US2735412A - kuepfer - Google Patents

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US2735412A
US2735412A US2735412DA US2735412A US 2735412 A US2735412 A US 2735412A US 2735412D A US2735412D A US 2735412DA US 2735412 A US2735412 A US 2735412A
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cylinder
passageway
chamber
mixing
combustion chamber
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/08—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers the chamber being of air-swirl type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • the invention or discovery relates more particularly to compression ignition engines of the foregoing general type and which include broadly the improvements set forth in the prior U. S. Letters Patent No. Re. 19,742, reissued October 22, 1935, to Otis D.maschineer, for his original U. S. Patent No. 1,960,093, issued May 22, 1934.
  • the invention or discovery also relates more particularly to compression ignition engines of the type broadly set forth in said U. S. Patent No. Re. 19,742, and to the type of such engines specifically set forth in the prior U. S. Patent No. 2,062,951, issued December 1, 1936 to Otis D.maschineer.
  • Engines including the improvements set forth in said U. S. Patents No. Re. 19,742 and No. 2,062,951 are characterized by operating at relatively high speeds which may be from 2000 to 3000 R. P. M., and at "relatively high mean indicated pressures which may be as high as 160 pounds per square inch at 2000 R. P. M., and with a consequent relatively high power output, which is accomplished at an economical rate of fuel consumption.
  • the constant volume chambers are formed by parts adapted for relatively easy commercial production, and which form constant volume chambers having a maximum internal spherical surface area, and the parts of each constant volume chamber fitting with one another and forming the constant volume chamber end of the connecting passageway with a height less than the radius of the spherical inner surface.
  • the defiectd'r means preferably a tongue or lip extending into the passageway opening from the lower face of the constant volume chamber end of the connecting passageway.
  • the inner surface of the tongue or lip is a continuation of the spherical inner surface of the constant volume chamber, and the tongue or lip is adapted to intercept the eoiiieal fuel spray injected thereagaihst toward the passageway.
  • the area of the lip or tongue is relatively small as cbrnpaied with the total area of the p35- sageway, the passageway opening above and about the sides of the lip or tongue;
  • the cylinder wall In increasing the bore diameter of a cylinder of such an engine without otherwise substantially changing the position of the combustion chamber, the cylinder wall is brought closer to the combustion chamber and the space between the walls of the cylinderand combustion chamber is reducedso that they are joined and prevent the coolant from reaching these areas, instead of transmitting heat from these areas to the cooling water, the cylinder wall adjacent the cohstant volume chamber gathers heat and cracks, and this takes place frequently even when a c'ylinder liner is used.
  • the objects of the present invention or discovery include the provision of a compression ignition internal combustion engine combining the improvements of said U, S. Patents No. Re. 19,742 and No. 2,062,951, as modified above and in which the parts of each spherical or constant volume chamber are constructed and arranged with each other and with the other engine parts so as to resist the transmission of heat to the cylinder block and to promote the transmission of heat to the cooling water, or in other words so as to control the transmission of heat in the engine parts.
  • the objects of the present invention of discovery include the provision of a compression ignition internal combustion engine combining the improvements of said U. S. Patents No. Rs. 19,742 ahd No. 2,062,951, and in which the parts of eaeh spherical or constant volume chamber are constructed and arranged with each other and with the other engine parts so as to provide for an improved controlled flow of the hot gases constituting the burning fuel emerging from the spherical side chambers through the passageways, the controlled hot gas flow preferably being combined with the controlled heat transmission.
  • each constant volume chamber may be formed either by separable parts or members or by welded parts or members, each constant volume chamber member being made of high heat resisting metal preferably steel, the members forming each constant volume chamber having a plurality of wall portions of different thicknesses, including a lower substantially hemispherical wall portion having a thickness substantially less than the other wall portions, and the other wall portions including a flange or shoulder extending a substan tial distance radially beyond the upper boundary of the hemispherical lower wall portion, top wall portions joining the flange portion and forming therewith the passageway and the upper portion of the preferably spherical chamber, and the lip having faired side and lower faces sloping upwardly toward the
  • Figure 1 is a fragmentary transverse sectional view of a compression ignition internal combustion engine including embodiments of the improved construction hereof, portions being broken away to illustrate details of construction and arrangement, and in which the piston is shown displaced from the cylinder head and from the passageway connecting the varying volume cylinder with a constant volume chamber, and in which the piston may be considered to be traveling towards the cylinder head on the compression stroke, and before commencing to traverse the end of the passageway terminating in the cylinder bore;
  • Fig. 2 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view thereof as on line 22, Fig. 1, illustrating details of construction and arrangement of the parts or members forming the improved constant volume chamber;
  • Fig. 3 is a detached isometric view illustrating one of the improved separable normally upper or top constant volume chamber forming member
  • Fig. 4 is a detached isometric view illustrating one of the improved normally lower constant volume forming members
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary top plan view of the cylinder block of the engine of Fig. 1 showing a portion of one cylinder and showing the members forming the constant volume chamber associated therewith;
  • Fig. 6 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view thereof looking in the direction of the arrows 66, Fig. 5, and with other portions broken away and shown in section;
  • Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 5, the upper constant volume chamber forming member being removed, and showing details of the lower constant volume chamber forming member;
  • Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 6, looking in the direction of arrows 8-8, Fig. 7.
  • the illustrated compression ignition internal combustion engine is indicated generally at 10, and includes the combined improvements of said U. S. Patents, No. Re. 19,742 and No. 2,062,951, and the present improvements thereof.
  • the engine 10 is a six cylinder, four stroke cycle, single action, high speed, compression ignition internal combustion engine, in which the air for combustion is obtained normally directly from the atmosphere, and in which separate quantities of charges of the preferred liquid hydrocarbon fuel, such as Diesel oil, are successively injected into the combustion chambers of the engine at successive timed intervals, one charge being injected into the combustion chambers bf each cylinder during each four stroke cycle of the piston operatively mounted in the cylinder.
  • the preferred liquid hydrocarbon fuel such as Diesel oil
  • the engine 10 includes in combination with other parts of a high speed internal combustion engine, a unitary casting C including a lower crank case portion, not shown, and an upper cylinder block portion 12, and front and back cylinder heads 13 are secured at the upper end of the cylinder block portion 12, each cylinder head accommodating three cylinders, and one cylinder head 13 being shown in the drawings.
  • the cylinder block portion 12 includes therein walls forming the cylinders, one of which is shown in the drawings and is indicated at 14, and is preferably an integral part of the preferably cast iron cylinder block portion.
  • Each cylinder 14 has a bore 20, and in each cylinder bore 20, a piston 21 is operatively mounted for reciprocation in the usual manner for high speed engine.
  • Each cylinder head 13 includes a normally lower wall 28 which is provided for each cylinder covered thereby with a preferably fiat normally lower surface 29 extending transversely across the upper end of the bore 20 of the particular cylinder.
  • a usual gasket 30 is interposed in a usual manner between the normally lower wall 28 of each of the cylinder heads 13, and the normally upper wall 15 of the cylinder block portion 12.
  • the engine 10 is a valve-in-head engine, and accordingly each normally lower wall 23 of the cylinder heads 13 has formed therein above the normally upper end of the bore 20 of each cylinder covered thereby, an air intake valve seat orifice 33 and an exhaust valve seat orifice 34, and each of the valve seat orifices has a valve seat formed therein.
  • a valve 35 is operatively associated with each valve seat orifice 33, and a valve 35' is operatively associated with each valve seat orifice 34, and each of the valves includes a valve head 36 fitting in its respective seat, and a valve stem 37 extending upwardly from the head.
  • valve stem guide tubes 38 one for each valve stem 37, and each valve head 36 is normally maintained in its seat by usual means such as a set of compression springs 39, one end of which reacts against a spring seat 40 formed about each valve stem guide tube 38 in the cylinder heads 13, and the other end of which reacts against a flanged washer, not shown, secured in a usual manner at the upper end of the particular valve stem 37.
  • Each air intake valve seat orifice 33 communicatingly connects with one end of an air intake port or passageway 53, the intake ports 53 being formed in the walls of the cylinder heads 13, and the intake ports of each cylinder head connecting at their outer ends with an intake manifold 54, and each intake manifold 54' communicatingly connecting as by means of an elbow, not shown, preferably with an air cleaner, not shown.
  • Each exhaust valve seat orifice 34 communicatingly connects with one end of an exhaust port or passageway 57, the exhaust ports 57 being formed in the walls of the cylinder heads 13 and the exhaust ports of each cylinder head terminating at their outer ends in a connector flange, not shown, whereby the exhaust ports may be communicatingly connected with an exhaust manifold, not shown.
