when said opening winding is electrically energized, first means to prevent full energization of said opening winding when said main and auxiliary closing windings are energized during one-half of the alternating current cycle to attract said switching element to closed position and second means during the other half of the alternating current cycle to prevent full energization of said auxiliary and main closing windings when said opening winding is fully energized from said secondary winding of said saturable reactor to move said switching element to open position, and additional means for controlling the magnetization of said opening mag netic system to maintain said switching element in open position when said switching element is moved to open position by said opening winding and while said main closing winding is de-energized.
6. An electromagnetic switch arrangement for the control of current flow from an AC. source to a load comprising an electrical circuit closing magnetic system, an electrical circuit opening magnetic system, a switching element, a saturable reactor, a first and second stationary contact and an electronic device; said circuit closing magnetic system comprising a first and second pole piece having an air gap therebetween, said switching element being movable into and out of bridging relationship with respect to sa1d air gap; said stationary contacts being positioned to be engaged by said switching element when said switching element is moved into bridging relationship with respect to said air gap; said saturable reactor comprising a main winding and a first and second secondary winding; said A.-C. source, said saturable reactor main winding, said pair of stationary contacts, and said load being connected in series; said saturable reactor first secondary winding being connected to energize said electromagnetic switch operating winding responsive to a predetermined condition of unsaturation of said saturable reactor to thereby magnetically energize said closing magnetic system; an electrical circuit for connecting said electronic device across said stationary contacts, said switching element short circuiting said electronic means when moved to engage said stationary contacts; an opening winding on said opening magnetic system for magnetically energizing said opening magnetic system when said opening winding is electrically energized; said saturable reactor second secondary Winding being connected to energize said opening winding responsive to a predetermined condition of unsaturation of said saturable reactor, a first means to prevent full energization of said opening winding when said closing winding is energized to attract said switching element to a closed position and a second means to prevent full energization of said closing winding when said opening winding is energized to move said switching element out of engagement with said stationary contacts.
7. An electromagnetic switch arrangement for the control of current flow from an A.-C. source to a load comprising an electrical circuit closing magnetic system, an electrical circuit opening magnetic system, a switching element, a saturable reactor, a first and second stationary contact and an electronic device; said circuit closing magnetic system comprising a first and second pole piece having an air gap therebetween, said switching element being movable into and out of bridging relationship with respect to said air gap; said stationary contacts being positioned to be engaged by said switching element when said switching element is moved into bridging relationship with respect to said air gap; said saturable reactor comprising a main winding and a first and second secondary winding; said A -C. source, said saturable reactor main winding, said pair of stationary contacts, and said load being connected in series; said saturable reactor first secondary winding being connected to energize said electromagnetic switch operating winding responsive to a predetermined condition of unsaturation of said saturable reactor to thereby magnetically energize said closing magnetic system; an electrical circuit for connecting said electronic device across said stationary contacts, said switching element short circuiting said electronic means when moved to engage said stationary contacts; an opening winding on said opening magnetic system for magnetically energizing said opening magnetic system when said opening winding is electrically energized; said saturable reactor second secondary Winding being connected to energize said opening winding responsive to a predetermined condition of unsaturation of said satura le reactor, a first means to prevent full energization of said opening winding when said closing winding is energized to attract said switching element to a closed position and a second means to prevent full energization of said closing winding when said opening winding is energized to move said switching element out of engagement with said stationary contacts; said first and second stationary contacts comprising a first and second bar arranged below said first air gap.
