US2754254A

US2754254A - Production of lubricating oils of high viscosity index

Info

Publication number: US2754254A
Application number: US359328A
Authority: US
Inventors: Sam H Hastings; Albert T Watson
Original assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering Co
Current assignee: ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
Priority date: 1953-06-03
Filing date: 1953-06-03
Publication date: 1956-07-10
Anticipated expiration: 1973-07-10

Description

July 10, 1956 s. H. HASTINGS m-AL 2,754,254

PRODUCTION OF' LUBRICATING OILS OF HIGH VISCOSITY INDEX Filed June 5, 1953 United tates arent Og PRODUCTIN F LUBRiCATNG OILS 0F HIGH VISCGSHY INDEX Sam H. Hastings and Albert T. Watson, Baytown, Tex., assignors, by mesne assignments, to Esso Research and Engineering Company, Elizabeth, N. J., a corporation of Delaware Application .inne 3, 1953, Serial No. 359,328 s Claims. (ci. 19e-147) The present invention is directed to a method of producing high viscosity index lubricating oils. More particularly, the invention is directed to a method by which deleterious lubricating oil components are removed from a lubricating oil fraction containing them. In its more specific aspects, the invention is directed to a three-stage adsorptive separation process in which a lubricating oil fraction containing beneficial and detrimental components is separated selectively into the beneficial components and the detrimental components and the former recovered.

This application is a continuation-in-part of Serial No. 278,548, now Patent No. 2,643,217, entitled .Production of High Viscosity Index Lubricating Oils, filed March 26, 1952, for Albert T. Watson and Sam H. Hastings.

The invention may be described briey as involving a method for producing high viscosity index lubricating oil from a lubricating oil fraction containing condensed ring naphthenic and condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons in admixture with parainic and single ring naphthenic and single ring aromatic hydrocarbons in which the condensed ring naphthenic and the condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons are removed and a lubricating oil containing substantially only paratiinic and single ring naphthenic and single ring aromatic hydrocarbons is recovered.

The invention involves also a method for producing high viscosity index lubricating oil in which a lubricating oil fraction containing parainic, single and condensed ring naphthenic and single and condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons is separated into a rst fraction containing predominantly saturated lubricating oil components and a second fraction containing predominantly aromatic lubricating oil components. The iirst fraction is separated into a third fraction containing condensed ring naphthenic lubricating oil components and a fourth fraction containing paratlinic and single ring naphthenic lubricating oil components. The second fraction is separated into a fifth fraction containing single ring aromatic lubricating oil fractions and a sixth fraction containing condensed ring aromatic lubricating oil components. The fourth and iifth fractions are combined and there is recovered from the combined fourth and iifth fractions a lubricating oil of high viscosity index, higher than that producible in conventional operations.

The invention may be practiced such that thelubricating oil fraction is separated into a predominantly saturated lubricating oil component and a predominantly aromatic lubricating oil component by charging the lubricating oil fraction and an aromatic hydrocarbon fraction alternately to a bed of silica gel, such that the predominantly aromatic-containing components in the lubricating oil are adsorbed preferentially with the predominantly saturated lubricating oil components being nonadsorbed. On .charging of the aromatic hydrocarbon fraction, which has a boiling point lower than the boiling point of the lubricating -oil fraction, Athe Yaromatic Yhydrocarbon frac- 2,754,254 Patented July 1G, 1956 tion is adsorbed and the aromatic lubricating oil components are desorbed allowing them to be recovered.

The predominantly saturated lubricating oil component which will include paraiiins, condensed and single ring naphthenes, is then charged to a bed of activated carbon and the feed thereto alternated with a parainic hydrocarbon solvent having a boiling point lower than the boiling point of the lubricating oil fraction and the boiling point of the aromatic hydrocarbon fraction. By alternately charging the predominantly saturated lubricating oil component and the paratlnic hydrocarbon solvent to the bed of activated carbon the single ring naphthenic and the paratinic hydrocarbons are selectively adsorbed and the condensed ring naphthenic hydrocarbons are substantially unadsorbed, allowing a separation to be made and two fractions to be recovered from the bed of carbon alternately, one fraction containing condensed naphthenic hydrocarbon components and the other fraction containing para'inic and single ring naphthenic lubricating oil components.

