US2725324A - Process for making wall covering - Google Patents

Process for making wall covering Download PDF

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Publication number
US2725324A
US2725324A US17796750A US2725324A US 2725324 A US2725324 A US 2725324A US 17796750 A US17796750 A US 17796750A US 2725324 A US2725324 A US 2725324A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cloth
paper
film
wall covering
adhesive
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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Inventor
Floyd A Holes
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Dobeckmun Co
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Dobeckmun Co
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Publication date
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Priority to US17796750 priority Critical patent/US2725324A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/02—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with cellulose derivatives
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
    • D06N7/0002—Wallpaper or wall covering on textile basis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10S156/918—Delaminating processes adapted for specified product, e.g. delaminating medical specimen slide
    • Y10S156/929—Delaminating component from building, e.g. wall paper, shingle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/11—Methods of delaminating, per se; i.e., separating at bonding face
    • Y10T156/1168—Gripping and pulling work apart during delaminating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31993—Of paper

Definitions

  • Claim. (Cl. 154-120) This invention relates to fabric printing in general, but relates specifically to the process of making a fabric wall covering.
  • My invention is embodied in the process of producing a decorative wall covering.
  • a backing sheet usually strong paper or any suitable sheet of dimensionally stable material, is used as a mount for cloth.
  • Cloth, or fabric is usually quite flimsy. It is dimensionally unstable. This dimensionally unstable material is removably bonded to the backing sheet, and thereby is held dimensionally stable by the backing sheet.
  • the laminated structure of flimsy material and backing sheet may then be printed to provide a pattern printed directly upon the cloth.
  • the printed cloth at this stage of my process, is not satisfactory for a wall covering. It is still flimsy and will stretch, and therefore the pattern of two strips cannot easily be matched when wetted and hung on a wall.
  • a film of flowable material which will harden into a flexible but dimensionally stable waterresistant film is used as a sizing on the cloth.
  • a film may be placed over the cloth and laminated thereto, such for example as by calenderizing on hot rolls with thermoplastic films. After the film is hard, the cloth is separated from the backing sheet. The cloth is now dimensionally stabilized by the film. The cloth will not stretch, and therefore the patterns of two strips will match when the covering is hung. Furthermore, the covering is water resistant.
  • Printed fabric wall coverings are usually considered to be superior to paper.
  • At least one large manufacturer of decorative wall covering materials first applies a water-resistant film to strips of cloth, and then prints on the coated cloth.
  • This cloth is dimensionally stable before printing.
  • This manufacturer has learned that unsupported cloth cannot be printed and then coated because the cloth will stretch and distort during coating, and has overcome this problem by first applying the film of water-resistant material, and thereafter printing on the coated cloth.
  • the printing is on the surface of the film, and not in the cloth. Therefore, when this wall covering is used around wash sinks, stoves, and similar places where excessive washing is necessary, the pattern soon washes away, leaving the unattractive base material exposed.
  • an object of this invention is to provide a decorative wall covering having a cloth base with the pattern printed into the cloth and covered with a film.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a decorative wall covering having a cloth base substantially stabilized dimensionally by a water resistant film, and having a decorative pattern under the film.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a temporary paper base member with a print cloth secured thereto and coated with a clear film;
  • Figure 2 is a section taken along line 2-2 of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a view like Figure 1 but'with the paper removed, therefore it is a view of the finished product.
  • Tough paper strips are flexible, yet strong and dimensionally stable.
  • the surface of the paper may be made adhesive by any one of several types of bonding agents. Common starch paste has been suggested. Water softening adhesives may be used. I have found an exceptionally satisfactory bonding agent which has the property of permitting the paper 10 and cloth 11 to be mechanically ripped apart without any preparation, and without damage to either the paper or cloth. Furthermore, it is desirable that no adhesive remain upon the wall covering after separation.
  • the adhesive which I have found most satisfactory for this purpose is nitrocellulose plasticized with castor oil and thinned with isopropyl acetate. This adhesive is applied preferably to the surface of the paper strip, rather than the cloth, and permitted to dry.
  • the cloth may be applied to the adhesive surface of the paper, and the adhesive nature of the nitrocellulose regenerated by heat.
  • the cloth will then adhere to the paper backing strip, and although the adhesive coating may be spotty, nevertheless the cloth will be held substantially dimensionally stable, yet will be flexible for rolling and printing. Printing may then be done in any suitable manner with standard equipment.
  • the adhesive being of extremely thin dimension, is not set forth in the drawing.
  • a coating or film surface 13 is applied to the cloth.
  • the coating or film surface serves the dual function of substantially stabilizing the cloth dimensionally, and of making the surface water resistant and washable.
  • the pattern in cloth 11 is indicated by reference character 12 in the drawing.
  • a desirable coating or film forming material may be composed of a vinyl resin, such, for example, as a copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride.
  • the material is plasticized and stabilized for proper handling.
  • Dioctyl phthalate is a desirable plasticizer, and barium ricinoleate and cadmium ricinoleate are desirable stabilizers. If desired this material may first be sheeted, and thereafter calendered to laminate it with the cloth.
  • the coating or film forming material will unite with the cloth, and inasmuch as the film is dimensionally stable, the cloth will be substantially stabilized. Further, the surface of the cloth will be washable, and the print will be united with the cloth under the film. The print is protected by the film.
  • the substantially stabilized wall covering is separated from the temporary paper backing.
  • the separation is done by mechanically pulling the sheets apart.
  • the adhesive has a stronger affinity for paper than for cloth, and therefore substan tially all the adhesive clings to the paper, thereby leaving the wall covering clean.
  • the process of producing 'a decorative fabric wall covering comprising the steps of, providing a backing sheet of paper, providing a dimensionally unstable fabric sheet, providing an adhesive composed of nitrocellulose plasticized with castor oil and thinned with isopropyl acetate, applying said adhesive to said paper and drying the adhesive, placing said fabric and paper together with the fabric against said adhesive, reactivating said adhesive to bond the fabric to said paper, thereafter printing a design on said fabric, then stabilizing the printed fabric dimensionally by applying a film forming resin copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl chlorideplasticized with dioctyl phthalate and stabilized with barium ricinoleate and cadmium ricinoleate, causing said film to harden, and finally stripping the fabric Wall covering from the paper backing.