  • a chamber Cv is formed within the bore 20 of each cylinder or end flat circular face 62 of the piston 21 operating within the particular bore 20 and the opposite flat circular normally lower surface or face 29 of the normally lower cylinder head wall 28 covering the particular bore 20.
  • Each of the chambers Cv by reason of the reciprocation of the piston forming one wall of the same may be termed a varying volume chamber, and in the engine 10, at top dead center, that is, when the end face 62 of each piston 21 has reached its position of maximum travel away from 14 and between a normally top.
  • crank shaft there is only; mechanicalt'clearance between the end face 62 of the. piston andthe opposite. flat cylinder head; inner face 29.
  • Walls of the engine form constant volume chambers, one for each cylinder.
  • Each. constant volumechamber Cc is located closely adjacentto and entirely at the side of the corresponding Varying volume chamber Cv; and between each constant volumechamber.
  • Co and its cylinder, walls of the engine form. a passageway B communicatingly connecting at one end with the particular constant volume chamber Co and; at the. other end with the cylinder bore of the adjacent varying volume chamber C'v.
  • Each constant volume chamber Ce is, formed; with. a curved inner surface 70. which is symmetrical about an axis extending through the center 71 of the constant volume chamber and at right angles or normal to the plane passing through the center 71 of the constant volume chamber and the longitudinal axis 72 of the bore of the adjacent cylinder.
  • each constant volume chamber Ce is preferably spherical
  • Each passageway P connecting a particular constant volume chamber Cc with the adjacent varying volume chamber Cv is provided with an inner face 73 which is laterally and slopingly continuous with the preferably flat inner cylinder head face 29 of the adjacent varying volume chamber Cv, and each laterally continuous passageway face 73 is tangential with the curved inner surface 70 of the constant volume chamber Cc connected with the adjacent varying volume chamber Cv by the particular passageway P.
  • each passageway P is preferably as illustrated somewhat greater thanv the diameter of the preferred spherical inner surface 70 for each constant volume chamber Co, and the minimum height h of each passageway P is preferably somewhat less, than the radius of the preferred spherical inner surface 70.
  • each constant volume chamber Co is formed by members located in a socket 74 formedin the upper end wall of the cylinder block portion 12.
  • the bottom surface 74-1 of each socket 74 is hemispherical.
  • the upper surface 74-2 of each socket 74 is cylindrical and has a vertical axis passing through the center of the hemispherical surface 74-1, the radius of the cylinder surface 74-2 being substantially greater than the diameter of the hemispherical surface 74-1.
  • a shoulder surface 74-3 extends between the lower end of the cylindrical surface 74-2 and the upper end of the hemispherical surface 74-1.
  • each constant volume chamber Co and portions of its communicating passageway P as shown include a bottom member 75 and: a toprnember 76 which are separable from each other and which together fit in and mate with one of the sockets 74.
  • Each bottom member 75 includes a lower externally and internally hemispherical shell 75-1 and an upper flange 75-2 extending laterally outwardly from the upper end of the hemispherical shell 75-1, each flange 75-2 including a lower overhang surface 75-3 extending laterally outwardly from the hemispherical shell 75-1.
  • Each flange 75-2 furthermore includes an upper outer cylindrical surface 75-4 extending upwardly from the outer edge of the overhang surface 75-3, and an upper flat end surface 75-5.
  • each bottom member 75 mates with the internal hemispherical bottom surface 74-1 of its socket 74.
  • the lower overhang surface 75-3 of each flange 75-2 seats on the shoulder surface 74-3 of its socket 74, and the cylindrical surface 75-4 of each flange 75-2 fits in the lower portion of the cylindrical surface 74-2 of its socket 74.
  • each constant volume chamber Cc is externally cylindrical and its upper end extends upwardly beyond the top wall 15 of the cylinder block portion 12 and into a downwardly opening cylindrical recess 77 formed in the adjacent cylinder head lower Wfl iZ8-, In. he c ally lowqr f ce f each t ember .6, h re s o ed; a ca t 8 hi h n des a s e i al inner surface portion; 78-1 comprising continuationsof the spherical inner portions of the lower member 75 the continuing and registering inner spherical surfaces of both members 75. and. 76 form the spherical. inner surfacev 70 of the particular constant volurne chamber.
  • a ca i 78 a so n ludes aflet u er i ex nd n an e ti l rom he 2 inner ace P on n QPPPs ide ur 7. -3 converging with the. sides of the flat tangential surface portion 79-1 and with the spherical inner surface. portion 78-1.
  • the flat tangential surface portion 79-1 has a slight upward slope from, its, junction with the spherical surface portion 78-1., and forms with the opposite. side surfaces 79-2. and 79-3. and, with a portion of the upper fiat end surface 75-5. of; the flange 75-2 opposite. the flat tangential surface 79-1, the. constant volume. chamber end of the particular connectingpassageway B.
  • each top member 76 isthus the constant volume chamber end ofthe flat inner face 73 of the passageway P taken as a whole.
  • each. passageway P are formed by. an extension of the inner face 29. of the adjacent and connected varying volume chamber Cv by the side faces of a notch. 81 formed in the top. wall 15 of the cylinder block portion 12. between the constant volume chamber Cv and the adjacent socket 74, and by a cylinder end portion of the upper fiatend surface, 75-5 of the flange 75-2. 7' V i l
  • the air. intake valve means heretofore described in general comprise means operated in a usual manner for introducing preferably atmospheric air including. gaseous oxygen, or in other words a combustion. supporting medium, into each varying volume chamber. Cv on the air intake stroke of the piston. thereof; and the exhaust valve means heretofore described. in. general, provide means for exhausting each varying volume chamber Ct ⁇ . during the exhaust stroke of the piston thereof.
  • each constant volume chamberCe preferably during the compression. stroke of the associated piston, and as illustrated the fuel; injecting means includes for each constant. volume chamber Co a pintle nozzle 82 each of which is, operatively mounted. in the cylinder block portion 12, and the. discharge end 83 of each of which extends into and terminates in the. constant volume chamber Cc, with which. the particular nozzle is associated.
  • Each nozzle 82 is of usual construction, and is. adapted I to introduce into the constantvolume chamber Co: with which it is associated, an atomized conical spray 9Q of fuel particles, the conical spray l'lavingits origin O'located between the plane of the inner face of the cylinder head and a plane of displacement of the pistonfrom the inner face of they cylinder head, that is, at "the crank shaft side. of the passageway P-; and the origin 0 of the spray is preferably located in the side of the'internal-ly.
  • spherical constant volume chamber Cc opposite the passageway, P and the spray is preferably directed as illustrated side wards and upwards towards, the passageway P and, towards the plane of the inner face of the cylinder head, all as best shown in Fig. l.
  • each conical spray is preferably located in the plane, which is the plane ofthe drawing sheet of Fig. 1, passing through the center 71 of the associated preferably internally spherical constant volume chamber Cc and the longitudinal axis 72, of the bore 20 of the associated cylinder.
  • each bottom member 75 constitutes for the purposes of the present improvements, a heat collector and transfer member which functions with other parts of the engine to attain certain objects of the improvements, that is the control of heat transmission in h n in Par s i
  • each bottom member 75 is provided with improved combined fuel spray deflector means and gas flow directing means which as shown and preferably are constituted by a tongue or lip 76-7 which extends upwardly above the upper flat end surface 75-5 of the flange 75-2 into the constant volume chamber Opening of its associated passageway P, and the inner surface of each lip 76-7 is a continuation of the spherical inner surface of the shell 75-1, as is likewise the internal surface of the flange 75-2.
  • the tongue or lip 76-7 has an outer sloping surface which tapers from the top towards the cylinder bore and terminates at the upper flat end surface 75-5 of the flange 75-2 substantially at the cylinder bore.
  • the flange 75-2 includes an annular portion 75-6 which is formed with the outer cylindrical surface 75-4.
  • the flange 75-2 also includes a passageway forming extension or tongue 75-7 having parallel side faces 75-8 and 75-9 at opposite sides of a parallel plane indicated by the vertical dot-dash line 91-1 in Fig. 4, and which passes through the center of the internal spherical surface of the bottom member 75.
  • the outer end face 75-10 of the tongue 75-7 has a concave cylindrical curvature conforming to the curvature the cylinder bore.
  • the tongue 75-7 fits in the notch 81 and thus properly positions the constant volume forming bottom member '75.
  • the lip 76-7 in addition to being a combined fuel spray deflector means and gas flow directing means, also constitutes a portion of the heat collector and transfer means of the present improvements, in conjunction with other walls forming the mixing and combustion chamber.
  • the lip 76-7 extends upwardly from the inner end of the tongue 75-7 and symmetrically with respect to the plane 91-1.
