US2734864A - Stabilized lubricating compositions - Google Patents
Stabilized lubricating compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2734864A US2734864A US2734864DA US2734864A US 2734864 A US2734864 A US 2734864A US 2734864D A US2734864D A US 2734864DA US 2734864 A US2734864 A US 2734864A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- dithiophosphate
- dithiophosphates
- lubricating
- lubricating oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- VKCLPVFDVVKEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N S=[P] Chemical class S=[P] VKCLPVFDVVKEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 alkoxyaryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N nifuroxazide Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)N\N=C\C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)O1 YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RWQFRHVDPXXRQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus sesquisulfide Chemical compound P12SP3SP1P2S3 RWQFRHVDPXXRQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000009967 Erodium cicutarium Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000003759 Erodium cicutarium Species 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JWOPLIXEIJVTGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihexadecoxy-sulfanyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(S)(=S)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC JWOPLIXEIJVTGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005160 aryl oxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QCRFMSUKWRQZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCCC1 QCRFMSUKWRQZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCIXKGXIYUWCLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanol Chemical compound OC1CCCC1 XCIXKGXIYUWCLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCIXKGXIYUWCLL-HOSYLAQJSA-N cyclopentanol Chemical class O[13CH]1CCCC1 XCIXKGXIYUWCLL-HOSYLAQJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJCFRYNCJDLXIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyproheptadine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCC1=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JJCFRYNCJDLXIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001545 dialkoxyaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BHAOXUASJHPSJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy-octylsulfanyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSP(O)(O)=S BHAOXUASJHPSJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXUZYWRVKRMDJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecoxy-dodecylsulfanyl-hydroxy-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(=S)SCCCCCCCCCCCC GXUZYWRVKRMDJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentasulfide Chemical compound S1P(S2)(=S)SP3(=S)SP1(=S)SP2(=S)S3 CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZBDJNBFTEIUHPK-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dihexoxy-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCOP([S-])(=S)OCCCCCC.CCCCCCOP([S-])(=S)OCCCCCC ZBDJNBFTEIUHPK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/12—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/06—Groups 3 or 13
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/14—Group 7
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/16—Groups 8, 9, or 10
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
- C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
- C10N2040/044—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for manual transmissions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
- C10N2040/046—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for traction drives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
- C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives
Definitions
- the principal objects of the invention are to provide an improved lubricating oil of the heavy duty type which is heat stable, which is particularly resistant to sludge formation and oxidation, which is-non-corrosive to alloy bearings and other metal parts under conditions of extreme service, and which is'free'from varnish formation and ring sticking tendencies.
- R is a member of the group consisting of:.aryl, alkyl, aralkyl, .cycloalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, :acylaryl and alkoxyaryl radicals; M is hydrogen sorha :salt-forming radical; and n is the valenceofsM. "More! specifically, compounds.
- dialkyl dithiophosphosphates such as dibutyl,dithiophosphate,,dihexyl dithiophosphate, di n-octyl dithiophosphate, ,dicapryl di ztiophosphate, dilauryl dithiophosphate, dioc tadecy1 dithiophosphate, etc.
- the dialkyl dithiophosphosphates such as dibutyl,dithiophosphate,,dihexyl dithiophosphate, di n-octyl dithiophosphate, ,dicapryl di ztiophosphate, dilauryl dithiophosphate, dioc tadecy1 dithiophosphate, etc.
- diaryl dithiophosphates and the diaryl dithiophosphates in which the aryl group bears an alkyl, .alkoxy or cycloaliphatic ;group are (13150 useful such as for example diphenyl .dithiophosphate, :di-(:2,4-'dia'myl phenyl) dithiophosphate, dikeryl zdiphenyl dithiophosphate (a product-obtained by treating:chlorinatedkerosene witha phenol in the presence of aluminum chloride and -then:reactin g.with P285) landsthe various-,di-(wax substituted diaryl) dithiophosphates as described inedetail, in application-Serial No.
- alkyl group inlthe alkaryl radical prefers the alkyl group inlthe alkaryl radical to have 5 to 50 carbon atoms so that thecompounds are moreeasily. oil-soluble.
- dicycloaliphatic dithiophosphates such as thosepreparedby reacting cyclopentanol, cyclohexanol, cy'cloheptanol, and methyl, ethyl, .propyl [and .am yl .substituted cyclopentanol, ,cyclohexanol and cycloheptanol, etc. with P285.