8. An electromagnetic switch arrangement for the control of current flow from an A.-C. source to a load comprising an electrical circuit closing magnetic system, an electrical circuit opening magnetic system, a switching element, a saturable reactor, a first and second stationary contact and an electronic device; said circuit closing magnetic system comprising a first and second pole piece having an air gap therebetween, said switching element being movable into and out of bridging relationship with respect to said air gap; said stationary contacts being positioned to be engaged by said switching element when said switching element is moved into bridging relationship with respect to said air gap; said saturable reactor compris'1g winding and a first and second secondary winding; said :L-C. source, said saturable reactor main winding, said pair of stationary contacts, and said load connected in series; said saturable reactor first secondary winding being connected to energize said electromagn tic switch operating winding responsive to a predetermined condition of unsaturation of said saturable reactor to thereby magnetically energize said closing magnetic system; an electrical circuit for connecting said electronic device across said stationary contacts, said switching element short circuiting said electronic means when moved to engage said stationary contacts; an opening winding said opening magnetic system for magneticaily ener- "ig said opening magnetic system when said opening w nding is elecnicaily energized; said saturable reactor second secondary winding being connected to energize said opening Winding responsive to a predetermined condition of unsaturation of said saturable reactor, a first means to prevent full energization of said opening winding when said closing winding is energized to attract said switching element to a closed position and a second means to prevent full energization of said closing winding when said opening winding is energized to move said switching element out of engagement with said stationary contacts; said closing magnetic structure comprising a second air gap therein; a permanent magnet; said permanent magnet being positioned to bridge said second air gap.
9. An electromagnetic switch arrangement for the control of current flow from an A.-C. source to a load comprising an electrical circuit closing magnetic system, an electrical circuit opening m netic system, a switching element, a saturable reactor, a st and second stationary contact and an electronic device; said circuit closing magnetic system comprising a first and second pole piece having an air gap therebetween, said switching element being movable into and out of bridging relationship with respect to said air gap; said stationary contacts being positioned to be en aged by said switching element when said switching element is moved into bridging relationship with respect to said air gap; said saturable reactor comprising a main winding and a first and second secondary winding; said A.-C. source, said saturable reactor main winding, said pair of stationary contacts, and said load being connected in series; said saturable reactor first secondary winding being connected to energize said electromagnetic switch operating winding responsive to a predetermined condition of unsaturation of said saturable reactor to thereby magnetically energize said closing magnetic system; an electrical circuit for connecting said electronic device across said stationary contacts, said switching element short circuiting said electronic means when moved to engage said stationary contacts; an opening winding on said opening magnetic system for magnetically energizing said opening magnetic system when said opening winding is electrically energized; said saturable reactor second secondary winding being connected to energize said opening winding responsive to a predetermined condition of unsaturation of said saturable reactor, a first means to prevent full energization of said opening winding when said closing winding is energized to attract said switching element to a closed position and a second means to prevent full energization of said closing winding when said opening winding is energized to move said switching element out of engagement with said stationary contacts; said opening and closing magnetic structures having an air gap therein for receiving a permanent magnet to thereby magnetically bias said magnetic structures.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS (Addition td No. 887,127)
US24973151 1951-10-04 1951-10-04 Electromagnetic switch arrangement Expired - Lifetime US2774920A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US24973151 US2774920A (en) 1951-10-04 1951-10-04 Electromagnetic switch arrangement

