US276228A - Brick-machine - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 3 Shets-Sheet 1.

I. GULLEN.

BRICK MACHINE.

N4 PETEna Phumumagnpmn wmhingran. llc

(No Model.)

. 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

l I. ,GULLEN- BRICK MACHINE.

. No. 276,228. Patented Apr.l24, 1883.

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. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ISRAEL CULLEN, OF PITTSBURG,PENNSYLVANIA.

- SPECIFICATION forming part f Letters Patent No. 276,228, dated April 24., 1883.

Application filed April 8, 1882. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I,. ISRAEL GULLEN, ot' Pittsburg, in the county ofAllegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Brick-Machines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, andexact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and ro use the same. Y

My invention relates toan improvement in brick-machines, the object of the same being to provide a machine for tempering the clay,

. pressingthe tempered clay into suitable molds,

and finally cutting the molded clay` into the proper size to form bricks; and with these ends in view my invention consists, in a tempering-mill provided with one or more discharging-apertures for clay, of a vertically-revolvin g shaft provided with any suitable number of tempering arms or cutters, and one or more inclined pressers or feeders adapted to force the clay within suitable receivers preparatory to molding.

My invention further consists, in a tempering-mill provided with one or more discharging-apertures for clay and movable slides or cut-oft`s for closing said apertures, of a vertical revolving shaft provided with any suitable number of tempering arms or cutters, and one or more inclined pressers or feeders adapted to force the clay into suitable receivers preparatory to molding, and one or more vertically-movable stops adapted to hold the clay while the inclined pressers or feeders force it into the said receivers.

My invention further consists in the combination, with the tempering-mill and vertical shaft, the latter provided with suitable cutters and feeders, of clay-receivers situated below vthe said tempering-mill and communicating therewith, movable cut-offs for shutting oli' communication between the saidtemperingmill and receivers, `and horizontal movable 45 .plungers for forcing the clay from the said receivers through the dies into the molds.

My invention further consists in the combination, with a` tempering-mill having one or more discharge-apertures for the passage of 5o the tempered clay and one or more movable slides for covering said apertures, of a vertically-rotating shaft having tempering# arms and cutters thereon, one or more clay-receivers, one or more horizon tal plun gers for forcing the clay through a suitable shaping-die and out of the receiver, one or more vertically-movable yokes or bows, each having cutting-wire thereon, and brick-molds and means for operating said molds.

My invention further consists, in a suitable 6o clay-receiver having a shaping-die secured to the outer end thereof, of an elastic packing in.- troduced between the said receiver andrdie.

My'invention further consists of a clay-receiver having a suitable shaping-die secured on the outer end thereof, and a yoke having a cutting-wire secured thereto, the latter being adapted to move on and over the outer face of the said die.

My invention further consists in certain de- 7o tails of constructionand combinations of parts, as will bemore fully described.

' In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is .a longitudinal verticall sectional view of my improved machine. Fig. 2 is a transverse ver- 7 5 tical section of the same. Fig. 3 is an end view. Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view through the lines m x of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a similar view through the lines y y of Fig.'1, and Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are modifications.` y 8o A represents the frame of the machine, and B the mill for tempering the clay.` This mill B is provided centrally with an opening for the passage of the main or vertical shaft C, and with the two apertures, a a, for the passage of the tempered clay into the receiver D, situated below the tempering-mill. These apertures a a in the bottom of the mill Bare partly or entirely opened or closed, to suit the existing circumstances, by the movable slides or cut- 9o offs E, which latter are pivotally secured toand operated by the handles E', secured on the outside of the frame A. The horizontallyrevolving shaft G is suitablyjournaled in the frame A, andprovided outside of the mill B with any 9 5 suitable gearing, by which motion can be imparted thereto, and inside the mill with the tempering-arms F and the pressers or feeders G. rIhe tempering-arms F are secured to the shaft in any suitable manner, and extend outroo ward at right angles therefrom, and are provided with the vertical cutters b, which operate to thoroughly temper the clay. i

Below the temperingarms F, and secured to the shaft@` in any suitable manner, are the outwardly-extending arms, provided on their o'uter extremity with the inclined pressers or feedersG, which latter are adapted, when rotated by the shaft C, to vpass directly over the apertures a a and force the clay therein.

EI are vertically-movable slides, adapted to project up through the bottom of the tempering-mill and hold the clay while the inclined pressers or feeders force it downward into the receivers D. These slides H can be of any suitable width, and arevsecured in suitable guides and held up in position by the weights c,which latter are connected thereto by the straps c; after the latter passes over the roller c2. The tendency of the weights c is to constantly hold the slides up to their highest point, while the tendency is overcome by the inclined pressers or feeders G, which latter, as they pass over the said slides, force them downward. After the pressers or feeders have passed over the slides H the said slides are caused by the weights to rise in position for the next presser or feeder.

