US272085A - Jacob reese - Google Patents
Jacob reese Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US272085A US272085A US272085DA US272085A US 272085 A US272085 A US 272085A US 272085D A US272085D A US 272085DA US 272085 A US272085 A US 272085A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- basic
- converter
- slag
- phosphorus
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 66
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 66
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 22
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 10
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 10
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009618 Bessemer process Methods 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron(III) oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000414 obstructive Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 ores Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/02—Making special pig-iron, e.g. by applying additives, e.g. oxides of other metals
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
Description
.zation of the metal.
may be formed.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
JACOB REESE, OF PITTSBUBG, PENNSYLVANIA.
BASlC PROCESS FOR THE DEPHOSPHORIZATION OF IRON AND STEEL.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 272,085, dated February 13, 1883, Application filed July 16, 1880. (No specimens.)
To ally whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, JACOB REESE, a citizen ,of the United States, residing at Pittsburg, in
the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented an Improvement in the Basic Process for the Dephosphorization of Iron and Steel; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof. I l
' The object of'my invention is to secure the most favorable conditions for dephosphorization in the basic process.
For the manufacture of ingot iron and steel by the ordinary Bessemer process, metal was required which contained not more than onetenth of one per cent. of phosphorus, and not less than two per cent. of silicon and two per cent. of carbon. The metal was blown in a silicious-lined vessel, and the acid-formed by the oxidation of the silicon inithe metal and by the wearing down of the lining passed into and imparted a highly-acid character to the slag, effectually preventing dephosphori- Phosphorus cannot be readily'or rapidly eliminated in the presence .of any considerable quantity of an acid substance, and therefore in dephosphorizin g operations it is necessary that the metal should be treated with large quantities of basic material to take up and neutralize the acid which In the new basic process the metal is blown while in a basic-lined vessel and in the presence of a basic bat-h produced by basic additions or injections. In this operation dephosphorization doesnot take place to any considerable extent until after decarburization and desiliconization have been effected, and an after-blow is therefore necessary; but as the metal at this period contains but little caloric-producin g substance, and as large quantities of basic materials are used, in some cases the converter is apt to chill and the slag is liable to form accretions at and partially choke up the neck and mouth of the converter. Therefore it will be readily understood that it would be an advantage to develop more heat during the afLer-blow,and to reduce thefamount of basic material employed for the bath, if such changes could be efl'ected. Large quantities of lime are used in the formation of the basic slag used in the process, the
amount varying-from ten t9 twenty-five per cent. of the weight of the metal, according to the manner of introducing the lime and accordingto the amount of sillcon'and phophorus present in the metal. After the metal has been dephosphorized the slag is emptied from the converter and becomes a waste product of the process. This waste involves great loss, as it is evident that the cost of the lime, its storage, and handlingis a source of considerable expense. It is estimaterhwhen the basic process is in regular and continuous operation, a waste of from ten to twenty thousand tons of lime per annum will occur at asingle works.
Now, the object of my present invention is, first, to shorten the time of the first period of the blow by producing and blowing a pig metal low in silicon and high in phosphorus, so that a greater amount of calorific-producing material may be carried over to and utilized in the after-blow to prevent chilling and the formation of obstructions in'theconvertcr;-
secondly, to reduce the amount of basic" material employed, which may be done, as the metal produced and blown will contain but duction of a highly-phosphoretic non-silicious pig metal, will vary according'to the amount of the various'impurities which have been in the bath of metal-operated upon but the following analysis will indicate the components of any ordinary'waste slag from the converter when operating by the basic processrlime, 50.21; oxide of manganese, 4.40; silicic acid, 11.10; .phosphoric acid, 12.43; magnetic oxide of iron, @930 11.25 magnesia, 9.84; and sulphateof calcium, 1.l5,\giving atotal of 100.38. I find that the large amount of lime and magnesia oxide present renders thevslag very valuable as a flux in the blast-furnace, and that the iron, manganese, and phosphorus will be taken up in the metal.
ICO
In the manufacture of the phosphoretic pig metal low in silicon I make use of the ordinary blast-furnace and conduct the smelting operation in the usual way, but do not select ores or stock low in phosphorus, taking care, however, that they are lowin silica. An analysis of the fuel, ores, and limestone is taken, and in charging the furnace a sufficient quantity of the waste basic slag from the converter or open hearth isadded to produce a metal having the required degree of phosphorus.
In conducting the smelting operation the amount of limestone in the charge may be decreased to a considerable extent on account of the large proportion of lime contained in the basic slag; but it is advisable that the total amount oflime in the furnace should be sufficient to thoroughly flux the materials and carry off the silica. It is preferable in general to regulate the charges to produce a metal having about two per cent. of phosphorus, which will develop sufficient heat during the overblow for ordinary treatment; but in certain cases where the metal will blow cold phosphoretic metal containing from two and onehalf to five per cent. of' phosphorus should be produced, so that when treated in the converter an additional amount of caloric may be developed during the after-blow to Keep up the temperature and-fluidity of the metal. After the pig metal has been produced it may be taken direct to the calcareous-lined Hesse-- mer converter or open-hearth furnace; or it may be cast into pigs, remelted in a cupola, and run into the furnace or converter. The
metal is then treated with a blast of air and with calcareous additions, or with calcareousinjections, as described by me in Letters Patent No. 219,519, dated September 9, 1879, and it will be found the first stage of the process is shortened, as there is but little silicon in the metal and the carbon is consumed rapidly, and that sufficient caloric is developed by the oxidation of the phosphorus during the overblow to retain the temperature and fluidity of the metal, with but little, if any, oxidation of the iron.
The advantages ofmy invention are, first, a decreased amount of silicic acid is produced in the converter, and therefore a greater durability of the calcareous lining is insured secondly, a large amount of caloric is developed duringthe overblow and the oxidation of the metal largely prevented; thirdly, the operation ot'dephosphorizingis rendered more rapid, regular, and eificient, thereby increasing the capacity of the plant and improving the quality of the product fourthly, the utilization of the lime, phosphorus, manganese, and iron in the waste basic slags for the production of hi ghly-phosphoretic pig metal low in silicon and, fifthly, by dephosphorizing a highly-phosphoretic non-silicious metal a highly-phosphoretic non-silicious slag is produced in the converter, especially adapted to produce such a grade of metal in the blast-furnace.
Having described myinvention, whatIclaim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is
1. As an improvement in the basic process for the dephosphorization ofiron and steel, the process herein set forth, which consists in charging the blast-furnace with fuel, iron ores, and limestone, together with sufficient quantities of the phosphoretic slag from the Bessemer converter or open-hearth furnace to produce a highly-phosphoretic metal low in silicon, and then heating the metal so produced in a calareous-lined vessel and in the presence ofa highly-basic calcareous bath, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.
2. The method for securing the conditions for efficient dephosphorization of the metal by the basic process, which consists in smelting iron ores and limestone low in silica, together with a suflicient quantity or quantities of basic slag from the converter or open hearth in the blast-furnace, whereby a highly-phosphoretic metal low in silicon is produced, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
3. The method herein described of utilizing slag from the basic process, and of obtaining a metal high in phosphorus for use in the basic process, the same consisting in the addition of phosphoretic slag from the basic process to the blast-furnace charge, in lieu of a portion of the limestone commonly employed, substantially as specified.
JACOB REESE.
Witnesses:
FRANK M. REESE, ALEX. MOFARLAND.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US272085A true US272085A (en) | 1883-02-13 |
Family
ID=2341318
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US272085D Expired - Lifetime US272085A (en) | Jacob reese |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US272085A (en) |
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- US US272085D patent/US272085A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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