  • the upper end of the lip 76-7 has a convex curvature 76-8 and at one side the lower base portion of the tongue 76-7 has a faired and concave curvature 76-9 merging at its upper end with the lower end of the convex curvature 76-8 and merging at its outer end with the spherical inner surface of the bottom member '75.
  • the lower base portion of the tongue 7 6-7 has a faired and convex curvature 76-10 merging at its upper end with the lower end of the convex curvature 7 6-8 and merging at its outer end with the spherical inner surface of the bottom member 75.
  • Each of the concave curvatures 76-9 and 76-10 are also faired downwardly from a junction with the upper end face of the tongue 75-7 in a slope towards the bottom of the inner spherical surface of the bottom member 75.
  • each tongue or lip 76-7 is such as to intercept such part of the conical fuel spray injected into the particular constant volume chamber Co as may reach the tongue or lip 76-7, and thus prevent the injection of any solid unmixed fuel through the passageway P into the varying volume chamber Cv.
  • each tongue or lip 76-7 is preferably as illustrated relatively small as compared with the total area of the associated passageway P, the passageway opening above and about the sides of the lip or tongue.
  • each flat piston end face 62 and the opposite flat inner cylinder head face 29 at the dead center position of the piston is preferably provided between each flat piston end face 62 and the opposite flat inner cylinder head face 29 at the dead center position of the piston, and the total volume of each constant volume chamber Co and the associated passageway P, which constitute the clearance volume of the particular cylinder, is small relative to the maximum volume of the associated varying volume chamber Cv, so that the compression ratio of the engine may be high, for example 14 to 1.
  • the suction stroke of each piston draws intake air into the varying volume chamber Cv thereof, and the succeeding compression stroke of the piston compresses the charge of air and forces it with very rapidly increasing pressure and velocity from the varying volume chamber Cv through the associated passageway P and into the associated constant volume chamber Cc.
  • the opening of the passageway P into the varying volume chamber Cv is rapidly reduced in area, which still further increases the pressure and velocity of the air being forced through the passageway P into the associated constant volume chamber Cc.
  • the passageway face 73 is an extension of the inner flat face 29 of the varying volume chamber Cv, and is tangential to the symmetrical and preferably spherical inner surface 70 of the constant volume chamber Cc, causes an unusually effective whirling of the air forced into the chamber Co, the velocity of the whirl increasing as the piston moves across the passageway and approaches top dead center.
  • the fuel is sprayed in the manner above set forth across and towards the whirling or revolving air in the combustion chamber Cc, and the resulting combustion is of the desired character, whereby the engine operates at relatively high speeds and with relatively high mean indicated pressure.
  • This combined eflfect is such that the mixing of the fuel charge with the incoming air charge commences virtually at the constant volume chamber end of the passageway and continues through the entire motion of the air charge in and through the constant volume chamber.
  • each mixing and combustion chamber Cc by walls including the relatively thin lower hemispherical shell 75-1 engirdled at its upper end by the relatively thick flange 75-2, and the relatively lindrical top member '76, provides heat collecting and transfer means for each mixing and combustion chamber Cc, whereby transmission of heat from the chamber C0 to the cooling water is promoted, and transmission of heat is resisted from the chamber Cc to the cylinder wall of the associated cylinder and other parts of the cylinder block not in direct contact with members 75 and 76.
  • cylinders having a maximum bore may be included in an otherwise standard cast cylinder block, without encountering cracking of the cylinders in the operation of the engine.
  • the convex curvatures 76-9 and 76-10 may be otherwise termed upwardly sloping channels at each side of the base of the deflector lip 76-7.
  • each mixing and combustion chamber forming top member 76 is prevented from turning in the upper end of its socket 74, by the provision of a vertical groove 74-4 in the upper cylindrical surface 74-2 of the socket 74.
  • a pin 76-11 extends from a side opening socket in each member 6 into the associated groove 74-4.
  • each top member 76 may be welded to its associated bottom member 75.
  • the mixing and combustion chamber forming members 75 and 76 are preferably each made of heat resisting steel, which in itself serves to protect the cast iron cylinder block from damage by the hot gases in the mixing and combustion chambers.
  • a cylinder having a bore extending therethrough, cylinder head means having an inner face extending across one end of the cylinder bore, a piston operative for reciprocation in the cylinder bore and forming with the cylinder bore and the cylinder head means inner face a cylinder chamber, walls forming a mixing and combustion chamber adjacent the cylinder and a passageway extending and providing a communication between the cylinder head end of the cylinder chamber and the mixing and combustion chamber, means for introducing combustion supporting medium into the cylinder chamber, means for injecting fuel particles into the mixing and combustion chamber, means for cooling the walls forming the mixing and combustion chamber, the walls forming the mixing and combustion chamber including a shell having one. thickness, and a heat collecting and transfer flange extending outwardly from the shell and having a thickness greater than the thickness of the shell and constituting the. bottom wall of the passageway.
  • a deflector lip extends into the passageway from the flange. and the passageway opening around the sides of the. deflector lip, and the fuel injecting means directing the fuel particles against the deflector lip, the lip having an inner spherical surface and: the mixing and combustion chamber having an inner spherical surface coextensive. with the inner spherical. surface of the lip, and the lip having an upper end having a convex curvature merging-at each sidein a concave curvature, each concave curvature merging with the spherical inner surface of the mixing and combustion, chamber.
  • a cylinder having a bore extending therethrough, cylinder head means having an inner face extending across one end of the cylinder bore, a piston operative for reciprocation in the cylinder bore and forming with the cylinder bore and the cylinder head means inner face a cylinder chamber, Walls forming a mixing and combustion chamber adjacent the cylinder and a passageway extending and providing a communication between the cylinder head end of the cylinder chamber and the mixing and combustion chamber, means for introducing combustion supporting medium into the cylinder chamber, means for injecting fuel particles into the mixing and combustion chamber, means for cooling the walls forming the mixing and combustion chamber, the walls forming the mixing and combustion chamber including a shell having one thickness, and a heat collecting and transfer flange extending ourwardly from the shell and having a thickness greater than the thickness of the shell and constituting the bottom wall of the passageway, and a deflector lip extending from the flange into the passageway and the passageway opening around the sides of the deflector lip, and the fuel injecting means
  • a cylinder having a bore extending therethrough, cylinder head means having an inner face extending across one end of the cylinder bore, a piston operative for reciprocation in the cylinder bore and forming with the cylinder bore and the cylinder head means inner face a cylinder chamber, walls forming a mixing and combustion chamber adjacent the cylinder and a passageway extending and providing a communication between the cylinder head end of the cylinder chamber and the mixing and combustion chamber, means for introducing combustion supporting medium into the cylinder chamber, means for injecting fuel particles into the mixing and combustion chamber, the walls forming the mixing and combustion chamber including a deflector lip extending into the passageway and the passageway opening around the sides at the deflector lip, and the fuel injecting means directing the fuel particles against the deflector lip, the deflector lip having an inner spherical surface and the mixing and combustion chamber having an inner spherical surface co-extensive with the inner spherical surface of the lip, the lip having an upper end having a
  • a cylinder having a bore extending therethrough, cylinder head means having an inner face extending across one end of the cylinder bore, a piston operative for reciprocation in the cylinder bore and forming with the cylinder bore and the cylinder head means inner face a cylinder chamber, walls forming a mixing and combustion chamber adjacent the cylinder and a passageway extending and providing a communication between the cylinder head end of the cylinder chamber and the mixing and combustion chamber, means for introducing a charge of combustion supporting medium into the cylinder chamber, means for injecting fuel particles into the mixing and combustion chamber, the walls forming the mixing and combustion chamber including deflector means extending into the passageway and the passageway opening around the sides of the deflector means, and the fuel injecting means directing the fuel particles against the deflector means, the passageway opening of each side of the deflector means constituting a channel sloping towards the inner face of the cylinder head means.
  • Walls forming a cylinder block having an end wall, a cylinder head secured on the cylinder block end wall, the cylinder head including an end wall abutting the cylinder block end wall, the cylinder block walls including a cylinder wall extending from its end wall, the cylinder wall having a bore opening through the cylinder block end wall, other walls of the cylinder block forming a socket opening through the cylinder block end wall and a notch extending between the socket and the cylinder bore and opening through the cylinder block end wall, the cylinder head end wall having an inner face extending over the cylinder bore and the notch and the socket, mixing and combustion chamber and passageway forming members located in and fitting the socket and the notch, the socket having a bottom well and the notch having a bottom wall, one of the mixing and combustion chamber and passageway forming members fitting in the bottom Well of the socket and having a tongue extension fitting in the notch of the cylinder block.
