US2714764A

US2714764A - Dentures

Info

Publication number: US2714764A
Application number: US430128A
Authority: US
Inventors: Mandelbaum Moses Joseph
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1954-05-17
Filing date: 1954-05-17
Publication date: 1955-08-09
Anticipated expiration: 1972-08-09

Description

Aug. 9, 1955 M. J. MANDELBAUM 2,714,764

DENTURES Filed May 17, 1954 ATTORNEY United States Patent DENTURES Moses Joseph Mandelbaum, New York, N. Y.

Application May 17, 1954, Serial No. 430,128

7 Claims. (Cl. 32-2) This invention relates to improvements in dental plates or dentures and their attachment and retention in the jaw bones so there will be no displacement or sidewise slippage during eating, chewing, biting, swallowing, talking, singing or smoking.

The methods and means heretofore employed for attaching and holding the dentures in desired and proper position in the mouth are unsatisfactory from many standpoints. Many of these means rely upon suction for holding the dentures in place, but these expedients are unreliable and also very uncomfortable to the user. Other means for attaching and holding the dentures against displacement require considerable surgical treatment of the patient that is painful, uncomfortable and often unbearable, and the dentures are also fixed substantially permanent to the jaw bones by threaded members and other implants that do not admit of ready detachment and removal from the mouth for washing, cleaning or other treatment.

Among the objects of this invention is the provision of means for attaching and supporting dentures in the mouth whereby the foregoing objections are overcome.

More specifically, it is an object of this invention to provide a novel and simple means of attaching dentures to the upper and lower jaw bones whereby the dentures are held firmly in position and will not undergo accidental displacement, but will permit simple and ready detachment from the jaw bones and removal from the mouth at the will of the user.

A further object of this invention is the provision of means whereby the preliminary surgical treatment required for accommodation of the dentures is reduced to but a small fraction of that required by present methods and means, with corresponding reduction in the time required for the surgery and subsequent healing of the mouth.

A still further and important object of this invention is the added feature that the dentures are releasably held in place and, when the dentures are withdrawn from the mouth, there are no residual plants, fixtures or other buried attachments left in the jawbones.

Other, further and more specific objects of this invention will become readily apparent to persons skilled in the art from a consideration of the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing wherein:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a denture attached to a lower jaw bone of a person, said construction illustrating a specific embodiment of this invention.

Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the construction shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a section along line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the denture shown in Figs. 1 to 3 and detached from the jaw bone. 1

Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the lower jaw bone shown in Figs. 1 to 3.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged section through the lower jaw bone along line 6 -6 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged view showing a posterior end .of the denture shown in Figs. 1 to 4.

2,714,764 Patented Aug. 9, 1955 Fig. 8 is an enlarged perspective view showing the releasable pin or stud holding the denture: in place when it is attached to the jaw bone.

Fig. 9 is a side elevation of a denture attached to an upper jaw bone of a person.

The lower denture consisting of the tooth carrier 2 and teeth 4 is shaped to fit closely over the gum 6 of the lower jaw bone 8, which has the recessed portions 10 at the angular junctures of the anterior borders 12 of the rami 14 with the upper surface 16 of the body 18 of the lower jaw bone. Each posterior end of the lower denture has a groove 20 that is fitted to rest in and snugly engage the corresponding recessed portion 10 of the lower jaw bone. This lower denture is also provided with one or more bores 22, substantially spaced from the posterior ends. As will be seen in Figs. 3 and 8, each bore 22 is in registry with and extends from a socket or cavity 24 in the jaw bone 8. The cavity 24 is preferably of substantially uniform cross-section and has downward and forward inclination not exceeding to the front face of the jaw bone. A closely fitting, releasable stud or pin 26 is disposed in the bore 22 and extends into the cavity 24. The pin 26 has a head 28 that is adapted to rest and fit in a recess 30 in the tooth carrier 2 adjacent to the bore 22, so that the face of the head 28 will be practically flush with the outer surface of the denture.

The recessed portions 10 and the cavities or sockets 24 in the jaw bones become covered by the gums when the mouth is allowed to heal after the dental treatment known to the art following the formation of the recesses and sockets in the jaw bone.

