US2746864A - Detoxified cottonseed oil foots - Google Patents
Detoxified cottonseed oil foots Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2746864A US2746864A US511814A US51181455A US2746864A US 2746864 A US2746864 A US 2746864A US 511814 A US511814 A US 511814A US 51181455 A US51181455 A US 51181455A US 2746864 A US2746864 A US 2746864A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- foots
- cottonseed oil
- gossypol
- cottonseed
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 38
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- 210000002683 foot Anatomy 0.000 title description 43
- QBKSWRVVCFFDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N gossypol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=C(O)C(O)=C(C=O)C2=C(O)C(C=3C(O)=C4C(C=O)=C(O)C(O)=C(C4=CC=3C)C(C)C)=C(C)C=C21 QBKSWRVVCFFDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- QHOPXUFELLHKAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thespesin Natural products CC(C)c1c(O)c(O)c2C(O)Oc3c(c(C)cc1c23)-c1c2OC(O)c3c(O)c(O)c(C(C)C)c(cc1C)c23 QHOPXUFELLHKAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229930000755 gossypol Natural products 0.000 claims description 19
- 229950005277 gossypol Drugs 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004465 oilseed meal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 alkali metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/21—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by heating without chemical treatment, e.g. steam treatment, cooking
Definitions
- This invention relates to cottonseed oil foots, and to oilseed meal compositions adapted for use as animal feedstuffs. More particularly, the invention provides oilseed meal compositions having improved dusting and pelleting properties due to the incorporation of non-toxic cottonseed oil foots; and provides a commercially feasible process of detoxifying the gossypol present in the typical cottonseed oil foots.
- Cottonseed oil foots or soapstocks are the mixtures of soap, entrained vegetable oil and aqueous liquid which are removed from crude cottonseed oils in the course of an alkaline refining of the oil.
- Raw foots are the semisolid untreated mixtures, in the form in which they are produced.
- Raw foots contain about 35 to 50% by weight of vegetable oil fatty acids, in the form of their alkali metal salts, and about 50% by weight of water.
- lated foots are the black oily liquids produced by treating raw foots with a mineral acid, to release the fatty acids, then isolating the resulting organic phase consisting essentially of fatty acids and neutral oil.
- Acidulated foots con tain from about 85 to 95% fatty acids.
- Cottonseeds usually contain from about /2 to 1 /2 of gossypol and related pigments which are somewhat toxic to non-ruminant animals. Although the seeds are often treated to detoxify the gossypol during the oil extraction, some gossypol is usually carried along with the oil. Cottonseed oil foots usually contain appreciable proportions of free gossypol. The cottonseed oil foots have very little commercial value and usually represent almost a total loss to the oil millers.
- a primary object of the present invention is to provide a process of treating cottonseed oil foots, to detoxify any free gossypol they may contain, and to convert them to non-toxic cottonseed oil foots produced at substantially the same cost the untreated foots are produced.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide oilseed meal compositions which are adapted for use as animal feedstnifs and have improved properties, such as dusting and pelleting properties, imparted by the incorporation of the vegetable oilseed components contained in cottonseed oil foots that have been freed of any toxic gossypol or related pigments.
- the gossypol contained in cottonseed oil foots is uniquely resistant toward the detoxification procedures that are capable of detoxifying the gossypol contained in cottonseed meats and/or meals. For example, heating a moist cottonseed meal at about 100 C. for a few hours will detoxify the gossypol it contains.
- the gossypol contained in cottonseed oil foots stubbornly resists such a treatment, even when the treatment is supplemented by the incorporation of iron salts and/or by air blowing and is prolonged for many hours.
- cottonseed oil foots are converted to non-toxic cottonseed oil foots containing less than about 0.02% free gossypol by heating cottonseed oil foots in a closed vessel to a temperature of from about 210 C. to 220 C. for from about 1 to 3 minutes.