Description

PROCESS FOR MAKING WALL COVERING Filed Aug. 5. 1950 FLOYD i a? RES 1 i '3 j BY M/m United States Patent PROCESS FOR MAKING WALL COVERING Floyd A. Holes, Solon, Ohio, asslgnor, by mesne assign- 'ments, to The Dobeckmun Company, a corporation of 'Ohio Application August 5, 1950, Serial No. 177,967
1 Claim. (Cl. 154-120) This invention relates to fabric printing in general, but relates specifically to the process of making a fabric wall covering.
My invention is embodied in the process of producing a decorative wall covering. In my process a backing sheet, usually strong paper or any suitable sheet of dimensionally stable material, is used as a mount for cloth. Cloth, or fabric, is usually quite flimsy. It is dimensionally unstable. This dimensionally unstable material is removably bonded to the backing sheet, and thereby is held dimensionally stable by the backing sheet. The laminated structure of flimsy material and backing sheet may then be printed to provide a pattern printed directly upon the cloth. The printed cloth, at this stage of my process, is not satisfactory for a wall covering. It is still flimsy and will stretch, and therefore the pattern of two strips cannot easily be matched when wetted and hung on a wall. After printing, a film of flowable material which will harden into a flexible but dimensionally stable waterresistant film is used as a sizing on the cloth. As an alternative, a film may be placed over the cloth and laminated thereto, such for example as by calenderizing on hot rolls with thermoplastic films. After the film is hard, the cloth is separated from the backing sheet. The cloth is now dimensionally stabilized by the film. The cloth will not stretch, and therefore the patterns of two strips will match when the covering is hung. Furthermore, the covering is water resistant.
Printed fabric wall coverings, particularly when made water resistant for washability, are usually considered to be superior to paper. However, there have been difliculties in the production and use of fabric wall coverings which have added to their cost and detracted from their usefulness. At least one large manufacturer of decorative wall covering materials first applies a water-resistant film to strips of cloth, and then prints on the coated cloth. This cloth is dimensionally stable before printing. This manufacturer has learned that unsupported cloth cannot be printed and then coated because the cloth will stretch and distort during coating, and has overcome this problem by first applying the film of water-resistant material, and thereafter printing on the coated cloth. The printing, however, is on the surface of the film, and not in the cloth. Therefore, when this wall covering is used around wash sinks, stoves, and similar places where excessive washing is necessary, the pattern soon washes away, leaving the unattractive base material exposed.
Therefore, an object of this invention is to provide a decorative wall covering having a cloth base with the pattern printed into the cloth and covered with a film.
Another object of the invention is to provide a decorative wall covering having a cloth base substantially stabilized dimensionally by a water resistant film, and having a decorative pattern under the film.
Other objects and a fuller understanding of the invention may be had by referring to the following description and claim, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
2,725,324 Patented Nov. 29, 19 55 Figure 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a temporary paper base member with a print cloth secured thereto and coated with a clear film;
Figure 2 is a section taken along line 2-2 of Figure 1; and
Figure 3 is a view like Figure 1 but'with the paper removed, therefore it is a view of the finished product.
Although permanent conveyor belts may be used as a dimensionally stable backing sheet to which a flimsy dimensionally flexible sheet of cloth 11 may be temporarily mounted, I prefer to use paper strips 10. Prepared paper strips may be stored for future use, and if necessary, even the strips 10 with cloth 11 bonded thereto may be stored for future use. Further, a permanent conveyor would have to be quite long for surface preparation and mounting of the cloth.