- Thediaryloxyalkyl .dithiophosphates such ,as di-(2,4-diamylphenoxyethyl) dithiophosphate, the diacylaryl dithiophosphates such as ,di-(lauroylphenyl);dithiophosphate and the dialkoxyaryl dithiophosphates may also be added to lubricating oils to improve the oxidation-stability of theoil.
- Hyflo the material was poured while hot into a 1 gallon size precoated Sparkler Filter. The filtration required 65 minutes, using a final pressure of -35 lbs. and the cake was blown at 30 lbs. pressure for /6 hour. The yield of red-brown, haze-free product was 3059 g.
- Zinc dihexyldi- Wool Greasethiophosphate P483 Reaction Appearance of Oil Blend 7 percent product, percent 0. 0 (control) 0. 0 Clear, slight sediment. 0. 6 0.0 Black, opaque. 0. 6 0. 05 Clear, small crowfoot ppt. 0. 6 0.50 Do.
- a lubricating oil composition comprising an organic substituted dithiophosphate and a heat stabilizer consisting of an oil soluble reaction product of phosphorus sulfide, which composition is heat stable, is particularly resistant to sludge formation and oxidation, is non-corrosive to alloy bearings and other metal parts under conditions of extreme service, and is free of varnish formation and ring sticking tendencies.
- a hydrocarbon mineral lubricating oil composition comprising a hydrocarbon mineral lubricating oil and, as an antioxidant and anticorrosive agent having a tendency toward heat instability and the formation of sludge upon continued heating thereof at high temperatures,
- R-O s M R-O s n in which R is a member of the group consisting of alkyl radicals having from 5 to 30 carbon atoms; M is a polyvalent metal of the group consisting of calcium, strontium, barium, tin, zinc, magnesium, nickel, aluminum and cadmium; and n is the valence of M, said oil also containing, as a heat stabilizer for said dithiophosphate, 0.054% by weight of an oil soluble wool grease-phosphorus sulfide reaction product.
- dithiophosphate is a polyvalent metal salt of dihexyldithiophosphate.
- dithiophosphate is a polyvalent metal salt of dilauryldithiophosphate.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
ink-0.?
United States Patent STABILIZED LUBRICATIN G COMPQSITIONS James B. Peeso, Stamford, and -Edvvin:0..Hook, New Canaan, Conn.,.assignors to *American Cyanamid Com- 'pany, New York, N. Y.,,.-a-, corporation. of vMaine No Drawing. Application May31,'1952, I
=senarNo.-=291, s6
8 Claims. ,(Cl. 252-325) ,This invention relates to lubricating-oil:additives; to lubricating oil compositionsv containing the same; and particularly to those oils-of the type knownas crankcase oils. Although the improved lubricating oil compositions of the present invention are -highly desirable for use in the crankcases of passenger automobiles, ,theyiare also especially valuable for heavy duty-servicein truck, bus, aeroplane, marine-and dieseleengineswhich operate for long periods oftime at hightemperatures.
The principal objects of the invention are to provide an improved lubricating oil of the heavy duty type which is heat stable, which is particularly resistant to sludge formation and oxidation, which is-non-corrosive to alloy bearings and other metal parts under conditions of extreme service, and which is'free'from varnish formation and ring sticking tendencies.
When conventional lubricating oils are subjected to high operating temperatures for extended periods of time, as encountered in heavy duty service, they show a tendency to oxidize or decompose with the formation of complex and objectionable oxidation and decomposition "products. Under the high-temperature conditions obtaining in the engine, thesedecomposition products polymerize to form lacquer-like deposits on or between the moving parts oftheeng-ine causing them tostick or to wear rapidly. Even larger quantities ofpolymerization products remain dispersedinvthe partlywoxidized crankcase oil. and are-rapidly precipitated.=to'form a sludge when the engine. cools 1or. when'fresh .oil is added to the engine. These precipitated sludges become caked on the heated metal surfacesgand. cut 'down the effective life of the engine.