When the denture is in use, the posterior ends thereof are held in place by the walls of the correlative grooves 20, and the closely fitting stud or pin 26 prevents or arrests upward or sidewise movement, slippage or other displacement of the denture when eating, chewing, biting, swallowing, talking, singing or smoking. To remove the denture, the stud 26 is extracted by merely easing it out of the bore 22 and socket 24, whereupon the denture may be readily taken from the jaw bone and the mouth.

Ordinarily, a single stud or pin through the front of the denture and projecting into the adjacent cavity in the front of the jaw bone is sufiicient to hold the denture properly in place. However, depending on the contour and condition of the jaw bone structure and front angle of the jaw bone, two or more studs or pins may be advantageously used for a denture.

It will readily be seen that the foregoing method and means of attaching and anchoring dentures to the jaw bones require only partial drilling of a cavity in the jaw bone and not completely therethrough, as practiced heretofore. There is no need for drains, owing to the simple releasable feature of the connection.

The studs or pins 26, acting as non-permanent implants, may be made of inert material such as pure metals, alloys, latex or other compositions of rubber, plastics including nylon, polyethylene, etc., wood, glass, ceramics, etc. The pins or studs must be resistant to saliva and other secretions of the mouth, to the pathologi cal secretions of the nose, nasal sinuses, pharynx or lower respiratory passages, to the irritating action of foods, drinks, dentifrices, mouth washes, smokes, etc. The exposed face of stud or pin head should be non-irritating to the mucous membrane of the inner surfaces of the jaws and lips of the month. There is a little clearance between the head 28 of the pin 26 and the recess 3% at the anterior surface of the tooth carrier 2, to facilitate withdrawal of pin 26 preliminary to removal of the denture.

A reinforcing disc 32 is fixed in the denture, preferably as a facing in the posterior surface of the denture, and has a bore in registry with each bore 22. The fac ing 32 bears against the gum of the jaw bone 8 when the denture is worn. If desired, a separate facing 32 may be provided for. each bore 22 of the denture, instead of using a continuous disc or strip of reinforcing material with 2 or more bores for the corresponding bores in the denture. The reinforcing disc or strip. 32 is preferably made of metal such as tatalum, vitalium or ticonium. This reinforcement serves to prevent enlargement of the bores'22 in the denture and protects the jaw bone as well'as the denture from damage by the insertion and removal of the stud or pin 26. i

As will be readily understood by persons skilled in the art, the metal reinforcement may be between the anterior and the posterior surfaces ofthe denture instead of as a facing as shown in enlarged Fig. 8, where the facing is flush with the posterior surface of the denture.

In Fig, 9, the upper denture 34 is held to the upper jaw bone 36 by a pin or stud 38% in the case of the lower denture. However, the posterior ends of the upper denture are held to the upper jaw bone by hooks40 extending from the upper denture and inserted in the groove 42 in theupperjaw bone 36.

The present invention is not limited to the specific details set forth in the foregoing examples which should be construed as illustrativeand not by way of limitation and, in view of the numerous modifications which may be effected therein without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention, it is desired that only such limitations be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a dental plate, a tooth carrier shaped to conform g with and fit closely on the gum of the lower jaw bone, said carrier having its posterior ends formed to rest in and snugly engage substantially horizontal recesses at the angular junctures of the anterior borders of the rami with the upper surface of the body of the jaw bone and be held against vertical movement in said recesses when fitted over the jaw bone, a bore through said tooth carrier sub stantially spaced from said posterior ends, said bore being disposed to register with and extend from a cavity of substantially uniform cross-section in the jaw bone in registry with said bore when said tooth carrier is fitted on the jaw bone, said jaw bone cavity having downward and forward inclination not exceeding 90 to the front face of the jaw bone, and a releasable, closely fitting pin through said bore and extending into said cavity of the jaw bone for preventing and arresting vertical and sidewise displacement of the anterior of the tooth carrier when fitted on the jaw bone, a head on said pin and a recess in said tooth carrier adjacent to said bore to receive the head of the pin so that the surface of said head 'will be substantially flush with the front of the tooth carrier 2. In a dental plate,' a tooth carrier shaped to conform with and fit closely on the gum of the upper jaw bone, said carrier having at each posterior end a hook to'jrest in and snugly engage a substantially horizontal recess in the jawbone and be held against vertical movement in said recess when fitted over the jaw bone, a bore through said tooth carrier substantially spaced from said posterior ends, said bore being disposed to register with and extend from a cavity of substantially uniform cross-sectionin the jaw bone in registry with said bore when said tooth carrier is fitted on the jaw bone, and a releasable, closely fitting pin through said bore and extending into said cavity of the jaw bone for preventing and arresting vertical and sidewise displacement of the anterior of the tooth carrier when fitted on the jaw bone, a head on said pin anda recess in said tooth carrier adjacent to said bore to receive the headof the pin so that the surface of said head will be substantially flush with the front of the tooth carrier.