The predominantly aromatic hydrocarbon fraction recovered from the bed of silica gel is charged to a bed of alumina gel and the feed thereto alternated with an aromatic hydrocarbon fraction having a boiling point lower than the boiling point of the lubricating oil fraction whereby the predominantly aromatic lubricating oil component is separated into a fraction containing single ring aromatic lubricating oil components and another fraction containing condensed ring lubricating oil components, the alumina gel adsorbing selectively the condensed ring Varomatic lubricating oil components which are desorbed by the aromatic hydrocarbon fraction which, in turn, is adsorbed by the alumina gel resulting in the alternate recovery from the bed of fractions containing single ring aromatic lubricating oil components in one instance and in another instance condensed ring aromatic lubricating oil components. The fractions which contain the single ring aromatic components and the parafnic and single ring naphthenic lubricating oil components are combined and subjected to a recovery operation, such as a distillation operation to allow recovery of a iinished lubricating oil fraction consisting substantially of single ring aromatic and single ring naphthenic hydrocarbons and parainic hydrocarbons.

The silica gel employed in the practicev of the present invention will be the silica gel of commerce having a mesh in the range from about 14 to about 250 mesh but which may range as high as 350 mesh. Silica gel is a well known article of commerce and further description thereof need not be given here.

The activated carbon or activated charcoal, as it is sometimes termed, may be obtained from a large number of well known sources. For example, the activated carbon or charcoal may be prepared from bagasse, kelp, fruit pits, coconut-s, farm products, ,such as corn cobs, cereals, waste cellulosic material, lblood, petroleum acid sludges, petroleum residues Vand many other materials too numerous to mention here. TheY activated carbon or charcoal is used in a sense that it has been activated and' will adsorb selectively hydrocarbons by types. Methods of activating carbon or charcoal are well .known and l since these methods do not form part of the invention they will not be described here. The activated carbon Or charcoal will have mesh sizes comparable to that specified for silica gel.

The alumina gel will suitably be activated alumina and may be prepared by any of lthe methods .well known to the art, such as, for example, by heating alpha alumina -trihydrate to drive oit combined water, or by drying and heating the gel formed 'by precipitation of AlCls With ammonia or alkali. See also Encyclopedia o'f Chemical Technology edited by R. E. Kirk and Donald F. Othmer,

theV nterscience Encyclopedia Inc., New York, 1947, vol. I, pp. 642-3. The alumina gel will have mesh sizes comparable to lthat of the silica gel and the activated charcoal.

The inventionwill suitably be practiced at temperatures in the range from about 60 up to about 120 F. with preferred temperatures in the range from about 80 -to about 100 F.

The several porous adsorbents including silica gel, activated carbon and alumina gel may suitably be used in beds and particularly in elongated vertical beds. It is desirable to provide the beds having a length to diameter ratio inthe range from about 1:1 to about 200:1 with length yto diameter ratios in the range from about 3 to about 100:1.being preferred. Good results may be obtained with length to diameter ratios of about 14 to 28:1. ltV mayralso be desirable to provide suitable internal bafing equipment, such as vertical and horizontal baffles, in Ithe columns to prevent channeling and also to allow contact between the streams flowing through the bed and the porous adsorbent; in fact, the beds may be suitably partitioned to provide in one particular bed a plurality of small beds having -high ratios of length to diameter.

In view of the viscous nature of the lubricating oil fraction which might make the process of the'present invention unattractive due to slow ow through `the beds and in View of the upper temperature limit of 120 F. in which satisfactory separation is eected, it is desirable to admix the lubricating oil fraction with anaphthenic solvent or fraction boiling in the range from about 100 -to` about 360 F. This naphthenic lsolvent may contain hydrocarbons having carbon atoms in the molecule. The naphthenic hydrocarbon solvent, it will be clear, boils below the boiling point of the lubricating oil fraction.

The aromatic hydrocarbon fraction which is charged alternately to the beds of silica gel and alumina gel is suitably a toluene concentrate boiling in -the range from about 90 to about 320 F. and containing approximately 50 to 100%V of toluene but may be a xylene-containing -fraction, if desired. When the aromatic hydrocarbon fraction is a toluene concentrate it will have a boiling point lower than the naphthenic hydrocarbon fraction.

The paranic hydrocarbon fraction which is charged alternately to the bed of activated carbon suitably has a boiling point in the range from 80 to 310 F. and should boil below lthe boiling point o'f the naphthenic hydrocarbon fraction.

