US2747665A - Edge trimmer for advancing sheet material - Google Patents

Description

May 29, 1956 s. s. MINER 2,747,665

EDGE TRIMMER FOR ADVANCING SHEET MATERIAL Filed Feb. 5, 1954 ATTORNEY United States Patent EDGE- FGR SHEET MATERIAL Samuel; 5.. Miner, lVIishawaha, Ind, assignor to United States Rubber Company, New Yorlk N. Y.,.a corporation. ofNew Jersey Application. February 3, 1954j.Serial'1Noa40fl ,865 1'0Claims. c1. 164-39).

This invention relates to a trimmer for. sheet material, and. more specifically it relates to a trimmer adapted to trim automatically excess coating from a continuously advancing web of coatedfabric or the like.

In. producing coated fabrics and similiar articles, frequently the fabric or other base. has applied. thereto an excess. of coating. material which extends beyond the edges ofthe base. For example coated fabrics. are commonly produced by a calender coating process in which a continuous thin coating sheet of rubber, resinor. the like several. feet Wide and of continuous lengthv is pro.- duced' on a. calender. This. coating sheet advances continuously through the nip of a final pair of'the calender roll's simultaneously with a base sheet of fabric, paper or the; like several feet in width and of great length. As the two sheets pass through this nip, the coating. sheet is pressed onto the base sheet to form a coated. fabric or the like. As this product leaves the nip of these rolls, the coating. generally extends beyond the sides of the base some; distance, and before the laminate is ready for sale or use this excess should be. trimmed therefrom so the base and coating are coextensive in the finished product:

It is an object ofthis' invention to provide a trimmer adapted to trim excess coating material from a base sheet to produce thedesired finished product.

in accordance with this invention there is provided a roller" that is mounted to roll along. the back" of the laminate which is to be trimmed. The laminate is led pastthisroller in such a manner thatthe' roller may con.- tact and roll along the edge ofthe'base sheet: The roller is mounted such that it' also may" be translated along. a fixed path which extends transversely of the base sheet to inteieept: the line formed by the edge of the base sheetin a substantial" angle. Consequently the roller may be' positioned such that it will roll either on the hase sheet or on' the overhanging edge of the coating sheer. Iii accordance with this" invention means are providiscl tocause the roller to assume a position in it's' fiixed path where it Will roll precisely on the edge of thebasesheet'as'thebase sheet moves therepast. A knifeis. mounted in fi'xed relation to the roller, and is positioned to. pierce the laminate; Since means are provided to maintain the-roller rolling along the edge oh the base sheet; thi'sknifemaybemounted to cut" the excess coating material from the laminate precisely along the edge of this hase' as the laminate progresses therepast or the knife may be spaced a predetermined distance fromthisedge to trim' only a: parfi of the coating should such a finishediproducti be" desired.