D are the clay-receptacles, situated on oppo-V site sides of the machine, directly under the .apertures a a. These receptacles are open on the inner ends for the horizontal plungers I,

` which latter are secured to opposite sides of 30.

the yoke or ringJ. 'Ihis yoke or ring, together with the said plungersl, are reciprocated backward and forward by means of the cam K, secured to the shaft C. The constructions of this ring or yoke J and the cam K are such that when the clay has been pressed through the die into the molds L theplungeris allowed a slight backward movement, which is caused by the expansion of the clay before-the bricks have been cut by the wires. The outer ends of these clay receptacles or receivers are provided with the forming or cutting dies, the vertical bars d of which are provided with internal and external bevel-edges for cutting and separating the clay into masses of a length and width slightly less than the same dimensions of the brick are when fully pressed. The object of making these passages slightly less than the size of the brick is to enable the clay to pass into the molds without rubbing the sand off the ends and bottoms thereof. As these plungers I approach the molds L the clay is compactly pressed therein and completely fills the molds without rubbing od' the sand, as would be the case were the clay forced into the molds iu masses of the same dimension therewith. Between these dies M and the outer end of the clay-receivers D, I interpose a suitable elastic packing adapted to ease the outward pressure on the dies M should hard foreign substance get between the'plunger and die.

O is a second ring or yoke, situated below the ring or yoke J and supported in the bearings Z. This yoke, together with the cam or eccentric P, is adapted to operate the cuttingwire mechanism andthe mechanism for pressing and holding the molds up against the dies.

This yoke is supported in the boxes l,and is provided-on the opposite sides .of itsupper surface with the'` brackets f, by means of which the L-shaped arms are pivot-ally secured to the said yokes.V These L-shaped arms Q pass through the sides of the frame, and are supported on the outside by the. pulleys g, journaled in the depending hangers h,which latter are secured in any suitable manner to the framing A. The verticalportion of these L-shaped arms are each provided with suitable guides, in which the holders B move, and with a setscrew, i, for moving said holders to or from the vertical portions of the L-shaped arms, f'or a purpose to be hereinafter described.

The outer ends of the horizontal portion of the vertical arms are provided on their under surfaces with enlargements S, adapted to elevate the holder R when the arm Q and the ring or yoke O are moved inward. The under side ofthe ring oryoke is also Vprovided on opposite sides with the brackets f', which latter are connected to the bell-crank levers T through the intervention of the links j. These bell-crank levers are centrally pivoted to the beam k, and are connected at their outer ends by links U to the cutting-wire yokes V. These yokes can be of any desired width, and provided on their inner side faces with thelongitudiual grooves fv, in which the ends of these cutting-dies M rest and guide the yoke during the movement. The cutting-wires W are stretched centrally across the bows or yokes, and are rigidly secured at one end thereto, while the opposite or free end thereof is wound on the drum m,journaled in the extensions m. These drums or the shafts carrying them are each provided on the outside of the extensions m with the ratchet-wheel m2, with which the pawls m3 are adapted to engage and hold ythe wire under any degree of tension. By means of these pawls and ratchets the slack can be taken up and the wire caused always to make `a clean out in severing the bricks.

By securing the yokes V to the cutting-dies, as before described, the wire W is causedto bear directly on the outer face of the said dies at every up and down stroke and remove all particles of clay still adhering thereto, and if, for any cause whatever, the cutting-dies are pressed outward, the yoke, being secured thereto, is also moved outward the same distance, and hence at no time changes its relation to the cutting-die.

X are guides situatedimmediately under the cutting-dies M, for the reception of the brickmolds L. These guides X are provided with the side flanges, n, adapted tofhold the molds in position, and prevent them from moving longitudinally. These molds are made like ordinary molds, are provided with as many recesses or cavities as the cutting-dies have apertures, and they are adapted, when placed in position on theguides and held up against the cutting-dies M by the holders R, to exactly register with the apertures in the said cuttingdies. These molds L are removable, and when IOO IIO

with them the mold and firmly hold it against the cutting-dies while the clay is being pressed therein.