The presen-t invention will -be further illustrated by reference to the drawing in which Ithe single iigure is a ow diagramV of a preferred Imode of operation.

IReferring now to the drawing numeral 11 designates a charge tank which contains, for example, a deWaXed lubricating oil fraction which is introduced -into the systernvby line 12 containing pump 13 and valve 14. By operating pump 13 and opening valve 14 the lube fraction is pumped through line 12. Line 12 -is joined by line 15 which connects to tank 16 which contains a naphthenic hydrocarbon fraction which is introduced by line 15Y containing pump 17 and valve 18 `to adjust the viscosity of the lube fraction in line 12. Ordinarily the ratio of lube y.fraction -to naphthenic hydrocarbon fraction will be aboutrlcZ but other ratios may be employed depending on the viscosity o'f the lube fraction. It should be su'icient to say that a suicient amount of the naphthenic hydrocarbon fraction should be introduced -by line 15 into line l12 -to provide a viscosity of the admixture in the range from yabout 30 to 200 SSU which will allow the mixture lto flow readily through adsorption column 19 which contains a bed of silica gel 20 indicated generally by the shaded portion.

The admixture of lube fraction and the naphthenic hydrocarbon flows through line 12 controlled by valve 21-into branch line 22 and thence downwardly through the bed of silica gel resulting in the selective adsorption of the predominantly aromatic components in the'lube fraction. After the capacity ot the silica Vgel for the aromatics present in the lube traction is used, flow through

lines

12 and 15 is discontinued by shutting down pumps 13 and 17 and closing valves 14 and 1S, valve 21 being also closed. At this point in the operation, an aromatic hydrocarbon fraction, such as a toluene concentrate, is introduced into the system from tank 23 and through line 24 containing pump 25. Line 24 connects into line 2.6 which also connects into line 22. The valve 27 in line 26 is in the open position andallows flow from tank 23 through

lines

24, 25 and 22. The toluene concentrate serves to desorb the aromatic lubricating oil components adsorbed on the silica gel bed 20 with the aromatics in the toluene concentrate being adsorbed selectively. These operations are alternated such that there is recovered from the adsorption zone 19 by line 28 controlled by valve 29 a rst traction and a second fraction. The rst fraction contains the substantially saturated lubricating oil components which are discharged by line 30 controlled by Valve 31 Vinto a` distillation zone 32 while the second fraction is alternately discharged by line 33 controlled by valve 34 into distillation tower 35. The second fraction contains the aromatic lubricating oil components in admixture with the naphthenic hydrocarbon and the toluene concentrate while the saturated lubricating oil components introduced into distillation tower 32 contains naphthenic hydrocarbon and toluene concentrate. In'distillation zone 32 which is a conventional distillation apparatus and which is contemplated will be provided with all auxiliary equipment necessary for such operation, the predominantly saturated fraction is distilled to recover therefrom the toluene concentrate which is withdrawn as an overhead fraction through line 36 and routed thereby back into tank 23, the saturated lubricating oil componentsv in admixture with the naphthenic hydrocarbon traction being discharged by line 37 into a stock tank 38 from which this fraction is withdrawn for further processing as will be described.

The predominantly aromatic lubricating oil fraction introduced into distillation zone 35 by line 33 is distilled to recover as `an overhead fraction toluene concentrate which is withdrawn by line 39 and introduced back into tank 23 by Way of branch line 40 which connects into line 36. It is understood, of course, that distillation zone 35, like distillation zone 32, is provided with all auxiliary equipment necessary for such distillation opera-y tions. The predominantly aromatic lubricating oil com-` ponents in admixture with naphthenic hydrocarbon fractions'are withdrawn from zone 35 by line 41 into a stock tank 42 from whence the aromatic lubricating oil components may be withdrawn for further processing as will be described.