  • the mixing and combustion chamber and passageway forming members have inner surfaces forming a mixing and combustion chamber and a passageway communicating at one end with the mixing and combustion chamber, the passageway forming surfaces including a surface of the tongue extension, and the passageway including portions formed by the members and other portions formed by the tongue extension and the notch and the cylinder head, the passageway extending between the cylinder bore and the mixing and combustion chamber.
  • a mixing and combustion chamber unit adapted for separably fitting in the recess, the unit including walls having inner surfaces forming an inner combustion chamber and a passageway communicatingly connecting at its inner end with the combustion chamber and having its outer end opening through the side of the unit, one of the unit walls constituting the passageway bottom forming walls and being a tongue extending laterally from one side of the unit, the tongue being adapted to fit in the bottom of the notch of the cylinder block recess.
  • a mixing and combustion chamber unit adapted for separably fitting in the recess, the unit including walls having inner surfaces forming an inner combustion chamber and a passageway communicatingly connecting at its inner end with the combustion chamber and having its outer end opening through the side of the unit, one of the unit walls constituting one of the passageway forming walls and including a tongue extending laterally from one side of the unit, the tongue being adapted to fit in the notch of the cylinder block recess, the combustion chamber having a center and a principal axis extending through the center and the tongue having a passageway forming face including an element perpendicular to the principal axis, and one of the unit walls constituting a flange extending outwardly in the direction
  • a mixing and combustion chamber unit adapted for separably fitting in the recess as set forth in claim 10, and in which the tongue has a seating face spaced from the passageway forming face and the flange has a seating face co-extensive with the seating face of the tongue.
  • a mixing and combustion chamber unit adapted for separably fitting in the recess as set forth in claim 11, and in which the flange includes an annular portion concentric with the principal axis and having a cylindrical outer face.
  • a mixing and combustion chamber unit adapted for separatbly fitting in the recess as set forth in claim 12, and in which the unit includes at one side of the flange, a portion having an entirely cylindrical outer face co-extensive with the cylindrical outer face of the flange, and the portion of the unit having the entirely cylindrical outer face terminating in a circular end face.
  • a mixing and combustion chamber unit adapted for separably fitting in the recess as set forth in claim 13, and in which the unit includes at the other side of the flange a portion having an externally hemispherical face.
  • a mixing and combustion chamber unit adapted for separably fitting in the recess, the unit including walls having inner surfaces forming an inner combustion chamber and a passageway communicatingly connecting at its inner end with the combustion chamber and having its outer end opening through the side of the unit, one of the unit walls constituting one of the passageway forming walls and including a tongue extending laterally from one side of the unit, the tongue being adapted to fit in the notch of the cylinder block recess, and deflector means extending into the passageway from the tongue.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

Feb. 21. 1956 EPFER 2,735,412
M. C. KU COMPRESSION IGNITION INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE CONSTRUCTION Filed Dec. 1 195] 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 r I eg 1 4! INVENTOR. Mazi/zew Clfzepflr BY ATTORNEYS Feb. 21. 1956 Filed Dec. 1, 1951 C KUEPFER M. COMPRESSION IGNITION INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE CONSTRUCTION 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN V EN TOR.
A T TORNEYS United States Patent COMPRESSION IGNITION INTERNAL-COMBUS- TION ENGINE CONSTRUCTION Matthew C. Kuepfer, Canton, Ohio, assignor to Hercules lgihotors Corporation, Canton, Ohio, a corporation of Application December 1, 1951, Serial No. 259,365 16 Claims. Cl. 123-32 The invention or discovery relates in general to internal combustion engines of the compression ignition type and having preferably spherical injection, mixing, and combustion chambers of relatively small volume, one for each cylinder of the engine, the maximum cylinder volume being relatively large, and each cylinder and the associated preferably spherical chamber being cor'nmunicatingly cohnected with each other by a passageway.
The invention or discovery relates more particularly to compression ignition engines of the foregoing general type and which include broadly the improvements set forth in the prior U. S. Letters Patent No. Re. 19,742, reissued October 22, 1935, to Otis D. Treiber, for his original U. S. Patent No. 1,960,093, issued May 22, 1934. The invention or discovery also relates more particularly to compression ignition engines of the type broadly set forth in said U. S. Patent No. Re. 19,742, and to the type of such engines specifically set forth in the prior U. S. Patent No. 2,062,951, issued December 1, 1936 to Otis D. Treiber.
In each of said U. S. Patents, No. Re. 19,742, and No. 2,062,951, there is set forth a high speed, high compression, high power, compression ignition internal combustion engine in which the spherical chambers are located entirely at the sides of the cylinders, and in which the passageways open into the cylinders through the sides thereof, and in which the normally upper surfaces of the passageways are fiat laterally continuous extensions of preferably fiat lower faces of the cylinder head and are tangential with the spherical inner surfaces of the spherical or constant volume chambers, and which engine is further characterized by a sideward and upward injection of the liquid hydrocarbon fuel into the spherical chambers, each fuel spray having an origin preferably at the crank shaft side of the associated passageway, and being directed side- 'wards and upwards towards the passageway and flat cylinder head inner face.
Engines including the improvements set forth in said U. S. Patents No. Re. 19,742 and No. 2,062,951 are characterized by operating at relatively high speeds which may be from 2000 to 3000 R. P. M., and at "relatively high mean indicated pressures which may be as high as 160 pounds per square inch at 2000 R. P. M., and with a consequent relatively high power output, which is accomplished at an economical rate of fuel consumption.
In the engines set forth in U. S. Patent No. 2,062,951, the constant volume chambers are formed by parts adapted for relatively easy commercial production, and which form constant volume chambers having a maximum internal spherical surface area, and the parts of each constant volume chamber fitting with one another and forming the constant volume chamber end of the connecting passageway with a height less than the radius of the spherical inner surface. i
The engines set forth in U. S. Patent No. 2,062,951 are furthermore constructed and arranged so as to substantially eliminate knock or detonation in the operation of the engine, without any substantial loss of "p c'iwer, by
the provision of the defiectd'r means preferably a tongue or lip extending into the passageway opening from the lower face of the constant volume chamber end of the connecting passageway. The inner surface of the tongue or lip is a continuation of the spherical inner surface of the constant volume chamber, and the tongue or lip is adapted to intercept the eoiiieal fuel spray injected thereagaihst toward the passageway. The area of the lip or tongue is relatively small as cbrnpaied with the total area of the p35- sageway, the passageway opening above and about the sides of the lip or tongue;
Compression ignition internal combustion engines bining the improvements of said U. S. Patents No; Re. 17,742 and No. 2,062,951 have come into widespread use in a series of engines having cylinders with bores of increasing diameters.
In increasing the bore diameter of a cylinder of such an engine without otherwise substantially changing the position of the combustion chamber, the cylinder wall is brought closer to the combustion chamber and the space between the walls of the cylinderand combustion chamber is reducedso that they are joined and prevent the coolant from reaching these areas, instead of transmitting heat from these areas to the cooling water, the cylinder wall adjacent the cohstant volume chamber gathers heat and cracks, and this takes place frequently even when a c'ylinder liner is used.
From ahbther standpoint, it has been folind in engines constructed according to U. S. Patent No. 2,062,951, modified as described above that the hot gases constituting the burning fuel emerging from the spherical side chambers through the passageways tend to heat the dehector lips to an undesirable degree, tend to damage the cylinder side walls immediately adjacent the cylinder ends of the passageways, tend to direct the burning gases towards the upper ends of the pistons as they approach the cylinder heads, and tend to burn off sharp edges which are present in the spherical chamber ends of the passageways.
The objects of the present invention or discovery include the provision of a compression ignition internal combustion engine combining the improvements of said U, S. Patents No. Re. 19,742 and No. 2,062,951, as modified above and in which the parts of each spherical or constant volume chamber are constructed and arranged with each other and with the other engine parts so as to resist the transmission of heat to the cylinder block and to promote the transmission of heat to the cooling water, or in other words so as to control the transmission of heat in the engine parts.
The objects of the present invention of discovery include the provision of a compression ignition internal combustion engine combining the improvements of said U. S. Patents No. Rs. 19,742 ahd No. 2,062,951, and in which the parts of eaeh spherical or constant volume chamber are constructed and arranged with each other and with the other engine parts so as to provide for an improved controlled flow of the hot gases constituting the burning fuel emerging from the spherical side chambers through the passageways, the controlled hot gas flow preferably being combined with the controlled heat transmission.