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US24973151 US2774920A (en) 1951-10-04 1951-10-04 Electromagnetic switch arrangement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2774920A true US2774920A (en) 1956-12-18

Family

ID=22944747

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US24973151 Expired - Lifetime US2774920A (en) 1951-10-04 1951-10-04 Electromagnetic switch arrangement

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US2774920A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2886809A (en) * 1954-02-19 1959-05-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Multiservice type telephone ringer
US2935585A (en) * 1957-04-22 1960-05-03 Sigma Instruments Inc Polarized electromagnetic relay
US2994752A (en) * 1959-11-06 1961-08-01 George W Hamlin Electrical switch
US3172010A (en) * 1956-01-10 1965-03-02 Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd High speed contacting device
CN113647002A (en) * 2019-04-10 2021-11-12 西门子能源环球有限责任两合公司 Circuit arrangement, electrolysis installation and method for operating a circuit arrangement or an electrolysis installation

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US684378A (en) * 1901-02-14 1901-10-08 George Westinghouse Electric lamp.
FR428146A (en) * 1911-04-05 1911-08-23 Edouard Gabreau Improvement in devices for cutting or closing electrical circuits
US1644525A (en) * 1925-10-17 1927-10-04 Willard E Hoyler Circuit-protecting system
FR695501A (en) * 1929-06-20 1930-12-17 Siemens Ag Rocker relay
US2111550A (en) * 1935-10-23 1938-03-22 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Time limit control
GB529396A (en) * 1938-05-17 1940-11-20 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in high speed switches for alternating current circuits
FR887127A (en) * 1940-09-25 1943-11-04 Connection system for selective activation of switches and automatic circuit breakers in the event of overcurrents
US2369296A (en) * 1938-10-04 1945-02-13 Cooperative Dev Co Electrical switch
US2570062A (en) * 1946-10-18 1951-10-02 Fkg Fritz Kesselring Geratebau Electric contact device for variable currents
US2617974A (en) * 1948-04-15 1952-11-11 Fkg Fritz Kesselring Geratebau Electric converting apparatus

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US684378A (en) * 1901-02-14 1901-10-08 George Westinghouse Electric lamp.
FR428146A (en) * 1911-04-05 1911-08-23 Edouard Gabreau Improvement in devices for cutting or closing electrical circuits
US1644525A (en) * 1925-10-17 1927-10-04 Willard E Hoyler Circuit-protecting system
FR695501A (en) * 1929-06-20 1930-12-17 Siemens Ag Rocker relay
US2111550A (en) * 1935-10-23 1938-03-22 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Time limit control
GB529396A (en) * 1938-05-17 1940-11-20 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in high speed switches for alternating current circuits
US2369296A (en) * 1938-10-04 1945-02-13 Cooperative Dev Co Electrical switch
FR887127A (en) * 1940-09-25 1943-11-04 Connection system for selective activation of switches and automatic circuit breakers in the event of overcurrents
FR53072E (en) * 1940-09-25 1945-09-07
US2570062A (en) * 1946-10-18 1951-10-02 Fkg Fritz Kesselring Geratebau Electric contact device for variable currents
US2617974A (en) * 1948-04-15 1952-11-11 Fkg Fritz Kesselring Geratebau Electric converting apparatus

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2886809A (en) * 1954-02-19 1959-05-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Multiservice type telephone ringer
US3172010A (en) * 1956-01-10 1965-03-02 Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd High speed contacting device
US2935585A (en) * 1957-04-22 1960-05-03 Sigma Instruments Inc Polarized electromagnetic relay
US2994752A (en) * 1959-11-06 1961-08-01 George W Hamlin Electrical switch
CN113647002A (en) * 2019-04-10 2021-11-12 西门子能源环球有限责任两合公司 Circuit arrangement, electrolysis installation and method for operating a circuit arrangement or an electrolysis installation
US20220181965A1 (en) * 2019-04-10 2022-06-09 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Circuit assembly, electrolysis device, and method for operating a circuit assembly or an electrolysis device
US11848602B2 (en) * 2019-04-10 2023-12-19 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Circuit assembly, electrolysis device, and method for operating a circuit assembly or an electrolysis device

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3001049A (en) Magnetic latch
US3634735A (en) Self-holding electromagnetically driven device
US2441984A (en) Electric circuit for electromagnets
IE41745B1 (en) Supply circuits for electromagnets
US2774920A (en) Electromagnetic switch arrangement
CN112400209B (en) Medium voltage circuit breaker with vacuum interrupter and drive device and method for operating a medium voltage circuit breaker
US2344654A (en) Residually maintained direct current electromagnet
US3790862A (en) Excitation control circuit for electromagnet coil
US2704334A (en) Dynamotor
US3253098A (en) Mechanical actuator with permanent magnet
US3265938A (en) Actuator circuit for electromagnetic devices
US6906605B2 (en) Electromagnet system for a switch
US2457017A (en) Electromagnetic control device
US1693135A (en) Electromagnet
US2486240A (en) Electric circuit for retentive type relays
US2505849A (en) Electromagnet with two armatures
US2740934A (en) Electromagnetic converter
US2040405A (en) Switch structure with means to prevent arcing upon circuit closure
US2913639A (en) Polarized a. c. operated relay
US2180159A (en) Electromagnetic device
US2360954A (en) Antichattering electromagnetic control
US3706018A (en) Electromagnetic vibrator employing rectification of induced currents
US2352948A (en) Electromagnetic device
US10629367B2 (en) Permanent magnet induction generator (PMIG)
US3018456A (en) Switching devices