Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
  • C08K5/098—Metal salts of carboxylic acids
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
  • Y10S516/905—Agent composition per se for colloid system making or stabilizing, e.g. foaming, emulsifying, dispersing, or gelling
  • Y10S516/917—The agent contains organic compound containing oxygen
  • Y10S516/919—The compound contains -C[=O]OH or salt thereof

Definitions

• This invention relates to improved asphalt emulsions and to procedures for preparing the same. More particularly it is concerned with asphalt emulsions having predetermined viscosities and demulsibility characteristics.
• the properties of asphalt emulsions which are important and which must be varied according to the contemplated utility comprise viscosity, resistance to electrolytes, stability and resistance to re-emulsification of the dehydrated emulsion products.
• the viscosity of the emulsion is important for such purposes as application to crowned roads and the like where the tendency to run off a sloping surface must be minimized.
• the resistance to breaking by electrolytes is also of considerable technical importance since many emulsions are mixed with cement, calcium chloride, lime and aggregates, although quick breaking emulsions may be preferred for certain purposes.
• the tendency to re-emulsify before complete curing is of especial importance when the asphaltic structure is laid down during wet weather.
• the emulsifier employed sensitizes the dehydrated asphalt-film to re-emulsification, such as during a rain storm, the period during which such compositions may be employed is restricted to dry seasons.
• Many types of emulsifying agents have been utilized in the preparation of asphalt emulsions and these have been modified by the addition of numerous stabilizers, dispersants, surface-active agents, colloids and salts to provide specific properties, especially with respect to stability, in order to adjust the properties for particular uses.
• the viscosity and demulsibility of oil-in-water type asphalt emulsions can be closely regulated by a particular distribution and combination of emulsifying agents therein. More particularly, the viscosity can be controlled,
• C1sH2'ICOONa (1) C1'zH29COONa (l) C1sH31COONa (1) C20HssCOONa (2) C21H35COONa (2) CzsHssCOONa (2) Cz4I-Is9COONa (3) C25H41COONa (3 CsqHesCOONa 3) and possibly others which have not yet been isolated and identified.
• a mixed base crude would contain some of the acids mentioned above and in addition would probably contain some acids of the series whose general formula is CnHZn-202-
• the total acid content of this type crude is usually somewhat less than that of a coastal type asphaltic base crude.
• naphthenic acids usually have acid values between 75 and 200 mg. KOH per g. and molecular weights between about 300 and 750; preferably, however, the acids from which .the soaps are derived have average molecular weights between'400 and 600 and acid values between about 90 and about 180. If low molecular weight naphthenic acids are employed in the soap formation, no viscosity effect is obtained .and it extremely high molecular weight soaps are utilized the proportion required for emulsification becomes excessive.
• the described soaps may be those of inorganic alkaline monovalent cations such as ammonium or alkali metal, e. g., sodium, potassium or lithium, although sodium soaps are preferred. They are to be added to the asphalt prior to contact with the potential aqueous phase and should be present in amounts varying from about 0.5% to about based on the weight of the asphalt.
• the viscosity of the eventual emulsion will depend to a large degree upon the proportion of naphthenic soaps incorporated in the asphalt phase. It has been found that addition to the asphalt phase of these soaps is essential for viscosity elfect since substantially no change in viscosity occurs if naphthenic soaps are incorporated solely in the aqueous phase. Likewise, it is a highly preferred practice to incorporate the whole crude naphthenate bottoms from the distillation of lubricating oil since the bottoms non-soap components appear to contribute materially to the quality of the emulsion and especially to the properties of the film resulting by dehydration of the same.
• the asphalt phase (which may be readily and cheaply shipped to a site of utilization prior to emulsification) comprises asphalt, and minor proportions each of lubricating oil resins and oil soluble monovalent soaps of naphthenic acids.
• the asphalts also exhibit substantially improved ductility and flexibility.
• sources of free or sprung naphthenic acids are available and are suitable for use in the present compositions upon resaponification.
• the bottoms from the lubricating oil distillation as discussed above, are more effective for the productionof asphalt compositions having optimum properties.