In: accordance with this invention the means to maintain the roller rolling precisely alongthe edge of" the base fabridcomprises an axle for the roller which is mounted at a slight angle; to the line formed by the-edge oh" the base fabric. The roller' rotates about this; axis and. consequently theroller tends to=roll at a slight angle to the edge of the base. Consequently" as the: laminate passes' the roller itexerts a force: thereon which tends'to' translate the roller in an. angular direction with. respect to. theedge of the base. Since the roller is mounted such thatit may lie-translated along a fixed path. disposed in an angular relation to the edge of the base, the roller: may be translated in response to this. force. Means are provided. to. exert a. uniform. force on the roller. tending to resist this translation. This force: is selected such that. itis great enough: to overcome the tendency of the roller to be. translated when it is in frictional engagemenL with one of the. elements in the laminate, i. e. the coatingor the. base, but it is. not great enough to overcome. this tendency to move: when the roller is in frictional'. engagement with the other element in the laminate. Consequently when. the roller is running on the first elementof. the. laminate the. force will move the roller toward the. edge of. the base until itruns: on. theother element. of the. laminate- Conversely when the roller runslonthe second. element of. the laminate, the force: on the. rollerwill overcome this fixed forceand: move the roller toward the firstv element of the laminate. Consequently a position of equilibrium willbe; achieved where the roller is. running. partially on the base and. partially on. the coating, i. e; along the: edge of. the base, and the roller: will follow this. edgeshould itdeviate from a straight: line as the. laminate: is ledpast therolleru In. one specific-embodiment of-. this invention the roller comprises. a. wheel thatis mounted. on. an: axle. This axle.-is; mounted ona. carriage. in amannen such that the Wheel is: canted inwardly slightly withrespect to theedge oflthebase; Thefixedforceais provided by. a second-wheel mounted on an. axleon the. same carriage. This second wheel=is canted: outwardly toward. the edge of. the. base; consequently the two wheels. are canted inwardly toward each other andtthe'second-wheel runs always on the-base. The carriage is mounted for movement along a shaft disposed in-anangular direction to the edge of'thet base. A. knife is. mounted on. the carriage. in fixed relation in spacewto the first wheels As the laminate isled past this. carriagein contact with both wheels, the second wheel which is always. in contact with the base will, because. of. itsv canted position. in relation to: the direction of movement of: the laminate therepast, tend to move the carriage along the shaft in onedirection; inc. the second-will tend to run; 01f the. base. Conversely the first wheel which is adaptedto run. along: the. edge of the base will tend to move the carriagein the other direction alongtheshaft; i.- e.. the-first wheel will tend to run onto the base. The. surfaces. of the wheels are made suchthat when. bothwheels. are runningonthe base, the second wheel has a greater rict-ional. drag thereon than the. first and consequently the carriage will move inresponse. to. the. urging. of this second wheel. However the surfaces of the wheels: are such that when. the fir-st wheel is running onthe coating, it. exerts a force on the carriage sufficientto overcome thanofthesecond wheel running"; on the base This-may be. achieved easily because the natures of the. coating and basev are such that the. coating. will exert a. greater drag.v on the wheel. than will the base. Consequently as the fabric. is led past: thev carriage, the. carriage will assumea position onits shaft such that. the. first wheel is running partially on the overhanging edge of the coating. and. partially on the. base and this wheel will. followthis edge. oi the base as the laminate is. led therepast.. A knife is mounted on the carriage in a position to. trim=the lan1ii1ate,,and sincev the carriage follows the edge of. the base this knife will trim the excess coating from the laminate.

For a Better; understanding of the nature of this. in= vention, reference should be hiad to the following detailed description when read in" conjunction with the accompanying drawing, wherein:

Fig. l is an end elevational view of the trimmer in accordiance with this invention showing it mounted in the exit end of the nip of a pair of calender rolls and illustrating the use of the trimmer to trim excess coating stock from the edge of a coated fabric; and

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the trimmer in accordance with this invention looking substantially along line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Referring now to the drawing, there is illustrated an embodiment of the trimmer in accordance with this invention which is well suited for trimming excess coating stock from a sheet of coated fabric. In the drawing, this trimmer is illustrated as running in the exit end of a nip of calender rolls 10, 11. These rolls may constitute the final pair of rolls of a calender used to produce a coated fabric. As is well known in the rubber industry, the calender (not shown) calenders a continuous sheet of coating such as rubber, resin or the like to the desired gauge, and a base sheet such as fabric, paper or the like is then led simultaneously with this coating through a final pair of calender rolls where the coating is pressed onto the base sheet to produce the coated fabric. Since the calender and the method of calender coating fabrics are well known and form no part of this invention, they will not be further described here.

As best shown in Fig. 2, the laminate CF as it leaves the calender has the coating C applied to the base sheet F. Generally there is a narrow excess of coating 12 which overhangs the edge 13 of the base sheet F. It is desirable that this excess coating 12 be trimmed from the base sheet along the edge 13 of the base sheet, so that the coating and base sheet are coextensive in the finished laminate. The trimmer in accordance with this invention is well adapted to trim this excess 12 from the coated sheet continuously and automatically.

In the embodiment shown in the drawing, the trimmer comprises a first wheel 14 which is rotatably mounted by means of bearings 15 on an axle 16. This axle 16 is mounted at a slight angle to the edge 13 so that the wheel 14 is canted inwardly slightly toward the base sheet from this edge. This wheel 14 is urged against the laminate CF and against the roller 10 of the calender by means to be described, so that as the laminate CF advances in the direction indicated by the arrow it will tend to rotate the wheel or roller 14. As seen in Fig. 2, the movement of the laminate CF past the roller 14 will exert a orce on this roller which tends to make it roll off the excess coating 12 and onto the sheet F, i. e. downwardly as seen in Fig. 2. This axle 16 is mounted on a carriage that is constrained to move only along a path which lies in an angular direction with respect to the edge 13 of the base sheet.