The operation of my machine is as follows: Clay, having been previously moistened with Water, is placed in the tempering-mill B. The

shat't C, being turned by any suitable means,

will revolve the tempering-arms, which will thoroughly temper the clay. As both sides of the machine are provided with the same mechanisni and adapted to operate alike, only alternately, it willpbe necessary to describe the operation of one side only. After the slide is withdrawn from over the aperture the clay is forced therein by the presser or feeder when A the plunger D is at theback end of the clayreceptacle. Arsanded mold is placedon the guides in the position `before described, and the cam K and `the yoke J-simultaneously canse the cutting-wireto ascend to the'top of the cutting-dies and the holders R to rise upward and inward, and finally hold the mold against theface of the cutting-die. When the parts are in position, the cam P operates on the yoke J, which forces the plunger O inward, and causes the clay to-pass through the -cutting-dies `into the molds. Just before the holder It and cutting-wire Ware caused to descend, the cam K leaves the yoke J, which latter, together with the plunger I, is free to be moved inward by the expansive action of the clay in the receptacle. While the plunger I is still in position last referred to, or-while it is forced inward, the cam P and ring or yoke O operate simultaneously on` the cutting-wire and holder, which severs the clay in the mold from that contained in the receptacle. The mold, with the bricks therein, is then removed by an o-bearer and another substituted in its stead, and the operation repeated.

The operation of the opposite side of the machine is exactly similar to the side described;

but the movement of the parts on the opposite sides is in the opposite direction, so that when one mold is being placed on the machine on one side aiilled mold is being taken ott' on the other. By means of the setascrew i, the

holders R are moved to or from the upright portion of the'arm Q, to more securely hold the molds L in close contact with the cuttingdies M.

In Fig.6, Ihave shown a modified form ofconstruction cfa portion of the operating mechanism. In this construotion-the parts composing theframe are made of castmetahwhich renders the frame strong and durable, with a comparatively small increase of weight `over the original design. The rings or yokes J (shown in Fig. 7) can also be made of cast metal, if de sired, and consist of the t-worings secured in position as shown'in Fig. 6, and provided with the friction-rollers s,`"with which thecamsK and Pengage to operate the plun gers and the cutting and-molding mechanism before described.

Fig. 8 shows a detached modification View of the dies and cuttin`g-wire with its koperatingbow. This bow is shaped as shown, and is provided with means for tightening the wire W, whichlatter issituated in this present instance at the upper end of the bowinste'ad of the middle of the yoke, as shown in the previous construction. This bow is also adapted to move in grooves in `the side Vof the die, or vice versa,` `similar to the construction shown in Fig. 4. AThe downwardly-projecting ,arm t of Fig. 8 is adapted to be secured to the L-shaped arm T, and operate precisely like the previous con-l struction; but,if so desired, my improved machine can be composed principallycf wood; but those parts which are exposed toconstant wear can be made of metal, or wood 'covered with metal, as desired. The device is'adapted to be placed on runners or wheels, whichenables it to be transported from place to place, is composed of few parts, and requires but few hands to operate it, andis adapted torun at a high rate of speed, and to turn out daily a large number of bricks regular in shape and at a comparatively smallontlay. .Y

It is evident that numerous changes in the construction of the different partis might be resorted to without departing from` the spirit of my invention; and hence I would have it understood that I do not limit myself to the exact construction of parts shown and described, but consider myself fat liberty to make such changes as fairly fall within the spirit and scopeof my invention.

Having fully described myinvention, what I claim Vas new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is f ICO ]. In a brick-machine, the combination, with a tempering-mill provided with one or more discharging-apertures for clay and `movable slides or cut-offs for closing said apertures,'of a vertically-revolvin g shaft provided with any suitable number of tempering-.arms or cutters, and one or more inclined pressers or feeders adapted-to force the clay into suitable receivers preparatory to molding, and one or more vertically-movable stops adapted to hold the clay while the inclined pressers or feeders force it into the said receivers, substantially as set forth; d

2. In a brick-machine,the combination, with a clay-receiver having a shaping-die secured to one end, of an elastic packing introduced between the said receiver and die, substantially as set forth.

3. In abrick-machine, the combination, with the tempering-,mill and receivingfchafmber having cutting-dies secured to the outer end, of a; yoke carrying a cutting-wire, the said yoke loosely connected to the sidesof the cuttingdie and adapted toy move the said cuttingwire over the face of the said cutting-die, subi stantially as set forth.

IIO

IIS

IZO

4. In a brick-machine, the combination, with the tempering-mill having apertures for the passage of the clay, and a rotating shaft provided With presser or feeder arms, of vertical- 5 ly-novable slides adapted to hold the clay while the presser-arms force it through the apertures, substantially as set forth.

5. In a brick-machine, thecombination, with the L-shaped arm provided with any suitable xo holder for holding the mold in position, of the 7. In a brick-machine, the combination, with the mill B, receiver D, and dies M, of'the shaft C, cam I), yoke O, arm Q, holder R, mold L, bell-crank T, yoke J, and WireW, substantially as set forth. zo

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. l

ISRAEL GULLEN.

Witnesses:

G. W. RANKIN, J AMES GULLEN.

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