US2768891A - Process for production of bronze alloys - Google Patents
Process for production of bronze alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2768891A US2768891A US404122A US40412254A US2768891A US 2768891 A US2768891 A US 2768891A US 404122 A US404122 A US 404122A US 40412254 A US40412254 A US 40412254A US 2768891 A US2768891 A US 2768891A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tin
- copper
- alloy
- constituents
- proportion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- DDSPUNTXKUFWTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tin(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Sn+4] DDSPUNTXKUFWTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 7
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
Definitions
- This invention relates to bronze alloys of a brittle character, and particularly such as are used as the bonding material in, for example, the manufacturing of grinding wheels containing diamond or other hard particles as the abrasive constituent.
- the bonding alloy shall be uniformly brittle, in order to permit release of the abrasive particles which have become dulled by wear, the release being effected by the crushing action exerted on the wheel when in normal use.
- the object of the invention is to enable the above mentioned requirement to be met in a more satisfactory manner than heretofore.
- the invention consists of a bronze alloy made from (essentially) copper and at least sufficient tin to produce an alloy having a proportion of delta phase, both the copper and the tin being in a powdered condition, and the tin, or both the tin and copper being initially in the oxide form, the alloy being produced by simultaneous reduction and alloying of the powdered constituents at a temperature below the melting point of the resultant alloy.
- copper oxide derived from electrolytically prepared copper powder and fully oxidised is comminuted in a ball mill and mixed with powdered tin oxide of good commercial grade, in the proportion in which the tin constituent is about 20% by weight of the combined copper and tin.
- the mixed powders are then placed in a loosely packed condition in a heat-resisting container, and are heated in a reducing atmosphere for about two hours at a temperature of about 500 C. This results in reduction and alloying of the constituents.
- the alloy is then allowed to cool to room temperature in the reducing atmosphere.
- the delta phase on which the brittleness depends is uniformly distributed throughout the final 2,768,891 Patented Oct 30, 1956 square inch to the desired form. Subsequently it is sintered at 500 C. in a reducing atmosphere. When the mixture has attained this temperature, it is transferred quickly to a press in which it is subjected to a pressure of from 8-30 tons per square inch. If desired any other hard abrasive material may be used instead of diamond.
- powdered copper in the metallic state, and powdered tin oxide are treated in the manner above described, the final product having similar qualities to those of the first example.
- the product obtained by the invention possesses the delta phase in a uniformly distributed condition, and is uniformly brittle.
- the degree of brittleness can be varied by varying the proportion of tin to vary the amount of delta phase metal present in the product, but to ensure brittleness the proportions of tin oxide used should be sufficient for the bronze alloy to contain from 10-30% by weight of the tin constituent.
- the invention is especially applicable for use in the manufacture of abrasive wheels, it may be applied to other uses where uniformity of brittleness is required.
- a process for producing a bronze alloy from copper and at least suflicient tin to produce in the alloy a proportion of delta phase consisting in comminuting copper oxide derived from electrolytically prepared copper powder, mixing the comminuted copper oxide with powdered tin oxide in the proportion in which the tin constituent is from 10-30% by weight of the combined copper and tin constituents, and heating the mixture in a reducing atmosphere for about two hours at a temperature of about 500 C. to elfect simultaneous reduction and alloying of the constituents.
- a process for producing a bronze alloy from copper and at least sufficient tin to produce in the alloy a proportion of delta phase consisting in mixing powdered copper in the metallic state with powdered tin oxide in the proportion in which the tin constituent is from 10- 30% by weight of the combined copper and tin constituents, and heating the mixture in a reducing atmosphere for about two hours at a temperature of about 500 C. to effect simultaneous reduction and alloying of the constituents.
Description
United States Patent PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF BRONZE ALLOYS Arthur George Gardner, methwick, near Birmingham,
and Thomas Stott Lister, Handsworth Wood, Birmingham, England, assignors to Wickman Limited, Coventry, England No Drawing. Application January 14, 1954;
Serial No. 404,122
i Claims priority, application Great Britain January 29, 1956 2 Claims. (Cl. 75-72) This invention relates to bronze alloys of a brittle character, and particularly such as are used as the bonding material in, for example, the manufacturing of grinding wheels containing diamond or other hard particles as the abrasive constituent.
For the above mentioned purpose it is essential that the bonding alloy shall be uniformly brittle, in order to permit release of the abrasive particles which have become dulled by wear, the release being effected by the crushing action exerted on the wheel when in normal use.
The object of the invention is to enable the above mentioned requirement to be met in a more satisfactory manner than heretofore.
The invention consists of a bronze alloy made from (essentially) copper and at least sufficient tin to produce an alloy having a proportion of delta phase, both the copper and the tin being in a powdered condition, and the tin, or both the tin and copper being initially in the oxide form, the alloy being produced by simultaneous reduction and alloying of the powdered constituents at a temperature below the melting point of the resultant alloy.
