US2727281A

US2727281A - Centering for construction of arches

Info

Publication number: US2727281A
Application number: US253174A
Authority: US
Inventors: Cruciani Eusebio
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1951-08-07
Filing date: 1951-10-25
Publication date: 1955-12-20
Anticipated expiration: 1972-12-20

Description

Dec. 20, 1955 E. CRUCIANI 2,727,281

CENTERING FOR CONSTRUCTIQN OF ARCHES Filed Oct. 25, 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet l Dec. 20, 1955 cRuc 2,727,281

CENTERING FOR CONSTRUCTION OF ARCHES Filed Oct. 25, 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Eus ro (bribe/uh 0' 1421170 y-neyg,

United States Patent 0 The object of the present invention is a centering having a lightened cross-section, for masonries in general, arch or dome shaped of whatever form. The centering may also be used as support for fiat or curved structures, and it may form also a supporting structure for slating, foot-bridges and the like. 9

It is known that the construction of wood centerings presently employed requires cutting, rivetting or gluing operations, or anyhow workings which alter the dimensions of the wood elements, so that said elements, when the centering is demolished, cannot always be used again a for the construction of other centerings having a different shape. It is also known that the construction of totally iron made centerings requires expensive and heavy equipment of special materials.

The purpose of this invention is therefore that of manufacturing centerings, with preferably wooden elements, of limited varieties and easily connectable, so as to obtain, according to exigencies, bendings and various shapes through the sole operation of mounting, and with the possibility of using again the same materialsseveral timesfor structures having different shapes and however loaded.

The system of manufacture of the centering according to the invention is the following:

A first layer of boards or superposed sheets, held together by rivetings or by even provisional loops, is first of all made, out of their place in the construction and on a pre-arranged and suitable mould. On the external side of this layer, at pie-established constant or variable distances, are placed elements, preferably of wood, composed by one or more pieces of width, length and height deriving from the calculation of the structure, forming distancing elements of the aforecited layer from a second layer which will be described hereafter.

Said second layer of boards or sheets, similar to the former, is than constructed, resting on the free bases of the distancing elements.

Compressing elements are then placed in correspondence of each distancing element between the two layers, said compressing elements being suitable to connect and to stiffen the parts already constructed and being preferably embodied in the form of loops comprising an upper and a lower cross bar, and two lateral arms which may be brought to compress the complex by means of threading, wedges or other analogous systems. The compressive stress of these loops must be controlled and adjusted by means of gauging of the elements used for giving the compressive stress, i. e. of the key for the nuts and of the hammer for the wedges.

If the calculation indicates the necessity, the aforecited compressive members may be completed or substituted by transverse connections between the described cross bars, or between additional cross bars, in the shape of a frame-work, and by secondary members pressing on 70 single layers of boards or sheets possibly interposed between the preceding ones.

Whenever advantageous, one or more groups of boards or sheets may be substituted or helped by tie-rods or metallic or wood posts.

When its construction is ended, the centering is put in its place or it is mounted if made in more parts.

A preferred form of embodiment of this invention is shown, merely by way of example, in the attached drawings, wherein:

Fig. l is a lateral view of a portion of a centering, with a superposed layer of masonry;

Fig. 2 shows a detail, in enlarged scale, of the sole centering, in lateral view;

Fig. 3 shows a generic cross-section of a complex of centerings comprising six centerings placed side by side, connected and stiffened, to support the masonry to be made, and

Fig. 4 shows a cross-section taken along the line IV-IV of Fig. 2.

With reference to the drawings: by 1 is marked the first layer of superposed boards, which may be held together by the loops 2.

By 3 are marked the distancing elements, and by 4 the second layer of boards.

The compressing members are formed by the tie-rods 5 which are placed laterally to the distancing elements 3, the compressing function whereof is completed by the framework arranged tie-rods 6.

In the figures the system of the different tie-rods has been shown as put under tensile stress by means of threading and nuts; but, as has been noted before, the tie-rods may also be put under tensile stress by means of wedges or analogous systems.