The foregoing and other objects are attained by the improved compression ignition internal combustion engine construction, apparatus, parts, combinations, and "subcombina'ti'ons, which comprise the present invention or discovery, and the nature of which is set forth in the following general statement, and preferred embodiments of which, together withftheir mode of use, are set forth "in the following description, and \ivhieh are particularly 'ahd 3 distinctly pointed out and set forth in the appended claims forming part hereof. g
The nature of the improvements of the present invention or discovery may be described in general'terms as including in an internal combustion engine combining the improvements of said U. S. Patents No. Re. 19,742 and No. 2,062,951 and having one or more preferably spherical constant volume chambers, a construction and arrangement by which each constant volume chamber may be formed either by separable parts or members or by welded parts or members, each constant volume chamber member being made of high heat resisting metal preferably steel, the members forming each constant volume chamber having a plurality of wall portions of different thicknesses, including a lower substantially hemispherical wall portion having a thickness substantially less than the other wall portions, and the other wall portions including a flange or shoulder extending a substan tial distance radially beyond the upper boundary of the hemispherical lower wall portion, top wall portions joining the flange portion and forming therewith the passageway and the upper portion of the preferably spherical chamber, and the lip having faired side and lower faces sloping upwardly toward the top of the passageway.
By way of example, embodiments of the improved compression ignition internal combustion engine construction of the present invention or discovery are illustrated in the accompanying drawings forming part hereof in which:
Figure 1 is a fragmentary transverse sectional view of a compression ignition internal combustion engine including embodiments of the improved construction hereof, portions being broken away to illustrate details of construction and arrangement, and in which the piston is shown displaced from the cylinder head and from the passageway connecting the varying volume cylinder with a constant volume chamber, and in which the piston may be considered to be traveling towards the cylinder head on the compression stroke, and before commencing to traverse the end of the passageway terminating in the cylinder bore;
Fig. 2 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view thereof as on line 22, Fig. 1, illustrating details of construction and arrangement of the parts or members forming the improved constant volume chamber;
Fig. 3 is a detached isometric view illustrating one of the improved separable normally upper or top constant volume chamber forming member;
Fig. 4 is a detached isometric view illustrating one of the improved normally lower constant volume forming members;
Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary top plan view of the cylinder block of the engine of Fig. 1 showing a portion of one cylinder and showing the members forming the constant volume chamber associated therewith;
Fig. 6 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view thereof looking in the direction of the arrows 66, Fig. 5, and with other portions broken away and shown in section;
Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 5, the upper constant volume chamber forming member being removed, and showing details of the lower constant volume chamber forming member; and
Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 6, looking in the direction of arrows 8-8, Fig. 7.
Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views. The illustrated compression ignition internal combustion engine is indicated generally at 10, and includes the combined improvements of said U. S. Patents, No. Re. 19,742 and No. 2,062,951, and the present improvements thereof.
The engine 10 is a six cylinder, four stroke cycle, single action, high speed, compression ignition internal combustion engine, in which the air for combustion is obtained normally directly from the atmosphere, and in which separate quantities of charges of the preferred liquid hydrocarbon fuel, such as Diesel oil, are successively injected into the combustion chambers of the engine at successive timed intervals, one charge being injected into the combustion chambers bf each cylinder during each four stroke cycle of the piston operatively mounted in the cylinder.
The engine 10, includes in combination with other parts of a high speed internal combustion engine, a unitary casting C including a lower crank case portion, not shown, and an upper cylinder block portion 12, and front and back cylinder heads 13 are secured at the upper end of the cylinder block portion 12, each cylinder head accommodating three cylinders, and one cylinder head 13 being shown in the drawings.
The cylinder block portion 12 includes therein walls forming the cylinders, one of which is shown in the drawings and is indicated at 14, and is preferably an integral part of the preferably cast iron cylinder block portion.
Each cylinder 14 has a bore 20, and in each cylinder bore 20, a piston 21 is operatively mounted for reciprocation in the usual manner for high speed engine.
Each cylinder head 13 includes a normally lower wall 28 which is provided for each cylinder covered thereby with a preferably fiat normally lower surface 29 extending transversely across the upper end of the bore 20 of the particular cylinder.
A usual gasket 30 is interposed in a usual manner between the normally lower wall 28 of each of the cylinder heads 13, and the normally upper wall 15 of the cylinder block portion 12.
As illustrated, the engine 10 is a valve-in-head engine, and accordingly each normally lower wall 23 of the cylinder heads 13 has formed therein above the normally upper end of the bore 20 of each cylinder covered thereby, an air intake valve seat orifice 33 and an exhaust valve seat orifice 34, and each of the valve seat orifices has a valve seat formed therein.
A valve 35 is operatively associated with each valve seat orifice 33, and a valve 35' is operatively associated with each valve seat orifice 34, and each of the valves includes a valve head 36 fitting in its respective seat, and a valve stem 37 extending upwardly from the head.
The cylinder heads 13 have mounted therein valve stem guide tubes 38, one for each valve stem 37, and each valve head 36 is normally maintained in its seat by usual means such as a set of compression springs 39, one end of which reacts against a spring seat 40 formed about each valve stem guide tube 38 in the cylinder heads 13, and the other end of which reacts against a flanged washer, not shown, secured in a usual manner at the upper end of the particular valve stem 37.
Each air intake valve seat orifice 33 communicatingly connects with one end of an air intake port or passageway 53, the intake ports 53 being formed in the walls of the cylinder heads 13, and the intake ports of each cylinder head connecting at their outer ends with an intake manifold 54, and each intake manifold 54' communicatingly connecting as by means of an elbow, not shown, preferably with an air cleaner, not shown.
Each exhaust valve seat orifice 34 communicatingly connects with one end of an exhaust port or passageway 57, the exhaust ports 57 being formed in the walls of the cylinder heads 13 and the exhaust ports of each cylinder head terminating at their outer ends in a connector flange, not shown, whereby the exhaust ports may be communicatingly connected with an exhaust manifold, not shown.
In the engine 10, a chamber Cv is formed within the bore 20 of each cylinder or end flat circular face 62 of the piston 21 operating within the particular bore 20 and the opposite flat circular normally lower surface or face 29 of the normally lower cylinder head wall 28 covering the particular bore 20.
Each of the chambers Cv by reason of the reciprocation of the piston forming one wall of the same may be termed a varying volume chamber, and in the engine 10, at top dead center, that is, when the end face 62 of each piston 21 has reached its position of maximum travel away from 14 and between a normally top.
ana ram the. crank shaft, there is only; mechanicalt'clearance between the end face 62 of the. piston andthe opposite. flat cylinder head; inner face 29.
Walls of the engine form constant volume chambers, one for each cylinder. Each. constant volumechamber Cc is located closely adjacentto and entirely at the side of the corresponding Varying volume chamber Cv; and between each constant volumechamber. Co and its cylinder, walls of the engine form. a passageway B communicatingly connecting at one end with the particular constant volume chamber Co and; at the. other end with the cylinder bore of the adjacent varying volume chamber C'v.
Each constant volume chamber Ce, is, formed; with. a curved inner surface 70. which is symmetrical about an axis extending through the center 71 of the constant volume chamber and at right angles or normal to the plane passing through the center 71 of the constant volume chamber and the longitudinal axis 72 of the bore of the adjacent cylinder.
As illustrated, the curved inner. face 70- of each constant volume chamber Ce is preferably spherical;
Each passageway P connecting a particular constant volume chamber Cc with the adjacent varying volume chamber Cv is provided with an inner face 73 which is laterally and slopingly continuous with the preferably flat inner cylinder head face 29 of the adjacent varying volume chamber Cv, and each laterally continuous passageway face 73 is tangential with the curved inner surface 70 of the constant volume chamber Cc connected with the adjacent varying volume chamber Cv by the particular passageway P.
The width w of each passageway P is preferably as illustrated somewhat greater thanv the diameter of the preferred spherical inner surface 70 for each constant volume chamber Co, and the minimum height h of each passageway P is preferably somewhat less, than the radius of the preferred spherical inner surface 70.
As illustrated, each constant volume chamber Co is formed by members located in a socket 74 formedin the upper end wall of the cylinder block portion 12. The bottom surface 74-1 of each socket 74 is hemispherical. The upper surface 74-2 of each socket 74 is cylindrical and has a vertical axis passing through the center of the hemispherical surface 74-1, the radius of the cylinder surface 74-2 being substantially greater than the diameter of the hemispherical surface 74-1. A shoulder surface 74-3 extends between the lower end of the cylindrical surface 74-2 and the upper end of the hemispherical surface 74-1.
The members forming each constant volume chamber Co and portions of its communicating passageway P as shown, include a bottom member 75 and: a toprnember 76 which are separable from each other and which together fit in and mate with one of the sockets 74.