Tough paper strips are flexible, yet strong and dimensionally stable. The surface of the paper may be made adhesive by any one of several types of bonding agents. Common starch paste has been suggested. Water softening adhesives may be used. I have found an exceptionally satisfactory bonding agent which has the property of permitting the paper 10 and cloth 11 to be mechanically ripped apart without any preparation, and without damage to either the paper or cloth. Furthermore, it is desirable that no adhesive remain upon the wall covering after separation. The adhesive which I have found most satisfactory for this purpose is nitrocellulose plasticized with castor oil and thinned with isopropyl acetate. This adhesive is applied preferably to the surface of the paper strip, rather than the cloth, and permitted to dry. At any time thereafter, the cloth may be applied to the adhesive surface of the paper, and the adhesive nature of the nitrocellulose regenerated by heat. The cloth will then adhere to the paper backing strip, and although the adhesive coating may be spotty, nevertheless the cloth will be held substantially dimensionally stable, yet will be flexible for rolling and printing. Printing may then be done in any suitable manner with standard equipment. The adhesive, being of extremely thin dimension, is not set forth in the drawing.
After the mounted cloth has been printed, a coating or film surface 13 is applied to the cloth. The coating or film surface serves the dual function of substantially stabilizing the cloth dimensionally, and of making the surface water resistant and washable. The pattern in cloth 11 is indicated by reference character 12 in the drawing.
I have found that a desirable coating or film forming material may be composed of a vinyl resin, such, for example, as a copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride. The material is plasticized and stabilized for proper handling. Dioctyl phthalate is a desirable plasticizer, and barium ricinoleate and cadmium ricinoleate are desirable stabilizers. If desired this material may first be sheeted, and thereafter calendered to laminate it with the cloth.
The coating or film forming material will unite with the cloth, and inasmuch as the film is dimensionally stable, the cloth will be substantially stabilized. Further, the surface of the cloth will be washable, and the print will be united with the cloth under the film. The print is protected by the film.
After printing followed by coating or film stabilizing, the substantially stabilized wall covering is separated from the temporary paper backing. With an adhesive of the type used as an illustration, the separation is done by mechanically pulling the sheets apart. Also with this preferred type of adhesive, the adhesive has a stronger affinity for paper than for cloth, and therefore substan tially all the adhesive clings to the paper, thereby leaving the wall covering clean.
ferred form with a certain degree of particularity; it is understood that the present disclosure of the preferred form has been made only by way of example and that numerousichanges in the details of construction and the combination and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing frornthe spirit and the scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.
What is claimed is: I I
The process of producing 'a decorative fabric wall covering, comprising the steps of, providing a backing sheet of paper, providing a dimensionally unstable fabric sheet, providing an adhesive composed of nitrocellulose plasticized with castor oil and thinned with isopropyl acetate, applying said adhesive to said paper and drying the adhesive, placing said fabric and paper together with the fabric against said adhesive, reactivating said adhesive to bond the fabric to said paper, thereafter printing a design on said fabric, then stabilizing the printed fabric dimensionally by applying a film forming resin copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl chlorideplasticized with dioctyl phthalate and stabilized with barium ricinoleate and cadmium ricinoleate, causing said film to harden, and finally stripping the fabric Wall covering from the paper backing.
References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 333,881 Mencke Jan. 5, 1,690,179 Sadtler Nov. 6, 1928 1,951,620 MacLaurin- Mar. 20,, 1934 1,973,403 Borden Sept. 11, 1934 1,974,883 Swift Sept. 25, 1934 1,986,954 Abrams et a1. Jan. 8, 1935 1,998,638 Reese Apr. 23, 1935 2,029,377 Kaplan Feb. 4, 1936 2,556,078 Francis June 5, 1951
US17796750 1950-08-05 1950-08-05 Process for making wall covering Expired - Lifetime US2725324A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3089801A (en) * 1957-05-27 1963-05-14 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Ultra-thin glass sheet
US3157303A (en) * 1963-04-15 1964-11-17 Siegel Harry Nursing bottle holder
US3212949A (en) * 1961-06-08 1965-10-19 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Identification medium
DE1212935B (en) * 1960-03-04 1966-03-24 Dr Wilhelm Wehr Process for the production of a wall covering made of waterproof material with an adhesive layer applied to one side
US3260657A (en) * 1959-06-02 1966-07-12 Chemical Products Corp Method of making electrotype plate using removable polyvinyl alcohol film
US3312585A (en) * 1962-08-01 1967-04-04 Nat Gypsum Co Wallboard for backing wall tile blocks

