US2715765A - Hot working vanadium - Google Patents

Hot working vanadium Download PDF

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Publication number
US2715765A
US2715765A US302987A US30298752A US2715765A US 2715765 A US2715765 A US 2715765A US 302987 A US302987 A US 302987A US 30298752 A US30298752 A US 30298752A US 2715765 A US2715765 A US 2715765A
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United States
Prior art keywords
metal
flux
vanadium
working
wrought
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Expired - Lifetime
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US302987A
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Charles M Brown
Arthur E Shrubsall
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Union Carbide Corp
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Union Carbide and Carbon Corp
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Priority to US302987A priority Critical patent/US2715765A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/20—Obtaining niobium, tantalum or vanadium
    • C22B34/22—Obtaining vanadium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4981—Utilizing transitory attached element or associated separate material
    • Y10T29/49812—Temporary protective coating, impregnation, or cast layer

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the hot working of metallic vanadium and vanadium-base alloys and has for its principal object a method of hot Working such material while protecting it from oxidation.
  • the invention is a method of working metallic vanadium and vanadium-base alloys while the metal is protected by a suitable flux which prevents oxidation of the metal and dissolves what oxides are produced.
  • the flux used in the method of the invention is a mixture of the oxides of sodium, boron and silicon and may contain a relatively small proportion of oxide of titanium. More specifically, a satisfactory range of flux compositions is: 5% to 30% sodium oxide (NazO); 30% to 80% boron oxide (B203); to 40% silica (SiOz) and up to 2.5 titania (TiOz). Specific examples of flux compositions which have been used successfully are tabulated below:
  • a molten flux is applied to the metal to be wrought, and the metal is brought to working temperatures while protected by the molten flux coating.
  • the metal is then worked in conventional manner but always is protected by a relatively thin but tenaciously adhering coating of molten flux.
  • the working operation is conducted in the temperature range of 600 C. to 1200 C., and after the desired degree of Working has been accomplished, the wrought metal, still protected by the flux coating, is cooled to room temperature. During cooling the flux solidifies. It is easily removed after solidification, for example by sandblasting.
  • a convenient way of applying the flux coating to metal to be wrought, assuring complete protection of the metal is to prepare a molten bath of flux. The metal is then immersed in such bath and heated to working, temperature while it is in the bath. When the metal is at the desired temperature, it is removed but a thin, uniform layer of flux adheres to it.
  • the flux compositions described above have a melting point in the range 600 C. to 1200 C. and remain quite viscous at such temperature permitting a wide range of working temperatures.
  • the molten flux dissolves whatever vanadium oxide is formed and by spreading uniformly over the metal and adhering well to it prevents direct oxidation of the metal by the surrounding atmosphere. It also serves to lubricate the metal during the Working operation, promotes the formation of good surfaces on the wrought metal, and protects the working equipment from accumulation of vanadium oxide.
  • the improvement which comprises applying a molten flux coating to the metal to be wrought, such flux comprising a mixture of the oxides of sodium, boron, and silicon and having a melting point in the range of 600 C. to 1200 C., working such metal in the range 600 C. to 1200 C. while it is coated with such flux, cooling the metal so wrought, and removing the flux coating therefrom.
  • a molten flux coating comprising a mixture of the oxides of sodium, boron, and silicon and having a melting point in the range of 600 C. to 1200 C.
  • the improvement which comprises applying a coating of molten flux to the metal to be wrought; such flux containing 5 to 30% oxide of sodium, calculated as NazO; 30% to oxide of boron, calculated as B203; 10% to 40% silica; and up to 2.5% oxide of titanium, calculated as TiOz; hot working such metal while it is coated with such flux; cooling the flux-coated, hot-Worked metal; and removing the flux coating therefrom.
  • the improvement which comprises preparing a molten bath of flux consisting of 5% to 30% sodium oxide (NazO); 30% to 80% oxide of boron (B203); 10% to 40% silica; and up to 2.5% oxide of titanium (TiOz); immersing the metal to be Wrought in such bath; heating such metal to working temperature in such bath; removing the metal from the bath and working it in the temperature range 600 C. to 1200 C. while it is protected with a coating of such flux; cooling the wrought metal while still coated with flux whereby said flux coating solidifies on said metal; and then removing said flux coating.
  • flux consisting of 5% to 30% sodium oxide (NazO); 30% to 80% oxide of boron (B203); 10% to 40% silica; and up to 2.5% oxide of titanium (TiOz)
  • the improvement which comprises immersing the metal to be wrought in a molten bath of flux consisting substantially of 5% sodium oxide (NazO); 80% oxide of boron calculated as B203; and 15% silica; heating said metal to working temperature in said bath; removing the metal from the bath and working it in the temperature range 600 C. to 1200 C. while it is protected with a coating of said flux; cooling the wrought metal while still coated with flux, whereby said flux coating solidifies on said metal; and then removing said flux coating.
  • flux consisting substantially of 5% sodium oxide (NazO); 80% oxide of boron calculated as B203; and 15% silica