The different tie-rods are engaged in cross bars 7 through which they exert their function without requiring special applications in the wood, which would damage this latter, preventing its re-employment.

The various centerings, once embodied, may be placed side by side in order to obtain a complex of centerings, as shown by way of example in Fig. 3, wherein by 8 has been marked the supporting element of the various centerings, by 9 a generic structure for the upper connection of the centerings, on which structure is afterwards cast the cement 10.

The supporting structure for the cement, even if otherwise embodied, is also visible in Fig. 1, and has been marked by 11, while the cement on it has been marked by 12.

The invention has also the advantage of eliminating the encumbrance under the centering, which is very useful for the free passage of water, or for the maintenance of the transit when overbridge is constructed or in the case of overpassing water courses or very embanked valleys and the like.

The invention allows furthermore the utilization of the very foundations of the construction to be made and consequently it allows to totally eliminate, or at least reduce the number of the intermediate supports and requires the use of small quantities of materials, besides allowing their almost total recovery.

It is to be noted that in particular cases, the distancing element or elements may be abolished and in this case the two layers join into one.

I claim:

1. A centering for construction of arches formed of separable, re-usable elements, comprising two arches, each of said arches comprised of a plurality of layers of boards, a plurality of pairs of cross bars placed on the outer layers of said arches opposite each other transversely to said arches and extending over the edges of said layers, bolts connecting the ends of each pair of cross bars, said bolts and cross bars holding said layers in engagement with each other, a plurality of spacing members positioned between the mner surface oi the first arch and the outer surface'of the second arch and holding said arches spaced fromeach other, a second plurality of pairs of said, cross bars placed on the outersur-face of the first arch and the inner surface of the second arch and extending over the edge of :said arches and aligned with said .spacing members, and tie rods connecting the ends of each pair of said cross bars of said second plurality and holding said arches against said spacing members.

2. A centering for construction of arches asclaimed in claim 1, having a plurality of additional tie rods connecting the ends of such of the cross bars'of said second plurality as .are aligned with spacing members which are adjacent to each other.

3. Acentering for construction of arches formed with separable, re-usable elements, comprising a plurality of arches, each of said arches comprised of a plurality of layers of boards, a plurality of pairs of cross bars placed on the outer layers of said arches opposite each other transversely to said arches and extending over the edges of said layers, bolts connecting the ends of each pair of cross bars, said bolts and cross bars holding Said layers in engagement with each other, a plurality of spacing members positioned between the adjacent surfaces of said arches and holding said arches spaced from each other, and a second plurality of pairs of said cross bars placed on the outer surface of the outer arch and the inner surface of the inner arch and extending over the edges of said arch in the same position as said. spacing members, andtie rods connecting the ends of each pair of said cross bars of said second plurality and holding said arches against said spacing members.

4. A centering for construction of arches formed of separable and re-usable elements, comprising two beams having a plurality of superimposed layers of boards with their ends offset in relation to the ends of adjacent boards, a plurality of loops, each of said loops encircling one of said beams holding said layers in engagement with each other, the first of said beams being bent upwardly, the second of said beams being longer than and positioned on top of the first beam and bent upwardly with a radius of curvature less than that of said first beam, a plurality of spacing members positioned between said beams, a plurality of pairs of cross bars positioned transversely to said beams opposite each other on the 'uppersurface of the second beam and the lower surface of the first beam with the ends of said crossbars projecting over the edges of said beams, and tie rods connecting the ends of the pairs of cross bars, said cross bars and tie rods holding said beams against said spacers.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 9,090 Bradway et al. July '6, 1852 25,852 Sprague Oct. 18, 1859 263,333 Godman Aug. 29, 1882 1,219,123 Macmechen et al. Mar. 13, 1917 1,330,771 Tregillus 'Feb. 10, 1920 2,251,578 Rietzke Aug. 5, 1941 FOREIGN PATENTS 24,405 Switzerland of 1901 53,183 Austria Apr. 25, 19-12