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US333881A (en) * 1886-01-05 Feedeeick mencke
US1690179A (en) * 1926-07-09 1928-11-06 Helena S Sadtler Decoration for ornamenting fibrous and similar surfaces and method of making and applying the same
US1951620A (en) * 1931-09-21 1934-03-20 Maclaurin John Decalcomania paper
US1973403A (en) * 1933-10-07 1934-09-11 Edwin A Borden Decalcomania and method of making
US1974883A (en) * 1933-06-29 1934-09-25 Swift & Sons Inc M Manufacture of gold leaf carrier
US1986954A (en) * 1933-04-06 1935-01-08 Marathon Paper Mills Co Laminated sheet material
US1998638A (en) * 1932-04-27 1935-04-23 Thomas S Reese Method of transfer decorating
US2029377A (en) * 1934-10-10 1936-02-04 Benjamin J Kaplan Decorative patent leather and method of making the same
US2556078A (en) * 1945-05-18 1951-06-05 American Viscose Corp Transfer and method of coating therewith

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US333881A (en) * 1886-01-05 Feedeeick mencke
US1690179A (en) * 1926-07-09 1928-11-06 Helena S Sadtler Decoration for ornamenting fibrous and similar surfaces and method of making and applying the same
US1951620A (en) * 1931-09-21 1934-03-20 Maclaurin John Decalcomania paper
US1998638A (en) * 1932-04-27 1935-04-23 Thomas S Reese Method of transfer decorating
US1986954A (en) * 1933-04-06 1935-01-08 Marathon Paper Mills Co Laminated sheet material
US1974883A (en) * 1933-06-29 1934-09-25 Swift & Sons Inc M Manufacture of gold leaf carrier
US1973403A (en) * 1933-10-07 1934-09-11 Edwin A Borden Decalcomania and method of making
US2029377A (en) * 1934-10-10 1936-02-04 Benjamin J Kaplan Decorative patent leather and method of making the same
US2556078A (en) * 1945-05-18 1951-06-05 American Viscose Corp Transfer and method of coating therewith

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3089801A (en) * 1957-05-27 1963-05-14 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Ultra-thin glass sheet
US3260657A (en) * 1959-06-02 1966-07-12 Chemical Products Corp Method of making electrotype plate using removable polyvinyl alcohol film
DE1212935B (en) * 1960-03-04 1966-03-24 Dr Wilhelm Wehr Process for the production of a wall covering made of waterproof material with an adhesive layer applied to one side
US3212949A (en) * 1961-06-08 1965-10-19 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Identification medium
US3312585A (en) * 1962-08-01 1967-04-04 Nat Gypsum Co Wallboard for backing wall tile blocks
US3157303A (en) * 1963-04-15 1964-11-17 Siegel Harry Nursing bottle holder

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