- the invention makes it possible to produce vegetable oilseed meal compositions having improved dusting and pelleting properties. These compositions consist essentially of a vegetable oilseed meal having an oil content of from about 0.5 to 3.0 mixed with from about 1 to 10 parts per parts of meal of cottonseed foots that contain less than about 0.02% free gossypol.
- the detoxified cottonseed oil foots employed can be those obtained by any of the conventional procedures for the alkaline refining of cottonseed oil. They can be employed in their raw or acidulated state. In general, the employment of raw foots is preferred. Where acidulated detoxified foots are desired, the foots are preferably de toxified in the raw state and then acidulated.
- the detoxified raw foots can be acidulated by means of the usual procedures and apparatus for acidulating row foots.
- the foots can be heated by a continuous or batchwise procedure employing any apparatus capable of withstanding the pressure developed by heating an aqueous liquid at the specified temperature.
- a continuous procedure employing a stainless steel apparatus, such as a tubular heater, the inlet and outlet which is closed by a moving plug of the material being heated, is preferred.
- any of the oilseed meals adapted for use as animal feedstuiis can be used.
- the meal can be one from which the oil has been removed by means of pressing and/0r solvent extraction.
- Suitable meals include cottonseed, soybean, peanut, and the like meals.
- the non-toxic cottonseed oil foots can be mixed wth the meals by means of the usual procedures and apparatus for mixing materials.
- Example Samples of cottonseed oil foots obtained by a conventional soda ash refining of crude cottonseed oil were heated in closed vessels for the indicated times at the indicated temperatures.
- the eflfects of the treatment upon the gossypol content of the foots is summaried in the following table.
- a process of converting cottonseed oil foots to detoxified cottonseed oil foots containing less than about 0.02% of free gossypol comprising, heating cottonseed 3 oil foots in a closed vessel to a temperature of from about 210 to 220 C. for from about 1 to 3 minutes.
- a vegetable oilseed meal composition consisting essentially of a vegetable oilseed meal having an oil content of from about 0.5 to 3% mixed with from about 1 to 10 parts per 100 parts of meal of detoxified cottonseed 4 oil foots containing less than about 0.02% of free gossypol produced by heating cottonseed oil foots in a closed vessel to a temperature of from about 210 to 220 C. for from about 1 to 3 minutes.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Description
United States Patent DETOXIFIED COTTONSEED OIL FOOTS Frank C. Pack and Leo A. Goldblatt, New Orleans, La., assignors to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of Agriculture No Drawing. Application May 27, 1955, Serial No. 511,814
2 Claims. (Cl. 99-2) (Granted under Title 35, U. S. Code (1952), see. 266) A nonexclusive, irrevocable, royalty-free license in the invention herein described, for all governmental purposes, throughout the world, with the power to grant sublicenses for such purposes, is hereby granted to the Government of the United States of America.
This invention relates to cottonseed oil foots, and to oilseed meal compositions adapted for use as animal feedstuffs. More particularly, the invention provides oilseed meal compositions having improved dusting and pelleting properties due to the incorporation of non-toxic cottonseed oil foots; and provides a commercially feasible process of detoxifying the gossypol present in the typical cottonseed oil foots.
Cottonseed oil foots or soapstocks are the mixtures of soap, entrained vegetable oil and aqueous liquid which are removed from crude cottonseed oils in the course of an alkaline refining of the oil. Raw foots are the semisolid untreated mixtures, in the form in which they are produced. Raw foots contain about 35 to 50% by weight of vegetable oil fatty acids, in the form of their alkali metal salts, and about 50% by weight of water. lated foots are the black oily liquids produced by treating raw foots with a mineral acid, to release the fatty acids, then isolating the resulting organic phase consisting essentially of fatty acids and neutral oil. Acidulated foots con tain from about 85 to 95% fatty acids.
Cottonseeds usually contain from about /2 to 1 /2 of gossypol and related pigments which are somewhat toxic to non-ruminant animals. Although the seeds are often treated to detoxify the gossypol during the oil extraction, some gossypol is usually carried along with the oil. Cottonseed oil foots usually contain appreciable proportions of free gossypol. The cottonseed oil foots have very little commercial value and usually represent almost a total loss to the oil millers.