The predominantly saturated lubricating oil components in tank 3S,are alternately Ycharged by line 43 containing valve-V 44 and pump 45 into a second adsorption zoneA 46 which contains a bed of activated carbon 47 indicated generally by the shaded portion. The ow of the saturated' lubricating oil components through adsorption zone 46 is' alternated with flow of a parafnic hydrocarbon whichl is withdrawn from tank 4S and introduced. into zone 46 by line 49 containing pump 50 and controlled by yalve 51. The substantially saturated lubricating oil components in tank 38A are charged to the zone 46 until the capacity of the activated carbon therein-forv adsorbing the parains and the single ring naphthenes which are more strongly held on the activated carbonthanV the condensed ring` naphthenes has been utilized.V When'theT capacityV of` the activated Vcarbon has been utilized for'a'dso'rbing the paraffins and the single' ring naphthene's, flow into adsorption zone 46 from tank 38 is interrupted-by shutting down pump 45 'and closing; valve 44; then flow from tank 48 is initiated by starting up pump 50 and opening up valve 51. As a result the condensedY naphthenes whichhave a vei'yf low viscosity index and are not as strongly adsorbed as the more parafiinic materials appear in the eiiiuent from zone 46 prior to the better quality lubricating oil fractions which are more paraliinic in nature. As a result of alternating the ow of the fraction from tank 38 with the paranc hydrocarbons in tank 43, there are withdrawn from zone 46 by line 52 controlled by valve 53 third and fourth fractions which are introduced, respectively, by line 54 controlled by valve 55 into distillation zone 56 and by line 57 controlled by valve 58 into distillation Zone S9. The fraction in line 54 is the third fraction which contains condensed ring lubricating oil naphthenes, naphthenic hydrocarbon fraction and the paraftinic hydrocarbon fraction while the fraction in line 57 is the fourth fraction which contains paratiinic and single ring naphthenic lubricating oil components as welll as naphthenic hydrocarbon and paratlinic hydrocarbon fractions.

It is to be understood that distillation zones 56 and 59 are similar to

distillation zones

32 and 35 and are provided with all auxiliary equipment needed for all such operations.

By operating distillation zone 56 the paralhnic hydrocarbon fraction being of a lov/er boiling point than the naphthenic boiling fraction is withdrawn overhead from zone 56 by line 6i) and is discharged thereby back into tank 48 Vfor reuse in the process. A fraction containing condensed ring lubricating oil components and naphthenic hydrocarbon fraction is discharged by line 6i into a distillation zone 62 where a separation is made between the condensed ring naphthenic lubricating oil components and the naphthenic hydrocarbon fraction, the latter being recovered by line 63 as an overhead fraction and returned by line 64 to tank 16 for reuse in the process as has been described, the condensed ring naphthenic lubricating oil components being discharged from the system by line 65 for further use as may be desired.

The paraiiinic lubricating oil fraction containing the single ring naphthenic lubricating oil components in admixture with naphthenic and parainic hydrocarbon fractions is distilled in zone 59 to remove as an overhead fraction the paraiiinic hydrocarbon fraction by line 66 which connects into line 60 and returns the paraliinic hydrocarbon fraction to tank 48 while the paradinic and single ring aromatic lubricating oil components are withdrawn from zone 59 by line 67 for further processing as will be described.

The predominantly aromatic hydrocarbon etiiuent from adsorption Zone 19 which is contained in tank 42 and is an admixture of aromatic lubricating oil components and naphthenic solvent is withdrawn by line 68 containing pump 69 and valve 7) and routed into line 71 which introduces the admixture into a third adsorption zone 72 which is provided with a bed 73 of alumina gel indicated generally by the shaded portion. Alternately to the charge of the aromatic lubricating oil material contained in tank 4Z there is charged to the adsorption zone 72 the toluene concentrate contained in tank 23 which is routed to zone 72 by line 24 which connects into line 74 controlled by valve 75 which, in turn, connects into line 71. By alternately charging the toluene concentrate and the aromatic lubricating oil components in tank 42, it is possible to separate the aromatic lubricating oil components into a fraction containing condensed ring aromatic lubricating oil components and a fraction containing single ring lubrieating oil components. The alumina gel in bed 73 will selectively adsorb the condensed ring aromatic lubricating oil components which will allow a separation. By charging alternately to the charge of the aromatic lubricating oil components the toluene concentrate, it is possible to desorb the adsorbed material from the alumina gel and to obtain iifth and sixth fractions from the adsorption zone 72. Thus the efiiuent discharged by line 76 may be separated into a iifth fraction which is introduced by line 77 controlled by valve 78 into a distillation zone 79. The tifth fraction will contain the single ring aromatic lubricating oil components, toluene concentrate and naphthenic hydrocarbon solvent. A sixth fraction which contains condensed ring aromatic lubricating oil components, toluene concentrate and a naphthenic fraction is routed by line 80 controlled by valve 81 into a distillation zone 82. Distillation-

zones

79 and 82 are like the other distillation zones in that they are provided with all auxiliary equipment necessary for such operations. In distillation zone 79 conditions are adjusted to remove the toluene concentrate as an overhead fraction by line 83 for recycling to tank 23 as will be described further. A fraction containing single ring aromatic lubricating oil components and naphthenic hydrocarbon fraction is withdrawn from distillation zone 79 by line 84 for further processing as will be described.