Each bottom member 75 includes a lower externally and internally hemispherical shell 75-1 and an upper flange 75-2 extending laterally outwardly from the upper end of the hemispherical shell 75-1, each flange 75-2 including a lower overhang surface 75-3 extending laterally outwardly from the hemispherical shell 75-1. Each flange 75-2 furthermore includes an upper outer cylindrical surface 75-4 extending upwardly from the outer edge of the overhang surface 75-3, and an upper flat end surface 75-5.
The external hemispherical surface of the lower shell 75-1 of each bottom member 75 mates with the internal hemispherical bottom surface 74-1 of its socket 74. The lower overhang surface 75-3 of each flange 75-2 seats on the shoulder surface 74-3 of its socket 74, and the cylindrical surface 75-4 of each flange 75-2 fits in the lower portion of the cylindrical surface 74-2 of its socket 74.
The top member 76 forming each constant volume chamber Cc is externally cylindrical and its upper end extends upwardly beyond the top wall 15 of the cylinder block portion 12 and into a downwardly opening cylindrical recess 77 formed in the adjacent cylinder head lower Wfl iZ8-, In. he c ally lowqr f ce f each t ember .6, h re s o ed; a ca t 8 hi h n des a s e i al inner surface portion; 78-1 comprising continuationsof the spherical inner portions of the lower member 75 the continuing and registering inner spherical surfaces of both members 75. and. 76 form the spherical. inner surfacev 70 of the particular constant volurne chamber.
a ca i 78: a so n ludes aflet u er i ex nd n an e ti l rom he 2 inner ace P on n QPPPs ide ur 7. -3 converging with the. sides of the flat tangential surface portion 79-1 and with the spherical inner surface. portion 78-1. The flat tangential surface portion 79-1 has a slight upward slope from, its, junction with the spherical surface portion 78-1., and forms with the opposite. side surfaces 79-2. and 79-3. and, with a portion of the upper fiat end surface 75-5. of; the flange 75-2 opposite. the flat tangential surface 79-1, the. constant volume. chamber end of the particular connectingpassageway B.
The flat surface 79-1, of each top member 76 isthus the constant volume chamber end ofthe flat inner face 73 of the passageway P taken as a whole.
The remaining portions of each. passageway P are formed by. an extension of the inner face 29. of the adjacent and connected varying volume chamber Cv by the side faces of a notch. 81 formed in the top. wall 15 of the cylinder block portion 12. between the constant volume chamber Cv and the adjacent socket 74, and by a cylinder end portion of the upper fiatend surface, 75-5 of the flange 75-2. 7' V i l The air. intake valve means heretofore described in general, comprise means operated in a usual manner for introducing preferably atmospheric air including. gaseous oxygen, or in other words a combustion. supporting medium, into each varying volume chamber. Cv on the air intake stroke of the piston. thereof; and the exhaust valve means heretofore described. in. general, provide means for exhausting each varying volume chamber Ct}. during the exhaust stroke of the piston thereof.
Means are also provided for injecting preferably liquid hydrocarbon fuel into. each constant volume chamberCe: preferably during the compression. stroke of the associated piston, and as illustrated the fuel; injecting means includes for each constant. volume chamber Co a pintle nozzle 82 each of which is, operatively mounted. in the cylinder block portion 12, and the. discharge end 83 of each of which extends into and terminates in the. constant volume chamber Cc, with which. the particular nozzle is associated.
Each nozzle 82 is of usual construction, and is. adapted I to introduce into the constantvolume chamber Co: with which it is associated, an atomized conical spray 9Q of fuel particles, the conical spray l'lavingits origin O'located between the plane of the inner face of the cylinder head and a plane of displacement of the pistonfrom the inner face of they cylinder head, that is, at "the crank shaft side. of the passageway P-; and the origin 0 of the spray is preferably located in the side of the'internal-ly. spherical constant volume chamber Cc opposite the passageway, P and the spray is preferably directed as illustrated side wards and upwards towards, the passageway P and, towards the plane of the inner face of the cylinder head, all as best shown in Fig. l. I
The longitudinal axis. 91 of each conical spray is preferably located in the plane, which is the plane ofthe drawing sheet of Fig. 1, passing through the center 71 of the associated preferably internally spherical constant volume chamber Cc and the longitudinal axis 72, of the bore 20 of the associated cylinder.
The flange. -2 of each bottom member 75 constitutes for the purposes of the present improvements, a heat collector and transfer member which functions with other parts of the engine to attain certain objects of the improvements, that is the control of heat transmission in h n in Par s i For ining othe Ob ects 9f he Present trans ments, that is the control of the flow of hot gases emergrug from each constant volume chamber through its associated passageway, each bottom member 75 is provided with improved combined fuel spray deflector means and gas flow directing means which as shown and preferably are constituted by a tongue or lip 76-7 which extends upwardly above the upper flat end surface 75-5 of the flange 75-2 into the constant volume chamber Opening of its associated passageway P, and the inner surface of each lip 76-7 is a continuation of the spherical inner surface of the shell 75-1, as is likewise the internal surface of the flange 75-2.
The tongue or lip 76-7 has an outer sloping surface which tapers from the top towards the cylinder bore and terminates at the upper flat end surface 75-5 of the flange 75-2 substantially at the cylinder bore.
The flange 75-2 includes an annular portion 75-6 which is formed with the outer cylindrical surface 75-4. The flange 75-2 also includes a passageway forming extension or tongue 75-7 having parallel side faces 75-8 and 75-9 at opposite sides of a parallel plane indicated by the vertical dot-dash line 91-1 in Fig. 4, and which passes through the center of the internal spherical surface of the bottom member 75. The outer end face 75-10 of the tongue 75-7 has a concave cylindrical curvature conforming to the curvature the cylinder bore. The tongue 75-7 fits in the notch 81 and thus properly positions the constant volume forming bottom member '75.
The lip 76-7 in addition to being a combined fuel spray deflector means and gas flow directing means, also constitutes a portion of the heat collector and transfer means of the present improvements, in conjunction with other walls forming the mixing and combustion chamber.
Referring particularly to Fig. 4, the lip 76-7 extends upwardly from the inner end of the tongue 75-7 and symmetrically with respect to the plane 91-1. The upper end of the lip 76-7 has a convex curvature 76-8 and at one side the lower base portion of the tongue 76-7 has a faired and concave curvature 76-9 merging at its upper end with the lower end of the convex curvature 76-8 and merging at its outer end with the spherical inner surface of the bottom member '75.
At the other side, the lower base portion of the tongue 7 6-7 has a faired and convex curvature 76-10 merging at its upper end with the lower end of the convex curvature 7 6-8 and merging at its outer end with the spherical inner surface of the bottom member 75.
Each of the concave curvatures 76-9 and 76-10 are also faired downwardly from a junction with the upper end face of the tongue 75-7 in a slope towards the bottom of the inner spherical surface of the bottom member 75.
As in said U. S. Patent No. 2,062,951, the area of each tongue or lip 76-7 is such as to intercept such part of the conical fuel spray injected into the particular constant volume chamber Co as may reach the tongue or lip 76-7, and thus prevent the injection of any solid unmixed fuel through the passageway P into the varying volume chamber Cv.
The area of each tongue or lip 76-7 is preferably as illustrated relatively small as compared with the total area of the associated passageway P, the passageway opening above and about the sides of the lip or tongue.
As aforesaid mechanical clearance only is preferably provided between each flat piston end face 62 and the opposite flat inner cylinder head face 29 at the dead center position of the piston, and the total volume of each constant volume chamber Co and the associated passageway P, which constitute the clearance volume of the particular cylinder, is small relative to the maximum volume of the associated varying volume chamber Cv, so that the compression ratio of the engine may be high, for example 14 to 1.
Parts of the engine 10, not specifically described herein may be as set forth in said U. S. Patent No. 2,062,951,
or may be other usual and similar engine parts.
In the'operation of the engine 10 including the present improvements, the suction stroke of each piston draws intake air into the varying volume chamber Cv thereof, and the succeeding compression stroke of the piston compresses the charge of air and forces it with very rapidly increasing pressure and velocity from the varying volume chamber Cv through the associated passageway P and into the associated constant volume chamber Cc. As the piston moves across and substantially traverses the passageway P on its compression stroke, the opening of the passageway P into the varying volume chamber Cv is rapidly reduced in area, which still further increases the pressure and velocity of the air being forced through the passageway P into the associated constant volume chamber Cc.
The fact that as aforesaid the passageway face 73 is an extension of the inner flat face 29 of the varying volume chamber Cv, and is tangential to the symmetrical and preferably spherical inner surface 70 of the constant volume chamber Cc, causes an unusually effective whirling of the air forced into the chamber Co, the velocity of the whirl increasing as the piston moves across the passageway and approaches top dead center.