In the embodiment shown in the drawing, this carriage comprises a post 17 that is fixed in a mounting 18 therefore. The post 17 carries on its opposite end a second wheel 19 that is adapted to run on the base sheet F. As shown in Fig. 2, this wheel 19 is rotatably mounted by means of bearings 20 on an axle that is canted toward the edge 13 of the base sheet F so that the wheels 14, 19 are canted inwardly toward each other. Consequently as the wheel 19 rolls along the base F it will tend to roll off the base onto the excess coating 12, i. e. upwardly as seen in Fig. 2. Therefore it will be seen that rollers 14 and 19 each exert a force on the post 17, which forces since they act in opposite directions tend to counterbalance each other.

The mounting 18 for the post 17 is fixed to a sleeve 22 by connecting member 21. This sleeve 22 embraces a shaft 23 that extends in an angular direction with respect to the edge 13 of the base sheet. In the embodiment shown, the shaft 23 extends substantially at right angles to the edge 13 entirely across the calender. The sleeve 22 is mounted on the shaft 23 for sliding movement longitudinally of this shaft by means of three spaced rollers 24 at each end that are mounted on axles 25 4 carried by straps 26 which are fixed to the sleeve 22. Consequently the sleeve 22 may move freely along the shaft 23 in response to the urgings of the rollers 14, 19 to move these wheels and a cutting knife, to be described, laterally of the laminate CF. Because the sleeve 22 floats on shaft 23, the sleeve may also be rotated about this shaft, and consequently the rollers 14, 19 may be moved into or out of engagement with the laminate CF. I

A lever 27 fixed to the sleeve 22 on the opposite side thereof from post 17 carries a counterweight 28 thereon. This counterweight tends to rotate the sleeve 22 about the shaft 23, and consequently urges the rollers 14, 19 upwardly into firm engagement with the laminate CF and the upper calender roll 10. This sleeve 22 also carries a knife mounting 29 to which a knife 30 is fixed by means of bolt 31. The blade of knife 30 is positioned to pierce the laminate CF substantially in line with wheel 14 in the embodiment shown.

In the operation of the trimmer, the wheels 14 and 19 are urged against the laminate CF by the counterweight 28. As this laminate runs past these wheels, they will rotate about their axes, and because of their canted position, they will also tend to slide along the laminate. Consequently the wheel 14 will urge the carriage downwardly as seen in Fig. 2 and wheel 19 will urge the carriage upwardly as seen in the same figure. Since the wheel 19 is positioned to run always on the base sheet F it will exert a uniform force on the carriage tending to move it along the shaft 23. As the wheel 19 moves the carriage towards the edge 13 of the fabric, the wheel 14 will be moved outwardly toward the overhanging coating 12. The device is constructed in a manner such that the force exerted by the wheel 14 on the carriage when l the wheel 14 is running on the base F is less than the force exerted by the Wheel 19 on the carriage when wheel 19 is also running on the base F. Consequently the carriage will move to the edge 13 of the base F until the wheel 14 is running on the overhanging coating 12. At that point since the coating C offers a much greater frictional resistance to the sliding of the wheel 14 there along than does the base F of fabric, paper or the like, the force exerted on the carriage by the wheel 14 will increase materially. Wheel 14 is constructed such that the force exerted by it when it is on the coating is greater than the force exerted on the carriage by the wheel 19 running on the base F. Consequently the wheel 14 will then tend to move the carriage to a position where the wheel 14 is running on the base F.

A position of equilibrium will be achieved when the wheel 14 is running precisely along the edge 13 of the base F, so that the wheel 14 is running partially on the base F and partially on the overhanging portion 12 of the coating C. Consequently if the edge 13 on which the wheel 14 is running remains straight, the carriage will assume a fixed position on shaft 23. However, should the edge 13 depart from a straight line, the wheel 14 would be running on either the base or the overhanging coating 12 depending upon the direction of departure, and the unbalance thus set up would shift the carriage along shaft 23 until the wheel 14 were once again running along the edge 13 of the base. Thus it will be seen that the wheel 14, and consequently the carriage, will follow precisely the edge of the base as it is led therepast. The knife 30 being mounted on this carriage will similarly follow the edge 13 of the base to trim the overhanging portion 12 of the coating C from the laminate CF. This edge 12 as best shown in Fig. 1 may be led with the roll 10 upwardly into the bank of coating stock to be reused therein if desired.