A primary object of the present invention is to provide a process of treating cottonseed oil foots, to detoxify any free gossypol they may contain, and to convert them to non-toxic cottonseed oil foots produced at substantially the same cost the untreated foots are produced. A further object of the present invention is to provide oilseed meal compositions which are adapted for use as animal feedstnifs and have improved properties, such as dusting and pelleting properties, imparted by the incorporation of the vegetable oilseed components contained in cottonseed oil foots that have been freed of any toxic gossypol or related pigments.
The gossypol contained in cottonseed oil foots is uniquely resistant toward the detoxification procedures that are capable of detoxifying the gossypol contained in cottonseed meats and/or meals. For example, heating a moist cottonseed meal at about 100 C. for a few hours will detoxify the gossypol it contains. However, the gossypol contained in cottonseed oil foots stubbornly resists such a treatment, even when the treatment is supplemented by the incorporation of iron salts and/or by air blowing and is prolonged for many hours.
However, we have discovered that, although the gossypol content of cottonseed oil foots ranges from minute traces to as much as 4%, and although analyzing the foots to determine their gossypol content and the treating conditions required for each batch would be unfeasibly expensive; non-toxic cottonseed oil foots can economically be produced, by subjecting all of the foots to a short, severe heating under pressure.
in general, in accordance with this invention, cottonseed oil foots are converted to non-toxic cottonseed oil foots containing less than about 0.02% free gossypol by heating cottonseed oil foots in a closed vessel to a temperature of from about 210 C. to 220 C. for from about 1 to 3 minutes. The invention makes it possible to produce vegetable oilseed meal compositions having improved dusting and pelleting properties. These compositions consist essentially of a vegetable oilseed meal having an oil content of from about 0.5 to 3.0 mixed with from about 1 to 10 parts per parts of meal of cottonseed foots that contain less than about 0.02% free gossypol.
The detoxified cottonseed oil foots employed can be those obtained by any of the conventional procedures for the alkaline refining of cottonseed oil. They can be employed in their raw or acidulated state. In general, the employment of raw foots is preferred. Where acidulated detoxified foots are desired, the foots are preferably de toxified in the raw state and then acidulated. The detoxified raw foots can be acidulated by means of the usual procedures and apparatus for acidulating row foots.
The foots can be heated by a continuous or batchwise procedure employing any apparatus capable of withstanding the pressure developed by heating an aqueous liquid at the specified temperature. The use of continuous procedures employing a stainless steel apparatus, such as a tubular heater, the inlet and outlet which is closed by a moving plug of the material being heated, is preferred.
In the production of the oilseed meal composition, any of the oilseed meals adapted for use as animal feedstuiis can be used. The meal can be one from which the oil has been removed by means of pressing and/0r solvent extraction. Suitable meals include cottonseed, soybean, peanut, and the like meals. The non-toxic cottonseed oil foots can be mixed wth the meals by means of the usual procedures and apparatus for mixing materials. The use of detoxified cottonseed oil foots in proportions of from about 1 to 10 parts by weight of foots per 100 parts of meal, is preferred.
The following example is illustrative of the details of at least one method of practicing the invention.
Example Samples of cottonseed oil foots obtained by a conventional soda ash refining of crude cottonseed oil were heated in closed vessels for the indicated times at the indicated temperatures. The eflfects of the treatment upon the gossypol content of the foots is summaried in the following table.
'1. A process of converting cottonseed oil foots to detoxified cottonseed oil foots containing less than about 0.02% of free gossypol, comprising, heating cottonseed 3 oil foots in a closed vessel to a temperature of from about 210 to 220 C. for from about 1 to 3 minutes.