The fuel is sprayed in the manner above set forth across and towards the whirling or revolving air in the combustion chamber Cc, and the resulting combustion is of the desired character, whereby the engine operates at relatively high speeds and with relatively high mean indicated pressure.
It is to be noted that when the conical fuel spray for any particular constant volume chamber Cc strikes the limited area of the associated lip 76-7 in the associated passageway P, towards which the spray is directed from the side of the constant volume chamber and at an angle to the tangential face of the passageway, there will be a deflection of a portion of the fuel spray above and about the sides of the lip 76-7 so that a portion of the fuel spray is impinged directly by the incoming air charge in and at the constant volume chamber end of the passageway P.
This combined eflfect is such that the mixing of the fuel charge with the incoming air charge commences virtually at the constant volume chamber end of the passageway and continues through the entire motion of the air charge in and through the constant volume chamber.
There is a very short period of time during which the complete cycle of mixing and combustion must take place, and the initiation of the mixing action of each unit volume of air charge as it enters its spherical side chamber, and the consequent attainment of a mixing action through a maximum period or portion of the complete cycle of mixing and combustion is of great benefit.
The operation of the improved engine it) as thus far described is substantially the same as the operation of the engine set forth in said U. S. Patent No. 2,662,951. An engine including only the construction of said U. S. Patent No. 2,062,951, has the disadvantages previously set forth, and which may be summarized as including: (1) insufficient heat transfer from each cylinder wall and constant volume or mixing and combustion chamber Cc to the cooling water; and (2) unsatisfactory flow of hot gases emerging from each mixing and combustion chamber Co.
in the present improved engine 10, the construction of each mixing and combustion chamber Cc by walls including the relatively thin lower hemispherical shell 75-1 engirdled at its upper end by the relatively thick flange 75-2, and the relatively lindrical top member '76, provides heat collecting and transfer means for each mixing and combustion chamber Cc, whereby transmission of heat from the chamber C0 to the cooling water is promoted, and transmission of heat is resisted from the chamber Cc to the cylinder wall of the associated cylinder and other parts of the cylinder block not in direct contact with members 75 and 76.
thick walls of the externally cy- Accordingly in the improved engine 10, cylinders having a maximum bore may be included in an otherwise standard cast cylinder block, without encountering cracking of the cylinders in the operation of the engine.
From the standpoint of the flow of hot gases from each chamber Cc through its associated passageway P and into its associated chamber Cv, the provision of the lower faired concave curvatures 76-9 and- 76-10 at each side of the upper central convex curvature of the lip76-7, directs the hot gases upwardly as they emerge from the chamber Cc, so as to strike the lower face 29 of the cylinder head 13 and not the end face 62 of the piston, thereby avoiding damage of the piston end face and cylinder walls. Moreover the faired or rounded surfaces 76-8, 76-9, and 76-10, merging with each other and with the spherical inner surface of the chamber Cc, minimizes the tendency to burn-elf of such bounding surfaces when sharp corners are present therein.
The convex curvatures 76-9 and 76-10 may be otherwise termed upwardly sloping channels at each side of the base of the deflector lip 76-7.
In the engine 10, each mixing and combustion chamber forming top member 76 is prevented from turning in the upper end of its socket 74, by the provision of a vertical groove 74-4 in the upper cylindrical surface 74-2 of the socket 74. A pin 76-11 extends from a side opening socket in each member 6 into the associated groove 74-4.
When desired each top member 76 may be welded to its associated bottom member 75.
The mixing and combustion chamber forming members 75 and 76 are preferably each made of heat resisting steel, which in itself serves to protect the cast iron cylinder block from damage by the hot gases in the mixing and combustion chambers.
In the foregoing description, certain surfaces and curvatures of the improved mMng and combustion chambers have been defined as being faired, by which it is meant that these faired faces and curvatures have smooth junctions with adjacent surfaces without sudden or angular deviations.
In the foregoing description, certain terms have been used for brevity, clearness, and understanding, but no unnecessary limitations are to be implied therefrom beyond the requirements of the prior art, because such words are used for descriptive purposes herein and are intended to be broadly construed.
Moreover, the embodiments of the improved constructions illustrated and described herein are by way of example, and the scope of the present invention or discovery is not limited to the exact details of construction set forth.
Having now described the invention or discovery, the construction, the operation, and use of preferred embodiments thereof, and the advantageous new and useful re sults obtained thereby; the new and useful constructions, and reasonable mechanical equivalents thereof obvious to those skilled in the art, are set forth in the appended claims.
I claim:
1. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having a bore extending therethrough, cylinder head means having an inner face extending across one end of the cylinder bore, a piston operative for reciprocation in the cylinder bore and forming with the cylinder bore and the cylinder head means inner face a cylinder chamber, walls forming a mixing and combustion chamber adjacent the cylinder and a passageway extending and providing a communication between the cylinder head end of the cylinder chamber and the mixing and combustion chamber, means for introducing combustion supporting medium into the cylinder chamber, means for injecting fuel particles into the mixing and combustion chamber, means for cooling the walls forming the mixing and combustion chamber, the walls forming the mixing and combustion chamber including a shell having one. thickness, and a heat collecting and transfer flange extending outwardly from the shell and having a thickness greater than the thickness of the shell and constituting the. bottom wall of the passageway.
2. In an internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 1, and in which a deflector lip extends into the passageway from the flange. and the passageway opening around the sides of the. deflector lip, and the fuel injecting means directing the fuel particles against the deflector lip, the lip having an inner spherical surface and: the mixing and combustion chamber having an inner spherical surface coextensive. with the inner spherical. surface of the lip, and the lip having an upper end having a convex curvature merging-at each sidein a concave curvature, each concave curvature merging with the spherical inner surface of the mixing and combustion, chamber.
3. In an internal combustion engine as set forth. in claim 1, and in which a deflector lip extends into the passageway from the flange and the passageway opening around the sides of the deflector lip, and the fuel injecting means directing the fuel particles against the deflector lip, the passageway opening at each side of the deflector lip constituting a channel sloping towards the inner face of the cylinder head means.
4. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having a bore extending therethrough, cylinder head means having an inner face extending across one end of the cylinder bore, a piston operative for reciprocation in the cylinder bore and forming with the cylinder bore and the cylinder head means inner face a cylinder chamber, Walls forming a mixing and combustion chamber adjacent the cylinder and a passageway extending and providing a communication between the cylinder head end of the cylinder chamber and the mixing and combustion chamber, means for introducing combustion supporting medium into the cylinder chamber, means for injecting fuel particles into the mixing and combustion chamber, means for cooling the walls forming the mixing and combustion chamber, the walls forming the mixing and combustion chamber including a shell having one thickness, and a heat collecting and transfer flange extending ourwardly from the shell and having a thickness greater than the thickness of the shell and constituting the bottom wall of the passageway, and a deflector lip extending from the flange into the passageway and the passageway opening around the sides of the deflector lip, and the fuel injecting means directing the fuel particles against the deflector lip, the lip having an inner sphericai surface and the mixing and combustion chamber having an inner spherical surface coextensive with the inner spherical surface of the lip, and the lip having an upper end having a convex curvature merging at each side in a concave curvature, each concave curvature merging with the spherical inner surface of the mixing and combustion chamber, and each concave curvature constituting a channel sloping towards the inner face of the cylinder head means.
5. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having a bore extending therethrough, cylinder head means having an inner face extending across one end of the cylinder bore, a piston operative for reciprocation in the cylinder bore and forming with the cylinder bore and the cylinder head means inner face a cylinder chamber, walls forming a mixing and combustion chamber adjacent the cylinder and a passageway extending and providing a communication between the cylinder head end of the cylinder chamber and the mixing and combustion chamber, means for introducing combustion supporting medium into the cylinder chamber, means for injecting fuel particles into the mixing and combustion chamber, the walls forming the mixing and combustion chamber including a deflector lip extending into the passageway and the passageway opening around the sides at the deflector lip, and the fuel injecting means directing the fuel particles against the deflector lip, the deflector lip having an inner spherical surface and the mixing and combustion chamber having an inner spherical surface co-extensive with the inner spherical surface of the lip, the lip having an upper end having a convex curvature merging at each side in a concave curvature, each concave curvature merging with the spherical inner surface of the mixing and combustion chamber, and each concave curvature constituting a channel sloping towards the inner face of the cylinder head means.
6. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having a bore extending therethrough, cylinder head means having an inner face extending across one end of the cylinder bore, a piston operative for reciprocation in the cylinder bore and forming with the cylinder bore and the cylinder head means inner face a cylinder chamber, walls forming a mixing and combustion chamber adjacent the cylinder and a passageway extending and providing a communication between the cylinder head end of the cylinder chamber and the mixing and combustion chamber, means for introducing a charge of combustion supporting medium into the cylinder chamber, means for injecting fuel particles into the mixing and combustion chamber, the walls forming the mixing and combustion chamber including deflector means extending into the passageway and the passageway opening around the sides of the deflector means, and the fuel injecting means directing the fuel particles against the deflector means, the passageway opening of each side of the deflector means constituting a channel sloping towards the inner face of the cylinder head means.
7. In an internal combustion engine, Walls forming a cylinder block having an end wall, a cylinder head secured on the cylinder block end wall, the cylinder head including an end wall abutting the cylinder block end wall, the cylinder block walls including a cylinder wall extending from its end wall, the cylinder wall having a bore opening through the cylinder block end wall, other walls of the cylinder block forming a socket opening through the cylinder block end wall and a notch extending between the socket and the cylinder bore and opening through the cylinder block end wall, the cylinder head end wall having an inner face extending over the cylinder bore and the notch and the socket, mixing and combustion chamber and passageway forming members located in and fitting the socket and the notch, the socket having a bottom well and the notch having a bottom wall, one of the mixing and combustion chamber and passageway forming members fitting in the bottom Well of the socket and having a tongue extension fitting in the notch of the cylinder block.
8. In an internal combustion engine as set forth in claim '7, and in which the mixing and combustion chamber and passageway forming members have inner surfaces forming a mixing and combustion chamber and a passageway communicating at one end with the mixing and combustion chamber, the passageway forming surfaces including a surface of the tongue extension, and the passageway including portions formed by the members and other portions formed by the tongue extension and the notch and the cylinder head, the passageway extending between the cylinder bore and the mixing and combustion chamber.
9. In mixing and combustion chamber construction for an internal combustion engine and the like including a cylinder block having an end wall and walls forming a cylinder having a bore opening through the end wall and a recess opening through the end wall and the recess including a socket and a notch having a'bottom, and the notch communicating between the socket and the cylinder bore, a mixing and combustion chamber unit adapted for separably fitting in the recess, the unit including walls having inner surfaces forming an inner combustion chamber and a passageway communicatingly connecting at its inner end with the combustion chamber and having its outer end opening through the side of the unit, one of the unit walls constituting the passageway bottom forming walls and being a tongue extending laterally from one side of the unit, the tongue being adapted to fit in the bottom of the notch of the cylinder block recess.
10. In mixing and combustion chamber construction for an internal combustion engine and the like including a cylinder block having an end wall and walls forming a cylinder having a bore opening through the end wall and a recess opening through the end wall and the recess including a socket and a notch communicating between the socket and the cylinder bore, a mixing and combustion chamber unit adapted for separably fitting in the recess, the unit including walls having inner surfaces forming an inner combustion chamber and a passageway communicatingly connecting at its inner end with the combustion chamber and having its outer end opening through the side of the unit, one of the unit walls constituting one of the passageway forming walls and including a tongue extending laterally from one side of the unit, the tongue being adapted to fit in the notch of the cylinder block recess, the combustion chamber having a center and a principal axis extending through the center and the tongue having a passageway forming face including an element perpendicular to the principal axis, and one of the unit walls constituting a flange extending outwardly in the direction of the element of the passageway forming tongue face.
11. In mixing and combustion chamber construction for an internal combustion engine and the like including a cylinder block having an end Wall and walls forming a cylinder having a bore opening through the end wall and a recess opening through the end wall and the recess including a socket and a notch communicating between the socket and the cylinder bore, a mixing and combustion chamber unit adapted for separably fitting in the recess as set forth in claim 10, and in which the tongue has a seating face spaced from the passageway forming face and the flange has a seating face co-extensive with the seating face of the tongue.
12. In mixing and combustion chamber construction for an internal combustion engine and the like including a cylinder block having an end wall and walls forming a cylinder having a bore opening through the end wall and a recess opening through the end wall and the recess including a socket and a notch communicating between the socket and the cylinder bore, a mixing and combustion chamber unit adapted for separably fitting in the recess as set forth in claim 11, and in which the flange includes an annular portion concentric with the principal axis and having a cylindrical outer face.
13. In mixing and combustion chamber construction for an internal combustion engine and the like including a cylinder block having an end wall and walls forming a cylinder having a bore opening through the end wall and a recess opening through the end wall and the recess including a socket and a notch communicating between the socket and the cylinder bore, a mixing and combustion chamber unit adapted for separatbly fitting in the recess as set forth in claim 12, and in which the unit includes at one side of the flange, a portion having an entirely cylindrical outer face co-extensive with the cylindrical outer face of the flange, and the portion of the unit having the entirely cylindrical outer face terminating in a circular end face.
14. In mixing and combustion chamber construction for an internal combustion engine and the like including a cylinder block having an end wall and walls forming a cylinder having a bore opening through the end wall and a recess opening through the end wall and the recess including a socket and a notch communicating between the socket and the cylinder bore, a mixing and combustion chamber unit adapted for separably fitting in the recess as set forth in claim 13, and in which the unit includes at the other side of the flange a portion having an externally hemispherical face.
15. In an internal combustion engine, walls forming a cylinder block having an end wall, a cylinder head secured on the cylinder block end wall, the cylinder head including an end wall abutting the cylinder block end wall, the cylinder block walls including a cylinder wall extending from its end wall, the cylinder wall having a bore opening through the cylinder block end wall, other walls of the cylinder block forming a socket opening through the cylinder block end wall and a notch extending between the socket and the cylinder bore and opening through the cylinder block end wall, the cylinder head end wall having an inner face extending over the cylinder bore and the notch and the socket, mixing and combustion chamber and passageway forming members located in and fitting the socket and the notch, the socket having a bottom well and the notch having a bottom wall, one of the mixing and combustion chamber and passageway forming memhers fitting in the bottom well of the socket and having a tongue extension fitting in the notch of the cylinder block, the mixing and combustion chamber and passageway forming members having inner surfaces forming a mixing and combustion chamber and a passageway communicating at one end with the mixing and combustion chamber, the passageway forming surfaces including a surface of the tongue extension, and the passageway including portions formed by the members and other portions formed by the tongue extension and the notch and the cylinder head, the passageway extending between the cylinder bore and the mixing and combustion chamber, and deflector means extending into the passageway from the tongue extension.
16. In mixing and combustion chamber construction for an internal combustion engine and the like including a cylinder block having an end wall and walls forming a cylinder having a bore opening through the end wall and a recess opening through the end wall and the recess including a socket and a notch communicating between the socket and the cylinder bore, a mixing and combustion chamber unit adapted for separably fitting in the recess, the unit including walls having inner surfaces forming an inner combustion chamber and a passageway communicatingly connecting at its inner end with the combustion chamber and having its outer end opening through the side of the unit, one of the unit walls constituting one of the passageway forming walls and including a tongue extending laterally from one side of the unit, the tongue being adapted to fit in the notch of the cylinder block recess, and deflector means extending into the passageway from the tongue.
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4057038A (en) * 1975-05-22 1977-11-08 Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft Auxiliary combustion chamber for a stratified charge internal combustion engine
US4122805A (en) * 1976-08-02 1978-10-31 General Motors Corporation Diesel engine combustion chambers
US4122804A (en) * 1976-08-02 1978-10-31 General Motors Corporation Diesel engine combustion chambers
US4380978A (en) * 1980-04-22 1983-04-26 Rockwell International Corporation Electrostatic diesel fuel injector
DE3539128A1 (en) * 1984-11-10 1986-05-15 Volkswagen AG, 3180 Wolfsburg Combustion chamber for diesel internal combustion engines

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE19742E (en) * 1935-10-22 D treiber
US2062951A (en) * 1934-08-08 1936-12-01 Hercules Motors Corp Compression ignition internal combustion engine

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE19742E (en) * 1935-10-22 D treiber
US2062951A (en) * 1934-08-08 1936-12-01 Hercules Motors Corp Compression ignition internal combustion engine

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4057038A (en) * 1975-05-22 1977-11-08 Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft Auxiliary combustion chamber for a stratified charge internal combustion engine
US4122805A (en) * 1976-08-02 1978-10-31 General Motors Corporation Diesel engine combustion chambers
US4122804A (en) * 1976-08-02 1978-10-31 General Motors Corporation Diesel engine combustion chambers
US4380978A (en) * 1980-04-22 1983-04-26 Rockwell International Corporation Electrostatic diesel fuel injector
DE3539128A1 (en) * 1984-11-10 1986-05-15 Volkswagen AG, 3180 Wolfsburg Combustion chamber for diesel internal combustion engines

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