3. In a dental plate, a tooth carrier shapedtoconform with and fit on the gum of the upper jaw bone, said carrier having at each posterior end a hook to rest in and engagea recess in the jaw bone and be held against vertical movement in said recess when fitted'over the jaw bone, a bore through said tooth carrier substantially spaced from said posterior ends, said bore being disposed to extend from a cavity in the jaw bone when said tooth carrier is fitted on the jaw bone, and a releasable pin through said bore and extending into said cavity of the jaw bone for preventing and arresting Vertical and sidewise displacement of the anterior of the tooth carrier when fitted on the jaw bone. 7

4. In a dental plate, a tooth carrier shaped to conform with and fit CLQSJQ Y on the gum of a jaw bone, said carrier having at each of the posterior ends means for resting in and engagin'g' substantially horizontal recessed portions of the jaw bone and be held against vertical movement in said recessed portions when fitted over the jaw bone, a bore through said tooth carrier substantially spaced from said posterior ends, said bore being disposed to register with and extend from a cavity of substantially uniform cross-section in the jaw bone in registry with said bore when said tooth carrier is fitted on the jaw bone, said jawbone cavity having downward and forward inclination not exceeding 90 to the front face of the jaw bone, and a removable, closely fitting pin through said bore and extending into the cavity of the jaw bone for preventing vertical and sidewise displacement of the anterior of the tooth carrier when fitted on the jaw bone, a head on said pin and a recess in said tooth carrier adjacent to said bore to receive the head of the'pin so that the surface of said head will be substantially flush with the front of the tooth carrier.

5. In a dental plate, a tooth carrier shaped to conform with and fit on the gum of a jaw bone, said carrier having at each of the posterior ends means for resting in and engaging recessed portions of the jaw bone and be held against vertical movement in said recessed portions when fitted over the jaw bone, a bore through said tooth carrier substantially spaced from said posterior ends, said bore being disposed to extend from a cavity in the jaw bone when said tooth carrier is fitted on the jaw bone, and a releasable pin through said bore and extending into said cavity of the jaw bone for preventing and arresting vertical and sidewise displacement of the anterior of the tooth carrier when fitted on the jaw bone.

,6. In a dental plate, a tooth carrier shaped to conform with and fit on the gum of the lower jaw bone, said carrier having its posterior ends formed to rest in and engage recesses in the jaw bone and be'held against vertical movement in said recesses when fitted over the jaw bone, a bore through said tooth carrier substantially spaced from said posterior ends, said bore being disposed to extend from a cavity in the jaw bone when said tooth carrier is fitted on the jaw bone, and a releasable pin through said bore and extending into said cavity of the jaw bone for preventing and'arresting vertical and sidewise displacement of the anterior ofthe tooth carrier when fitted on the jaw bone.

7. In a dental plate, a tooth carrier shaped to conform with and fit on the gum of a jaw bone, said carrier having at each of the posterior ends means for resting in and engaging recessed portions of the jaw bone and be held against vertical movement in said recessed portions when fitted over the jaw bone, a bore through said tooth car rier substantially spaced from said posterior ends, said bore being disposed to extend from a cavity in the jaw bone when said tooth carrier is fitted on the jaw bone, a reinforcement of hard metal fixed in the carrier and having a bore in registry w ith the bore of the tooth carrier, and a releasable pin through said bore in the carrier and extending into said cavity of the jaw bone for preventing and arresting vertical and sidewise displacement of the anterior of the tooth carrier when fitted on the jaw bone.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,467,163 Skinner Apr. 12, 1949