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)

Description

United States Patent 2,715,765 HOT WORKING VANADIUM Charles M. Brown, Lev-vision, and Arthur E. Shrubsall,
Niagara Falls, N. Y., assignors to Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation, a corporation of New York No Drawing. Application August 6, 1952, Seriai No. 302,987 Claims. (Ci. 29-424) This invention relates to the hot working of metallic vanadium and vanadium-base alloys and has for its principal object a method of hot Working such material while protecting it from oxidation.
Metallic vanadium readily oxidizes if heated in air to temperatures upwards of 500 C. This property of the metal renders it dificult to hot-work. Rather large quantities of vanadium oxide are formed resulting in losses of vanadium, poor surfaces on the wrought material and the accumulation of oxides on the equipment which must be removed before the equipment can be used for working other metals.
These difiiculties are overcome by the invention which is a method of working metallic vanadium and vanadium-base alloys while the metal is protected by a suitable flux which prevents oxidation of the metal and dissolves what oxides are produced. The flux used in the method of the invention is a mixture of the oxides of sodium, boron and silicon and may contain a relatively small proportion of oxide of titanium. More specifically, a satisfactory range of flux compositions is: 5% to 30% sodium oxide (NazO); 30% to 80% boron oxide (B203); to 40% silica (SiOz) and up to 2.5 titania (TiOz). Specific examples of flux compositions which have been used successfully are tabulated below:
Percent Composition Flux B203 SiOz TiO:
In the method of the invention a molten flux is applied to the metal to be wrought, and the metal is brought to working temperatures while protected by the molten flux coating. The metal is then worked in conventional manner but always is protected by a relatively thin but tenaciously adhering coating of molten flux. The working operation is conducted in the temperature range of 600 C. to 1200 C., and after the desired degree of Working has been accomplished, the wrought metal, still protected by the flux coating, is cooled to room temperature. During cooling the flux solidifies. It is easily removed after solidification, for example by sandblasting.
A convenient way of applying the flux coating to metal to be wrought, assuring complete protection of the metal is to prepare a molten bath of flux. The metal is then immersed in such bath and heated to working, temperature while it is in the bath. When the metal is at the desired temperature, it is removed but a thin, uniform layer of flux adheres to it.
The flux compositions described above have a melting point in the range 600 C. to 1200 C. and remain quite viscous at such temperature permitting a wide range of working temperatures. The molten flux dissolves whatever vanadium oxide is formed and by spreading uniformly over the metal and adhering well to it prevents direct oxidation of the metal by the surrounding atmosphere. It also serves to lubricate the metal during the Working operation, promotes the formation of good surfaces on the wrought metal, and protects the working equipment from accumulation of vanadium oxide.
2,715,765 Patented Aug. 23, 1955 It will be noted that in the method of the invention the metal is protected by flux at all times during heating, working and cooling operations. The method thus makes possible the working of metallic vanadium and vanadiumbase alloys without encountering loss of metal, poor surfaces and damage to equipment caused by the pro duction of vanadium oxides.
What is claimed is:
1. In the hot working of metallic vanadium and vanadium-base alloys the improvement which comprises applying a molten flux coating to the metal to be wrought, such flux comprising a mixture of the oxides of sodium, boron, and silicon and having a melting point in the range of 600 C. to 1200 C., working such metal in the range 600 C. to 1200 C. while it is coated with such flux, cooling the metal so wrought, and removing the flux coating therefrom.
2. in the hot working of metallic vanadium and vanadium-base alloys the improvement which comprises applying a coating of molten flux to the metal to be wrought; such flux containing 5 to 30% oxide of sodium, calculated as NazO; 30% to oxide of boron, calculated as B203; 10% to 40% silica; and up to 2.5% oxide of titanium, calculated as TiOz; hot working such metal while it is coated with such flux; cooling the flux-coated, hot-Worked metal; and removing the flux coating therefrom.
3. In the hot working of vanadium and vanadium-base alloys the improvement which comprises preparing a molten bath of flux consisting of 5% to 30% sodium oxide (NazO); 30% to 80% oxide of boron (B203); 10% to 40% silica; and up to 2.5% oxide of titanium (TiOz); immersing the metal to be Wrought in such bath; heating such metal to working temperature in such bath; removing the metal from the bath and working it in the temperature range 600 C. to 1200 C. while it is protected with a coating of such flux; cooling the wrought metal while still coated with flux whereby said flux coating solidifies on said metal; and then removing said flux coating.
4. In the hot working of vanadium and vanadiumbase alloys the improvement which comprises immersing the metal to be wrought in a molten bath of flux consisting substantially of 30% sodium oxide (NazO); 60% oxide of boron calculated as B203; and 10% silica; heating said metal to working temperature in said bath; removing the metal from the bath and working it in the temperature range 600 C. to 1200 C. While it is protected with a coating of said flux; cooling the wrought metal while still coated with flux, whereby said flux coating solidifies on said metal; and then removing said flux coating.
5. In the hot working of vanadium and vanadium-base alloys the improvement which comprises immersing the metal to be wrought in a molten bath of flux consisting substantially of 5% sodium oxide (NazO); 80% oxide of boron calculated as B203; and 15% silica; heating said metal to working temperature in said bath; removing the metal from the bath and working it in the temperature range 600 C. to 1200 C. while it is protected with a coating of said flux; cooling the wrought metal while still coated with flux, whereby said flux coating solidifies on said metal; and then removing said flux coating.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 392,468 Sparger NOV. 6, 1888 2,040,283 Swartz May 12, 1936 2,053,408 Pfanstiehl Sept. 8, 1936 2,172,533 Freeman Sept. 12, 1939 2,400,866 Kronwall May 21, 1946 2,570,748 Bain et al. Oct. 9, 1951