In United Statespatent applicationsSerial No. 1401; 960, filed July 11, 1941, and Serial:N0.-415,411, filed Octoberl7, 1941, now -abandoned,i-it isfdisclosedthat hydrocarbon lubricating oil compositions having ;greatly improved detergent, anti-corrosive and anti-sludge forming properties may be prepared -by ;the incorporation thereinof minor amounts of various organiosubstitute'd dithiophosphates. While the lubricating oils containing these organic substituted dithiophosphates are extremely resistant to .sludge formation underconditions of heavy duty service, we have foundthahwhen preparing these improved lubricating oil compositions from ordinary classes of lubricating, oils.which are not highly refined, a small amount of sludge Will form when the oil is-subjected to high temperatures in heavy duty service for long periods of time in the presence of air or oxygen. With the more highly ,refined oils, however, such as those treated by the solvent refining process, the amount of sludge formed undersuch conditions is small. Since it is desirable, however, to use a lower cost ,oilin trucks, buses, diesel engines, etc., which operate almost continuously at high temperatures, a further improvement in the heat stability of lubricating oils refinedby conventional methods is desirable.
We have found that these organic substituted dithiophosphates which are added to lubricating oilsrefined ice by ordinary methods mayibe rendered more heat stable and more resistant to oxidation and decomposition-and the lubricating oil compositions themselvesmade almost entirely resistantto sludge'formationin heavy duty-service for long periods of time atelevatedtemperaturesby the. incorporation therein of minor amounts of oil. soluble reaction products of phosphorus sulfides and wool grease, which reaction may be promoted by the-presence of a free oxygen-containing gas. -As used herein, these products will be. referred to as' oil soluble reaction products of phosphorussulfides or similar terms. i
The various dithiophosphates whichwerhavefound useful in improving: lubricating :oils andwhichmay be employed to advantage .with the oflesolub le reaction products of phosphorus sulfides-are thoseqhaving the general formula:
1 RO' s M a 1 R--O s n in which R is a member of the group consisting of:.aryl, alkyl, aralkyl, .cycloalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, :acylaryl and alkoxyaryl radicals; M is hydrogen sorha :salt-forming radical; and n is the valenceofsM. "More! specifically, compounds. of this class, include ,,the dialkyl dithiophosphosphates such as dibutyl,dithiophosphate,,dihexyl dithiophosphate, di n-octyl dithiophosphate, ,dicapryl di ztiophosphate, dilauryl dithiophosphate, dioc tadecy1 dithiophosphate, etc, We prefer to usehthose dialkyl dithiophosphates in which the alkyl group-:,-has from 5 to 30 -carbon atoms since the longer alkyl Chains-;-.tend to increase the solubility of the dithiophosphates in lubricating oils. The diaryl dithiophosphates and the diaryl dithiophosphates in which the aryl group bears an alkyl, .alkoxy or cycloaliphatic ;group are (13150 useful such as for example diphenyl .dithiophosphate, :di-(:2,4-'dia'myl phenyl) dithiophosphate, dikeryl zdiphenyl dithiophosphate (a product-obtained by treating:chlorinatedkerosene witha phenol in the presence of aluminum chloride and -then:reactin g.with P285) landsthe various-,di-(wax substituted diaryl) dithiophosphates as described inedetail, in application-Serial No. 415,411, filed October- 17, 1941, now, abandoned. We. also: prefer the alkyl group inlthe alkaryl radical to have 5 to 50 carbon atoms so that thecompounds are moreeasily. oil-soluble. We may also employ the dicycloaliphatic dithiophosphates-such as thosepreparedby reacting cyclopentanol, cyclohexanol, cy'cloheptanol, and methyl, ethyl, .propyl [and .am yl .substituted cyclopentanol, ,cyclohexanol and cycloheptanol, etc. with P285. Thediaryloxyalkyl .dithiophosphates such ,as di-(2,4-diamylphenoxyethyl) dithiophosphate, the diacylaryl dithiophosphates such as ,di-(lauroylphenyl);dithiophosphate and the dialkoxyaryl dithiophosphates may also be added to lubricating oils to improve the oxidation-stability of theoil.
We prefer to employ these various organic substituted dithiophosphates in the form of their metal saltsypref oi phosphorus sulfides should be employed. Theuamount ofboth of these substituents in the 'oil will also depend to some extent upon the purpose for which the oil is intended. For example an oil intended for extremely heavy duty service should contain more of both the dithiophosphate and the phosphorus sulfide reaction product as compared with the amounts required by an oil intended for ordinary usage.
The preparation and nature of the oil soluble reaction products of phosphorus sulfides such as of phosphorus sesquisulfide, phosphorus pentasulfide, etc., is set forth in United States Patents 2,483,571, issued October 4, 1949, and 2,375,060, issued May 1, 1945, and reference thereto is incorporated herein. The invention is particularly applicable to compositions comprising the organic substituted dithiophosphates, previously described, and to those reaction products of phosphorus sesquisulfide (P483) and wool grease.