The condensed ring lubricating oil components introduced into zone 82 by line 80 is also distilled by adjustment of conditions in zone 82 to allow recovery of the toluene concentrate as an overhead fraction by line S5. As will be noted, line 83 ties into line 85. Line 85 connects into line 40 which, in turn, connects to line 36 allowing the return of the toluene concentrate to tank 23. The condensed ring aromatic lubricating oil components and naphthenic hydrocarbon fraction is Withdrawn from zone 82 by line Sti which introduces this material into a distillation zone 87 which is like the other distillation zones and is employed to separate the naphthenic hydrocarbon fraction from the condensed ring aromatic lubricating oil components. The conditions are adjusted in zone 87 to remove the naphthenic hydrocarbon fraction by line 8S which connects into line 89 and thence with line 90 which allows the naphthenic hydrocarbon fraction to be returned by line 64 to tank 16 for reuse in the process.

The condensed ring aromatic lubricating oil components are withdrawn from the system by line 91 and thereafter used as a cracking stock or as a feed stock to a hydrodealkylation unit.

The fractions withdrawn from

zones

59 and 79, which are the fourth and fifth fractions, by lines 67 and S4 are admixed and introduced by line 92 into still another distillation zone 93 which is like the other distillation zones which have been described. Conditions are adjusted in zone 93 to remove as overhead fraction the naphthenic hydrocarbon solvent by line 94 which connects into line 9i? allowing the naphthenic hydrocarbon fraction to be routed by line 64 to tank 16. The finished lubricating oil of high viscosity index is withdrawn from zone 93 by line 9:7. This lubricating oil consists substantially of omy single ring aromatic hydrocarbons and single ring naphthenic hydrocarbons and paraiiinic hydrocarbons, the condensed ring naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons having been discarded as has been described.

It is desirable to route the predominantly saturated lubricating oil components in tank 33 by way of line 100 controlled by valve 10i for admixture with the single ring aromatic lubricating oil components withdrawn from zone 79 by line 84. To this end, the single ring aromatic lubricating oil components in line 84 may be admixed with the predominantly saturated lubricating oil components in line by closing valve 102 in line 84 and withdrawing the single ring aromatic lubricating oil components from line 34 by line 103, controlled by valve M34, connecting into line 100, and then discharging the combined streams from the system by line for use as a high viscosity index lubricating oil.

it is understood, of course, when this procedure is followed, valve 44 in line 43 may be partially or completely closed or a portion of the stock in tank 38 routed into line 43 and another portion routed into line 100 as described.

A feature of the present invention is employing porous adsorbents which will separate among the various types of hydrocarbons in a lubricating oil fraction. Another feature of the invention is employing hydrocarbon fractions for use as dluents and kdesorbing agents which have divergent boiling points such that the viscosityof the lubricating oil fraction is reducedV and such that the adsorbents'areregenerated by alternately owing the aromatic hydrocarbon fraction and the parajinic hydrocarbon fraction through the beds of porous adsorbent as has beenl described. By Virtue of the divergent or different boiling points, it is possible to make a separation among the various hydrocarbons separated as to types as provided in our invention.

Suitable feed stocks for the practice of the present invention are, for example, lubricating oil fractions, such asrdistillates or residua, from Panhandle crudes from the Panhandle field in Texas and from Texas Coastal crudes.

The fractions are preferably deasphalted and dewaxed prior to passing them to the adsorption system.

The following table shows the volume percent yield and the V. I. characteristics of hydrocarbon fractions obtainable from a dewaxed Panhandle Medium Motor Oil Distillate.