The forces exerted on the carriage by the wheels 14 and 19 may be balanced by any suitable construction of the apparatus. In the embodiment illustrated this is done conveniently by knurling the surface of wheel 19, and by cutting a plurality of circumferential grooves 38 in wheel 14. When the grooved and knurled wheel are- 2374?, can

both: running on base E, the knurled wheelrwill exert: a greater thrust on the: carriagev than the grooved wheel, but whe'n grooved wheel'1'4'is rnnnington the: excessrcoat ing 12, the grooved wheel will exertl a greaten'thrust on the carriage than the knurled wheeli running'oni the base FL Alternatively,.the surfaces of wheels- 1 4 and 19" may be made' more orless similar, and the angles of cant of thesewheels may be adjusted in amanner about to be described untilthe desired balance is reached.

The trimmerin accordance=with this invention may-be made adjustable to adapt it to trim excess coating-having differentproperties from base sheets or'to provide the desired thrust balance between the wheelst Thus in the embodiment shown in the drawing; the axle 16 of wheel 14 is adjustably mounted on post 17 so that the degree of canting of' the wheel 14 with respect to the edge 13 may be varied as desired. This axle 16 ismounted on a carrier 32 which is mounted on a pivot 3 3 at the end of post-'1-71 The carrier 32' is fitted'in a slot in=post 17 and on its" inner end has aninclined-- shoulder 34 that is projectible abovethe surface of the post- 1-7i The post 17 base threaded portion adjacent this-inclined shoulder $4 and a nut 35 is threaded thereupon for movement longi tu'dinallyof the post 17-. As the-nut 35 is moved toward wheel 14= along the threads on post 1 7-, a bearing surface on nut 35 bears against shoulder 34 to-depress this shoulder' within the slot in post 17 and thus'pivot carrier 32 about its pivot 33' to thereby increase: the anglebetween shaft 16 and edge 13: A spring 3'6held by set screw 37 extends through an opening in post 17 to bear' against the undcredge of carrier 32 to urge should'er 34 against thenut 35; Consequently if the nut 35 is backed oif shoulder 34; spring3'6 will urge carrier32 topivot'a'bout its pivot 33' and thereby decreasetheangle: of shaft 16 with respect to the edge 13 of the'base F. In' thi'smanner' the inclination of wheel 14 with respect to the direction of'travel' of the laminate CF therepastmay'be varied to vary the lateral thrust exerted by this wheel on the carriage; Bythus varying the inclination of wheel 14, the apparatus may be adapted to work with gum stocks or bases having different frictional characteristics with respect to the surface of the wheel 14. So also i'f.desired the angle of inclination of wheel 19 with respect to edge 13' may be varied by'similarly' mounting wheel 19.

So also the, position of knife with" respect to wheel 14 may be varied. In the embodiment shown in the drawing this is accomplished by providing a hollow mounting 18 through which the post 17 slidably extends. The post 17 may be adjusted to any desired position within mounting 18, and the post 17 may be tightened in such position by means of a set screw 39 which extends through the mounting 18 and is adapted to bear against the post 17 therein. Also the apparatus is adaptable to trimming the edge 12 from either side of the coated laminate CF. This may be provided by fixing the mounting 18 pivotally in the member 21, so that mounting 18, post 17 and wheels 14 and 19 may be rotated about an axis through member 21 and extending at right angles to the axis of post 17,

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is:

1. A trimmer adapted to trim sheet material when advancing in a given direction and having a juncture of two materials having different co-elficients of friction with a given object, said juncture having a component of its length extending in the direction of advance of said sheet material, said trimmer comprising a carriage, means adapted to support said carriage for movement along a path disposed in angular relation to the juncture and having a component of its length transverse to the direction of advance of the sheet material, a roller on said carriage adapted to be positioned to roll along the juncture in frictional engagement with the sheet material, said roller being canted on said carriage with respect to the direction that the sheet material is adapted to advance co-efiicient offriction with said roller, said means;beingadapted.=to.=develop.- a force whichis sufiicient to countefi act the; transverse force of said roller on said carriage when. said'l roller is rolling along th'e-juncture-ofthe two materials, and cutting: means,v carried by said carriage adapted to cut: the: sheet material;- whereby: said carriage is adapted: to be. moved' along the pathto a position wherein: said; cutting: means. may be positioned in sub stantially constant relation with the juncture of the sheet material.