The preparation of the oil soluble phosphorus sulfide reaction products will be further described in greater detail by the following specific example. It should be understood, however, that, although this example sets forth in particular detail some of the more specific features of such preparation, it is not to be construed as limitative thereof.
Material used:
Procedure The wool grease and butanol were charged to a 5 liter flask fitted with a stirrer, thermometer, and reflux condenser. The sodium hydroxide was dissolved in about its own weight of water and added. The reaction mixture was heated to 100 C. and held at that temperature for 70 minutes. The zinc chloride was dissolved in an equal weight of water and added to the reaction mixture which was then stirred for an additional /2 hour at 90-100" C. The reaction mixture was stripped to 120 C. under a water pump vacuum. The recovery of aqueous and non aqueous distillates was 58 g. and 158 g. respectively.
To the cooled stripped material 75.2 g. P483 was added and the temperature raised to 115 C. Air was blown through the Well-stirred reaction mixture at such a rate so as to maintain the exothermic reaction at 125-130 C. After one hour the exothermic reaction was over '(white fume evolution practically ceased) and air blowing was continued for V2 hour while maintaining the temperature at 125-130 C. by applying external heat. At this point 1000 g. S. A. E. oil, 150 g. barium oxide and 75 g. methanol were added. The reaction mixture was heated to methanol reflux and after -20 minutes became HzS-free. After heating an additional minutes the product was vacuum stripped to 120 C. After adding 60 g. Hyflo the material was poured while hot into a 1 gallon size precoated Sparkler Filter. The filtration required 65 minutes, using a final pressure of -35 lbs. and the cake was blown at 30 lbs. pressure for /6 hour. The yield of red-brown, haze-free product was 3059 g.
The excellent comparability and solubility of these oil soluble reaction products of phosphorus sulfides in hydrocarbon lubricating oil compositions containing the dithiophosphates leads to another important advantage, namely, the ease with which these compounds are blended with 4 the oil compositions. This step is further simplified by our practice of very. simply dissolving them in the lubricating oils up to the extent of 50% or higher concentrations for storage and shipping purposes. In this way the blender of the ultimate composition need only pour the additive composition into-the stock lubricating oil with suitable stirring in order to obtain the desired lubricant.
The invention will be further described in more specific detail by reference to and discussion of the following results obtained from heat stability tests which were run on various oil compositions selected to best illustrate the inventive concept.
These tests consisted of the following procedure: a 200 gram sample of the selected oil composition was placed in a 400 ml. short form, pyrex beaker and set in a partially ventilated oven which was maintained at 250 F. The test sample was observed at regular intervals during a hour period. 1 After 125 hours, the sample was removed from the oven and allowed to stand and cool for 24 hours. The sample was then observed for hazing, precipitation and/or gelling. Precipitating and/ or gelling were considered as failures; a small amount of precipitation, however, could be tolerated; hazing, although not a crucial factor, was an indication of heat instability.
The following results were noted on blends using a solvent refined Mid-Continent base oil, S. A. E. 10:
Zinc dihexyldi- Wool Greasethiophosphate, P483 Reaction Appearance of Oil Blend 7 percent product, percent 0. 0 (control) 0. 0 Clear, slight sediment. 0. 6 0.0 Black, opaque. 0. 6 0. 05 Clear, small crowfoot ppt. 0. 6 0.50 Do.
From the foregoing table, it will be realized that the addition of 0.6% zinc dihexyldithiophosphate alone rendered the oil blend unacceptable and a failure insofar as the heat stability thereof was concerned. The black, opaque appearance of the oil blend clearly indicated the lack of heat stability of the additive-containing oil. However, it is to vbe noted that the addition of as little as 0.05% of a wool greaseP4S3 reaction product immediately improved the heat stability of the additivecontaining oil so that the oil blend took on a clear aspect with merely a small crowfoot precipitate. A similar result was obtained when the concentration of the woolgrease-PrSs reaction product was increased tenfold from 0.05 to 0.50 percent.
From the foregoing, it will be seen that we have provided a lubricating oil composition comprising an organic substituted dithiophosphate and a heat stabilizer consisting of an oil soluble reaction product of phosphorus sulfide, which composition is heat stable, is particularly resistant to sludge formation and oxidation, is non-corrosive to alloy bearings and other metal parts under conditions of extreme service, and is free of varnish formation and ring sticking tendencies.