Table Vol. V. I Percent Total Fraction 100 91. 4 Separate fractions:

' Parainio and naphthenlc 60 124 Condensed naphthenic. 47 Single ring aromatic..." 8 95 Condensed ring aromatic 22 38 to -81 It will be seen from these data that by blending together the paraflinic and naphthenic fraction, which has a viscosity index of 124, and the single ring aromatic fraction having a viscosity index of 95, a lubricating oil of extremely high viscosity index may be obtained in good yield. By the conventional process of phenol extraction, it is not possible to raise the V. I'.l of such a distillate appreciably above 100, regardless of the severity of the extraction. For example, a V. I. of about 105 will be obtained when phenol extracting such a stock to about 60% yield.

The nature and objects of the present invention having been completely described and illustrated, what we wish to claim as new and useful and to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. A method for producing a high viscosity index lubricating oil which comprises separating by adsorption on silica gel a lubricating oil fraction containing parafnic, single and condensed ring naphthenic and single and condensed ring aromatic components into a first fraction containing predominantly saturated lubricating oil components and a second fraction containing predominantly aromatic lubricating oil components, separating by adsorption on activated alumina the second fraction into a fraction containing single ring aromatic lubricating oil components and a fraction containing condensed ring aromatic lubricating oil components, admixing said single ring aromatic lubricating oil components with said pre-l dominantly saturated lubricating oil components and recovering from said admixture a lubricating oil `of high viscosity index.

2. A method for producing a high viscosity lubricating oil which comprises alternately charging to a bed of silica gel a lubricating oil fraction containing paraftinic, single and condensed ring naphthenic, and single and condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons and an aromatic hydrocarbon fraction of a boiling point lower than that of the lubricating oil fraction, alternately recovering from the bed of silica gel a tirst fraction containing predominantly saturated lubricating oil components and a second fraction containing predominantly aromatic lubricating oil components, alternately charging to a bed of alumina gel the second fraction and an aromatic hydrocarbon fraction having a boiling point lower than the lubricating oil fraction, alternately recovering from the bed of alumina gel a fraction containing single ring aromatic lubricating oil components and a fraction containing condensed ring aromatic lubricating oil components, admixing said predominantly saturated lubricating oil components with said single aromatic lubricating oil components, and recovering from said admixture a lubricating oil of high viscosity index.

3. A method in accordance with claim 2 in which the aromatic hydrocarbon fractions alternately charged to the bed of silica gel and alumina gel are identical.

4. A method for producing a high viscosity lubricating oil which comprises alternately charging to a bed of silica gel a lubricating oil fraction containing parainic, single and condensed ring naphthenic, and single and condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons in admixture with a naphthenic hydrocarbon fraction of a boiling point lower than the lubricating oil fraction and an aromatic hydrocarbon fraction of a boiling point lower than that of the lubricating oil fraction and lower than that of the naphthenic hydrocarbon fraction, alternately recovering from the bed of silica gel a iirst fraction containing predominantly saturated lubricating oil components and a second fraction containing predominantly varomatic lubricating oil components, alternately charging to a bed of alumina gel the second fraction and an aromatic hydrocarbon fraction having a boiling point lower than the lubricating oil fraction, alternately recovering from the bed of alumina gel a fraction containing single ring aromatic lubricating oil components and a fraction containing condensed ring aromatic lubricating oil components, admixing said predominantly saturated lubricating oil components with said single ring aromatic lubricating oil components and recovering from said admixture a lubricating oil of high viscosity index.

5. A method in accordance with claim 4 in which the naphthenic hydrocarbon fraction boils in the range between l00 and 360 F. and the aromatic hydrocarbon fraction is a toluene concentrate boiling in the range between and 320 F.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS

Claims

1. A METHOD FOR PRODUCING A HIGH VISOSITY INDEX LUBRICATING OIL WHICH COMPRISES SEPARATING BY ADSORPTION ON SILICA GEL A LUBRICATING OIL FRACTION CONTAINING PARAFFINIC, SINGLE AND CONDENSED RING NAPHTHENIC AND SINGLE AND CONDENSE RING AROMATIC COMPONENTS INTO A FIRST FRACTION CONTAINING PREDOMINANTLY SATURATED LUBRICATING OIL COMPONENTS AND A SECOND FRACTION CONTAINING PREDOMINANTLY AROMATIC LUBRICATING OIL COMPONENTS, SEPARATING BY ADSORPTION ON ACTIVATED ALUMINA THE SECOND FRACTION INTO A FRACTION CONTAINING SINGLE RING AROMATIC LUBRICATING OIL