Claims (1)

1. IN THE HOT WORKING OF METALLIC VANADIUM AND VANADIUM-BASE ALLOYS THE IMPROVEMENT WHICH COMPRISES APPLYING A MOLTEN FLUX COATING TO THE METAL TO BE WROUGHT, SUCH FLUX COMPRISING A MIXTURE OF THE OXIDES OF SODIUM, BORON, AND SILICON AND HAVING A MELTING POINT IN THE RANGE OF 600* C. TO 1200* C., WORKING SUCH METAL IN THE RANGE 600* C. TO 1200* C. WHILE IT IS COATED WITH SUCH FLUX, COOLING THE METAL SO WROUGHT, AND REMOVING THE FLUX COATING THEREFROM.
US302987A 1952-08-06 1952-08-06 Hot working vanadium Expired - Lifetime US2715765A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3110399A (en) * 1958-06-20 1963-11-12 Cie De St Gobain Working of titaniferous metals
US3140779A (en) * 1962-08-06 1964-07-14 Corning Glass Works Metal working method and lubricant
US3181324A (en) * 1963-02-28 1965-05-04 Johns Manville Lubricant pad for extruding hot metals
US3202588A (en) * 1961-08-30 1965-08-24 Howard A Fromson Method of making decorative metal sheet
US3258947A (en) * 1963-12-19 1966-07-05 Schloemann Ag Processes for protecting products and tools during physical deformation of heavy metals and products so produced

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US392468A (en) * 1888-11-06 Process of reducing or drawing out steel ingots
US2040283A (en) * 1934-04-14 1936-05-12 American Smelting Refining Flux for cadmium and its alloys and method for regenerating same
US2053408A (en) * 1934-12-22 1936-09-08 Pfanstiehl Chemical Company Coating metals
US2172533A (en) * 1939-09-12 Material amd process of using the
US2400866A (en) * 1941-11-08 1946-05-21 United Drill And Tool Corp Method of drawing metal stock
US2570748A (en) * 1945-07-09 1951-10-09 Armco Steel Corp Wire drawing apparatus

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US392468A (en) * 1888-11-06 Process of reducing or drawing out steel ingots
US2172533A (en) * 1939-09-12 Material amd process of using the
US2040283A (en) * 1934-04-14 1936-05-12 American Smelting Refining Flux for cadmium and its alloys and method for regenerating same
US2053408A (en) * 1934-12-22 1936-09-08 Pfanstiehl Chemical Company Coating metals
US2400866A (en) * 1941-11-08 1946-05-21 United Drill And Tool Corp Method of drawing metal stock
US2570748A (en) * 1945-07-09 1951-10-09 Armco Steel Corp Wire drawing apparatus

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3110399A (en) * 1958-06-20 1963-11-12 Cie De St Gobain Working of titaniferous metals
US3202588A (en) * 1961-08-30 1965-08-24 Howard A Fromson Method of making decorative metal sheet
US3140779A (en) * 1962-08-06 1964-07-14 Corning Glass Works Metal working method and lubricant
US3181324A (en) * 1963-02-28 1965-05-04 Johns Manville Lubricant pad for extruding hot metals
US3258947A (en) * 1963-12-19 1966-07-05 Schloemann Ag Processes for protecting products and tools during physical deformation of heavy metals and products so produced

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