Although we have described but one specific preparation of the reaction products of phosphorus sulfides and have referred to, the results of specific tests of such a compound in lubricating oil compositions containing dithiophosphates, we consider the same not to be limited thereto. It is understood that suitable changes, variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
We claim:
1. A hydrocarbon mineral lubricating oil composition comprising a hydrocarbon mineral lubricating oil and, as an antioxidant and anticorrosive agent having a tendency toward heat instability and the formation of sludge upon continued heating thereof at high temperatures,
5 0.1-3.0% by weight of a dialkyl dithiophosphate having the formula:
R-O s M R-O s n in which R is a member of the group consisting of alkyl radicals having from 5 to 30 carbon atoms; M is a polyvalent metal of the group consisting of calcium, strontium, barium, tin, zinc, magnesium, nickel, aluminum and cadmium; and n is the valence of M, said oil also containing, as a heat stabilizer for said dithiophosphate, 0.054% by weight of an oil soluble wool grease-phosphorus sulfide reaction product.
2. The invention as defined in claim 1, wherein the sulfide is phosphorus sesquisulfide.
3. The invention as defined in claim 1, wherein the dithiophosphate is a polyvalent metal salt of dihexyldithiophosphate.
4. The invention as defined in claim 1, wherein the dithiophosphate is a polyvalent metal salt of dilauryldithiophosphate.
5. The invention as defined in claim 1, wherein the 5 dithiophosphate is a polyvalent metal salt of dicapryldithiophosphate.
6. The invention as defined in claim 1, wherein the polyvalent metal is zinc.
7. The invention as defined in claim 1, wherein the 1 polyvalent metal is barium.
Cook et a1 Mar. 14, 1944 Williams et a1. May 1, 1945
Claims (1)
1. A HYDROCARBON MINERAL LUBRICATING OIL COMPOSITION COMPRISING A HYDROCARBON MINERAL LUBRICATING OIL AND, AS AN ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICORROSIVE AGENT HAVING A TENDENCY TOWARD HEAT INSTABILITY AND THE FORMATION SLUDGE UPON CONTINUED HEATING THEREOF AT HIGH TEMPERATURES, 0.1-3.0% BY WEIGHT OF A DIALKYL DITHIOPHOSPHATE HAVING THE FORMULA:
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US745932XA | 1952-05-31 | 1952-05-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2734864A true US2734864A (en) | 1956-02-14 |
Family
ID=22120412
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US2734864D Expired - Lifetime US2734864A (en) | 1952-05-31 | Stabilized lubricating compositions |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2734864A (en) |
GB (1) | GB745932A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1096528B (en) * | 1959-08-03 | 1961-01-05 | Standard Oil Co | Hydrocarbon lubricating oil |
DE2108780A1 (en) * | 1971-02-24 | 1972-10-26 | Optimol-Ölwerke GmbH, 8000 München | Lubricant or lubricant concentrate |
CN101880226A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2010-11-10 | 苏州博纳化学科技有限公司 | Synthetic method for dihydric alcohol-isomeric tridecanol diester |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2344392A (en) * | 1941-11-08 | 1944-03-14 | American Cyanamid Co | Crankcase lubricant and chemical compound therefor |
US2375061A (en) * | 1941-12-29 | 1945-05-01 | Pure Oil Co | Stabilized lubricant and the method of preparing the lubricant additive for this lubricanat |
-
0
- US US2734864D patent/US2734864A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1953
- 1953-05-20 GB GB14158/53A patent/GB745932A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2344392A (en) * | 1941-11-08 | 1944-03-14 | American Cyanamid Co | Crankcase lubricant and chemical compound therefor |
US2375061A (en) * | 1941-12-29 | 1945-05-01 | Pure Oil Co | Stabilized lubricant and the method of preparing the lubricant additive for this lubricanat |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1096528B (en) * | 1959-08-03 | 1961-01-05 | Standard Oil Co | Hydrocarbon lubricating oil |
DE2108780A1 (en) * | 1971-02-24 | 1972-10-26 | Optimol-Ölwerke GmbH, 8000 München | Lubricant or lubricant concentrate |
CN101880226A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2010-11-10 | 苏州博纳化学科技有限公司 | Synthetic method for dihydric alcohol-isomeric tridecanol diester |
CN101880226B (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2013-04-24 | 苏州博纳化学科技有限公司 | Synthetic method for dihydric alcohol-isomeric tridecanol diester |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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GB745932A (en) | 1956-03-07 |
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