21 A trimmeradaptedi to trim a web-of. laminated sheet material when advancing ina given direction-and having a. juncturenformedlby'an overhanging edgeiof'one material having a differentcoeefficient of firicti'on' with agiven object. than the other material in the laminate forming the: juncture, said juncture-having a major component of its length. extending in the direction of advance ofi'said sheet materiaL said trimmer comprising a carriage; means adapted to supportsaid carriage for movement along a path disposedin angular relation to' the junctureand havinga component of itslength= transverse tothedirection of: advance: of. the sheet material, a whecl on said carriage adapted to be positioned to roll along the juncture in frictional engagementwith the sheet material, sai h wheel being. canted.- on said carriage: with: respect to the dime tion: that the: sheet material is adapted to advance past the: carriage and in a direction toroll toward the-material having the: lesser co-eflicient of friction with said wheel; means: to urge. said carriage in a directionadaptedto position said wheelon that material having'the" greater. co-efficient of. frictionwith: said. wheel, said means being adapted to: develop a force which is sufii'cient to-counter act the transverse. force of said wheel onsaid carriagewhen said wheel is rolling along the juncture of the two materials, and a knife carried bysaid carriage adapted to cut: the sheet" material as it advances, whereby said carriage is: adapted to be: moved along the path to aposition wherein said knife may be positioned in substantially constant relation with; the: juncture oi the: sheet material.

3. A trimmer adapted to trim a: web 0h laminated sheet' material when advancingv in a. given: direction and hav ing, ajunctureformed byan overhangingedgeof one of the materials in the laminate that has a different co-efiicicnt of friction with a given object than the other material in the laminate forming the juncture, said juncture having a major component of its length extending in the direction of advance of said sheet material, said trimmer comprising a carriage, means adapted to support said carriage for movement along a path disposed in angular relation to the juncture and having a component of its length transverse to the direction of advance of the sheet material, a first wheel on said carriage adapted to be positioned to roll along the juncture in frictional engagement with the sheet material, said wheel being canted on said carriage with respect to the direction that the sheet material is adapted to advance past the carriage and in a direction to roll toward the material having the lesser coefficient of friction with said wheel, a second wheel on said carriage adapted to be positioned to roll always on the material having the lesser coefficient of friction with said first wheel and in frictional engagement therewith, said second wheel being canted on said carriage with respect to the direction that the sheet material is adapted to advance past the carriage and in a direction to roll toward the material having the greater coeflicient of friction with said first wheel, and cutting means carried by said carriage adapted to cut the sheet material, whereby said carriage is adapted to be moved along the path to a position wherein said cutting means may be positioned in substantially constant relation with the juncture of the sheet material.

4. A trimmer adapted to trim a coated sheet when advancing in a given direction and having a juncture formed by an overhanging excess of coating having a diflerent coefiicient of friction with a given object than the base sheet, said juncture having a major component of its length extending in the direction of advance of said coated sheet, said trimmer comprising a carriage, means adapted to support said carriage for movement along a path disposed in angular relation to the juncture and having a component of its length transverse to the direction of advance of the sheet material, a first wheel on said carriage adapted to be positioned to roll along the juncture in frictional engagement with the coated sheet, said wheel being canted on said carriage with respect to the direction that the coated sheet is adapted to advance past the carriage and in a direction to roll away from the overhanging excess of coating and toward the sheet, a second wheel on said carriage adapted to be positioned to roll always on the sheet and in frictional engagement there with, said second wheel being canted on said carriage with respect to the direction that the coated sheet is adapted to advance past the carriage and in a direction to roll off of the sheet and onto the overhanging excess of coating, and a knife carried by said carriage adapted to cut the excess of coating, whereby said carriage is adapted to move along the path to a position wherein said knife may be positioned in substantially constant relation with the juncture formed by the overhanging excess of coating.

5. A trimmer adapted to trim a web of coated sheet material when advancing in a given direction and having a juncture formed by an overhanging excess of coating having a greater coefficient of friction with a given object than the base sheet, said juncture having a major component of its length extending in the direction of advance of said coated sheet material, said trimmer comprising a carriage, means adapted to support said carriage for movement along a path disposed in angular relation to the juncture and having a component of its length transverse to the direction of advance of the sheet material, an axle carried by said carriage, said axle being canted inwardly with respect to the direction that the coated sheet is adapted to advance past the carriage, a first wheel rotatable on said axle and adapted to be positioned to roll along the juncture in frictional engagement with the coated sheet material, a second wheel carried by said carriage adapted to be positioned to roll always on the base sheet and in frictional engagement therewith, said second wheel being canted on said carriage with respect to the direction that the sheet material is adapted to advance past the carriage and in a direction to roll toward the overhanging excess of coating, and a knife on said carriage adapted to cut the overhanging excess, whereby said carriage is adapted to be moved along the path to a position wherein said knife may be positioned in substantially constant relation with the juncture formed by the overhanging excess of coating.