2. A vegetable oilseed meal composition consisting essentially of a vegetable oilseed meal having an oil content of from about 0.5 to 3% mixed with from about 1 to 10 parts per 100 parts of meal of detoxified cottonseed 4 oil foots containing less than about 0.02% of free gossypol produced by heating cottonseed oil foots in a closed vessel to a temperature of from about 210 to 220 C. for from about 1 to 3 minutes.
No references cited.
Claims (1)
1. A PROCESS OF CONVERTING COTTONSEED OIL FOOTS TO DETOXIFIED COTTONSEED OIL FOOTS CONTAINING LESS THAN ABOUT 0.02% OF FREE GOSSYPOL, COMPRISING, HEATING COTTONSEED OIL FOOTS IN A CLOSED VESSEL TO A TEMPERATURE OF FROM ABOUT 210* TO 220* C. FOR FROM ABOUT 1 TO 3 MINUTES.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US511814A US2746864A (en) | 1955-05-27 | 1955-05-27 | Detoxified cottonseed oil foots |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US511814A US2746864A (en) | 1955-05-27 | 1955-05-27 | Detoxified cottonseed oil foots |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2746864A true US2746864A (en) | 1956-05-22 |
Family
ID=24036559
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US511814A Expired - Lifetime US2746864A (en) | 1955-05-27 | 1955-05-27 | Detoxified cottonseed oil foots |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2746864A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2899307A (en) * | 1959-08-11 | Dry stable feed supplement | ||
| US2924525A (en) * | 1957-06-03 | 1960-02-09 | Central Soya Co | Poultry treatment for skin pigmentation |
| US2928737A (en) * | 1953-09-04 | 1960-03-15 | Anderson Clayton & Co | Pelleting cottonseed meal |
| US2934431A (en) * | 1957-09-09 | 1960-04-26 | Ranchers Cotton Oil | Process for forming meal from cottonseed edible by animals and poultry |
| US2958600A (en) * | 1956-11-23 | 1960-11-01 | Benjamin Clayton | Animal feeds and methods of producing same |
| US2968559A (en) * | 1958-12-30 | 1961-01-17 | Benjamin Clayton | Feed product and method of producing same |
| US2991178A (en) * | 1957-08-08 | 1961-07-04 | Clayton Benjamin | Process of producing feed products |
| US3010828A (en) * | 1957-05-22 | 1961-11-28 | Swift & Co | Soap in animal feed |
| US3033683A (en) * | 1958-06-12 | 1962-05-08 | Central Soya Co | Preparation of oilseed meal containing soybean soapstock |
| US3043856A (en) * | 1958-12-11 | 1962-07-10 | Council Scient Ind Res | Removal of gossypol from cotton seed products |
-
1955
- 1955-05-27 US US511814A patent/US2746864A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2899307A (en) * | 1959-08-11 | Dry stable feed supplement | ||
| US2928737A (en) * | 1953-09-04 | 1960-03-15 | Anderson Clayton & Co | Pelleting cottonseed meal |
| US2958600A (en) * | 1956-11-23 | 1960-11-01 | Benjamin Clayton | Animal feeds and methods of producing same |
| US3010828A (en) * | 1957-05-22 | 1961-11-28 | Swift & Co | Soap in animal feed |
| US2924525A (en) * | 1957-06-03 | 1960-02-09 | Central Soya Co | Poultry treatment for skin pigmentation |
| US2991178A (en) * | 1957-08-08 | 1961-07-04 | Clayton Benjamin | Process of producing feed products |
| US2934431A (en) * | 1957-09-09 | 1960-04-26 | Ranchers Cotton Oil | Process for forming meal from cottonseed edible by animals and poultry |
| US3033683A (en) * | 1958-06-12 | 1962-05-08 | Central Soya Co | Preparation of oilseed meal containing soybean soapstock |
| US3043856A (en) * | 1958-12-11 | 1962-07-10 | Council Scient Ind Res | Removal of gossypol from cotton seed products |
| US2968559A (en) * | 1958-12-30 | 1961-01-17 | Benjamin Clayton | Feed product and method of producing same |
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