In one example, copper oxide derived from electrolytically prepared copper powder and fully oxidised, is comminuted in a ball mill and mixed with powdered tin oxide of good commercial grade, in the proportion in which the tin constituent is about 20% by weight of the combined copper and tin. The mixed powders are then placed in a loosely packed condition in a heat-resisting container, and are heated in a reducing atmosphere for about two hours at a temperature of about 500 C. This results in reduction and alloying of the constituents. The alloy is then allowed to cool to room temperature in the reducing atmosphere.
Owing to the simultaneous reduction and alloying of the constituents, the delta phase on which the brittleness depends is uniformly distributed throughout the final 2,768,891 Patented Oct 30, 1956 square inch to the desired form. Subsequently it is sintered at 500 C. in a reducing atmosphere. When the mixture has attained this temperature, it is transferred quickly to a press in which it is subjected to a pressure of from 8-30 tons per square inch. If desired any other hard abrasive material may be used instead of diamond.
Although it is preferred to use copper oxide and tin oxide of the quality mentioned this is not essential, as some degree of impurity of either constituent may be permissible. Further the extent to which the oxides are comminuted is not a critical condition.
In another example, powdered copper in the metallic state, and powdered tin oxide are treated in the manner above described, the final product having similar qualities to those of the first example.
The product obtained by the invention possesses the delta phase in a uniformly distributed condition, and is uniformly brittle.
The degree of brittleness can be varied by varying the proportion of tin to vary the amount of delta phase metal present in the product, but to ensure brittleness the proportions of tin oxide used should be sufficient for the bronze alloy to contain from 10-30% by weight of the tin constituent.
Whilst the invention is especially applicable for use in the manufacture of abrasive wheels, it may be applied to other uses where uniformity of brittleness is required.
Having thus described our invention what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. A process for producing a bronze alloy from copper and at least suflicient tin to produce in the alloy a proportion of delta phase, consisting in comminuting copper oxide derived from electrolytically prepared copper powder, mixing the comminuted copper oxide with powdered tin oxide in the proportion in which the tin constituent is from 10-30% by weight of the combined copper and tin constituents, and heating the mixture in a reducing atmosphere for about two hours at a temperature of about 500 C. to elfect simultaneous reduction and alloying of the constituents.
2. A process for producing a bronze alloy from copper and at least sufficient tin to produce in the alloy a proportion of delta phase, consisting in mixing powdered copper in the metallic state with powdered tin oxide in the proportion in which the tin constituent is from 10- 30% by weight of the combined copper and tin constituents, and heating the mixture in a reducing atmosphere for about two hours at a temperature of about 500 C. to effect simultaneous reduction and alloying of the constituents.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,829,635 Davey Oct. 27, 1931 2,645,573 Drapeaw et al July 14, 1953 FOREIGN PATENTS 3,962 Great Britain of 1874
Claims (1)
1. A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A BRONZE ALLOY FROM COPPER AND AT LEAST SUFFICIENT TIN TO PRODUCE IN THE ALLOY A PROPORTION OF DELTA PHASE, CONSISTING IN COMMINUTING COPPER OXIDE DERIVED FROM ELECTROLYTICALLY PREPARED COPPER POWDER, MIXING THE COMMINUTED COPPER OXIDE WITH POWDERED TIN OXIDE IN THE PROPORTION IN WHICH THE TIN CONSTITUENT IS FROM 10-30% BY WEIGHT OF THE COMBINED COPPER AND TIN CONSTITUENTS, AND HEATING THE MIXTURE IN A REDUCING ATMOSPHERE FOR ABOUT TWO HOURS AT A TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 500*C. TO EFFECT SIMLTANEOUS REDUCTION AND ALLOYING OF THE CONSTITUENTS.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2768891X | 1953-01-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2768891A true US2768891A (en) | 1956-10-30 |
Family
ID=10914990
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US404122A Expired - Lifetime US2768891A (en) | 1953-01-29 | 1954-01-14 | Process for production of bronze alloys |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2768891A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3281236A (en) * | 1964-07-01 | 1966-10-25 | Little Inc A | Method for copper refining |
| US4492602A (en) * | 1983-07-13 | 1985-01-08 | Revere Copper And Brass, Inc. | Copper base alloys for automotive radiator fins, electrical connectors and commutators |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1829635A (en) * | 1929-05-28 | 1931-10-27 | Gen Electric | Method of making alloys |
| US2645573A (en) * | 1946-07-24 | 1953-07-14 | Glidden Co | Process for producing brass powder |
-
1954
- 1954-01-14 US US404122A patent/US2768891A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1829635A (en) * | 1929-05-28 | 1931-10-27 | Gen Electric | Method of making alloys |
| US2645573A (en) * | 1946-07-24 | 1953-07-14 | Glidden Co | Process for producing brass powder |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3281236A (en) * | 1964-07-01 | 1966-10-25 | Little Inc A | Method for copper refining |
| US4492602A (en) * | 1983-07-13 | 1985-01-08 | Revere Copper And Brass, Inc. | Copper base alloys for automotive radiator fins, electrical connectors and commutators |
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