6. A trimmer in accordance with claim 5 wherein said axle is movable to vary the angular relation between said first wheel and the line presented by the advancing edge of said sheet.

7. A trimmer in accordance with claim 5 wherein said first wheel has a lesser coeflicient of friction with said sheet than said second wheel.

8. A trimmer for an advancing web of coated sheet material having an overhanging excess of coating having a greater coeflicient of friction with a given object than the base sheet, the juncture between said excess of coating and said sheet material having a component of its length extending in the direction of advance of said coated sheet material, comprising a shaft extending transversely of the advancing web, a carriage on said shaft mounted for movement there along, a first wheel on said carriage positionable to roll along the edge of said sheet, said wheel being canted with respect to the edge of said sheet in a direction to roll toward the sheet, a second wheel on said carriage adaptable to roll. always on said sheet, said second wheel being canted inwardly toward said first wheel, said second wheel having a surface of greater coefiicient of friction with said sheet than said first wheel, said wheels being adapted to position said carriage along said shaft in substantially constant relation to said edge and a knife carried by said carriage positioned to cut said Web along the line which said first wheel traverses.

9. A trimmer in accordance with claim 8 wherein said carriage is mounted for rotatable movement about said shaft, and including a counterweight on said carriage urging said wheels in contact with said web.

10. A trimmer in accordance with claim 8 wherein said first wheel is mounted on an axle and including movable means supporting said axle to vary the degree of cant between said first wheel and the edge of said sheet.

No references cited.

Claims (1)

1. A TRIMMER ADAPTED TO TRIM SHEET MATERIAL WHEN ADVANCING IN A GIVEN DIRECTION AND HAVING A JUNCTURE OF TWO MATERIALS HAVING DIFFERENT CO-EFFICIENTS OF FRICTION WITH A GIVEN OBJECT, SAID JUNCTURE HAVING A COMPONENT OF ITS LENGTH EXTENDING IN THE DIRECTION OF ADVANCE OF SAID SHEET MATERIAL, SAID TRIMMER COMPRISING A CARRIAGE MEANS ADAPTED TO SUPPORT SAID CARRIAGE FOR MOVEMENT ALONG A PATH DISPOSED IN ANGULAR RELATION TO THE JUNCTION AND HAVING A COMPONENT OF ITS LENGTH TRANSVERSE TO THE DIRECTION OF ADVANCE OF THE SHEET MATERIAL, A ROLLER ON SAID CARRIAGE ADAPTED TO BE POSITIONED TO ROLL ALONG THE JUNCTURE IN FRICTIONAL ENGAGEMENT WITH THE SHEET MATERIAL, SAID ROLLER BEING CANTED ON SAID CARRIAGE WITH RESPECT TO THE DIRECTION THAT THE SHEET MATERIAL IS ADAPTED TO ADVANCE PAST THE CARRIAGE AND IN A DIRECTION TO ROLL TOWARD THE MATERIAL HAVING THE LESSER CO-EFFICIENT OF FRICTION WITH SAID ROLLER, MEANS TO URGE SAID CARRIAGE IN A DIRECTION ADAPTED TO POSITION SAID ROLLER ON THAT MATERIAL HAVING THE GREATER CO-EFFICIENT OF FRICTION WITH SAID ROLLER, SAID MEANS BEING ADAPTED TO DEVELOP A FORCE WHICH IS SUFFICIENT TO COUNTERACT THE TRANSVERSE FORCE OF SAID ROLLER ON SAID CARRIAGE WHEN SAID ROLLER IS ROLLING ALONG THE JUNCTURE OF THE TWO MATERIALS, AND CUTTING MEANS CARRIED BY SAID CARRIAGEK ADAPTED TO CUT THE SHEET MATERIAL, WHEREBY SAID CARRIAGE IS ADAPTED TO BE MOVED ALONG THE PATH TO A POSITION WHEREIN SAID CUTTING MEANS MAY BE POSITIONED IN SUBSTANTIALLY CONSTANT RELATION WITH THE JUNCTURE OF THE SHEET MATERIAL.

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