• the presence of the lubricating oil resins in the emulsion of this invention appear to promote the maximum stability against breaking in the presence of electrolytes and also provide the emulsion with resistance to settling and pellet formation.
• a preferred practice for incorporating the subject naphthenic soaps in asphalts comprises simply warming the asphalt until it is relatively fluid and incorporating the uaphthenic soaps or naphthenic lubricating oil still bot-, toms therein with stirringor other means of agitation.
• the excellent properties of the emulsions, prepared as described herewith, are based in part upon dispersal. of the soaps throughout each of the phases and not merely at the interface therebetween.
• Emulsions can be prepared by simply adding water to the asphalt containing the subject naphthenate soaps.
• the resulting emulsions are highly unstable to the presence of electrolytes such as cement and the like.
• electrolytes such as cement and the like.
• the emulsion immediately breaks.
• this property of sensitivity to electrolytes is overcome by combining with the aqueous phase of the emulsion a soap type emulsifying agent.
• acids which may be employed in suitable soap formation include those derived from animal or vegetable sources, particularly those from tall oil, cocoanut oil, palm kernel oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, sardine oil, soy bean oil, peanut oil; partially or completely hydrogenated animal and vegetable oils, carboxy acids produced by the oxidation of petroleum or paraflln wax, sulfonic acids and sulfate ester acids.
• Typical soaps include sodium tallate, potassium tallate, sodium abietate, potassium oleate, sodiumv petroleum sulfonate, etc.
• the lubricating oil comprised at least 20% by weight of high molecular weight lubricating oil resins.
• the heavy naphthenic bottoms contained approximately 40% by weight of sodium naphthenates of naphthenic acids having an average molecular weight of approximately 580.
• the roller stability test comprises rolling the emulsion in a cylinder containing a steel rod and determining the percentage of emulsion which breaks under the test conditions which are as follows:
• An asphalt emulsion of the oil-in-water type the asphalt having dispersed therein a minor amount of alkali metal soaps of naphthenic acids having an average molecular weight above about 300 and the water phase of said emulsion having a water-dispersible soap dispersed therein, the proportion of said naphthenic soap being from about 0.5 to 10% based on the weight of the asphalt and the proportion of water-dispersible soap being from about 0.5% to 10% based on the weight of the water.
• An asphalt emulsion of the oil-in-water type comprising an asphalt phase having dispersed therein from about 0.5% to about 10% by Weight based on the asphalt of sodium soaps of naphthenic acids having an average molecular weight between about 400 and 600 and an aqueous phase having dispersed therein between about 0.5% and about 10% by weight based on the water of sodium soaps of tall oil acids, said soaps being dispersed in their respective phases prior to emulsification thereof.
• An asphalt emulsion of the oil-in-water type the asphalt having dispersed therein a minor amount of inorganic monovalent cation soaps of naphthenic acids having an average molecular weight above about 300 and the water phase of said emulsion having a waterdispersible soap dispersed therein, the proportion of said naphthenic soap being from about 0.5 to 10% based on the weight of the asphalt and the proportion of waterdispersible soap being from about 0.5% to 10% based on the weight of the water, said soaps being pre-formed before addition to each of the phases.
• An asphalt emulsion of the oil-in-water type the asphalt having dispersed therein a minor amount of the product obtained by distillation of petroleum lubricating oils in the presence of sodium hydroxide, whereby a bottoms product comprising sodium soaps of naphthenic acids having an average molecular weight above about 300 and petroleum lubricating oil resins is obtained, and a water phase of said emulsion having a water-dispersible soap dispersed therein, the proportion of said naphthenic soap being between about 0.5 to 10% based on the weight of the asphalt, the proportion of water-dispersible soap being from about 0.5% to 10% based on the weight of the water.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Working-Up Tar And Pitch (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=23068134

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (6)

Citations (6)

• 0
  • BE BE518728D patent/BE518728A/xx unknown
• 1952
  • 1952-03-28 US US279223A patent/US2730506A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1953
  • 1953-03-26 GB GB8379/53A patent/GB724318A/en not_active Expired
  • 1953-03-26 FR FR1075755D patent/FR1075755A/fr not_active Expired

Patent Citations (6)

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