US2712602A - Reflection-free antenna - Google Patents

Reflection-free antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
US2712602A
US2712602A US223249A US22324951A US2712602A US 2712602 A US2712602 A US 2712602A US 223249 A US223249 A US 223249A US 22324951 A US22324951 A US 22324951A US 2712602 A US2712602 A US 2712602A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
antenna
wave
gradually
resistance
antennas
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US223249A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hallen Erik Gustaf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Publication date
Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Publication of US2712602A publication Critical patent/US2712602A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/28—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave comprising elements constituting electric discontinuities and spaced in direction of wave propagation, e.g. dielectric elements or conductive elements forming artificial dielectric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/04—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna with parts bent, folded, shaped, screened or electrically loaded to obtain desired phase relation of radiation from selected sections of the antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave

Definitions

  • tennas for example cone-shaped or egg-shaped antennas are used, on the other hand, wider resonance peaks are obtained than when thin antennas are used, and the differenee between maximum and minimum is also relatively smaller for thick antennas. are to a certain degree broad band antennas but there remains however some variation of the conductance, and besides they are rather cumbersome.
  • T he object of the present invention is to achievesuch an embodiment of antennas, that the periodical variation of the admittance with the frequency quite disappears and there remains only a very feeble frequency dependence, which proceeds constantly in the same direction, whereby the antenna becomes suitable for use as broad band antenna independent of the shape of the antenna, thus also if it is a thin antenna.
  • the invention is based upon the following concept;
  • the pronounced variations of. the conductance with the frequency at usual antennas are caused by the standing current wave system on the antenna with bellies and nodes, which are usually imperfect, as there is mostly only one fraction of a whole wave.
  • the antenna is fed in a current belly or a current node, a great or a small conductance is obtained;
  • Said standing wave sys tem is due to superposition of an outgoing continuous current wave and such continuous waves, asat an antenna with free end (or one free end)are reflected from the ends (or the end), or, at a frame antenna (loop antenna) have either parted in opposite directions or passed through the frame (loop) one or several times.
  • the essential feature of antennas (or antenna systems) according to the invention is that there is at least one antenna extending from the connection terminals, that is, in the spreading direction of the current wave with an impedanceper unit of length gradually varying in said direction for successive reduction of the. amplitude of the progressive current Wave, whereby the antenna component is arranged to prevent the development of a reflected or, more generally, an interfering current wave.
  • the device according to the invention has the advantage, that from the generator over the feeding line and the antenna into the air it is possible to obtain only one progressing wave without reflected or otherwise inter- Thus, these antennas ice fering waves. The same is true when the described antenna is used as receiving antenna.
  • Fig. 1a schematically shows a known transmitting antenna with two free ends and with usual current distribution
  • Fig. 1b shows the corresponding conductance-frequency-curve.
  • Fig. 2a schematically shows a transmitting antenna with two free ends each having an antenna component according to an embodiment of the invention and the new current amplitude curve
  • Fig. 2b shows the conductance-frequency-curve obtained according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically and on a larger scale a part of an antenna component according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 schematically shows a frame antenna with an antenna component according to the invention.
  • Fig. 5 schematically shows a frame antenna with several feeding points and with antenna components according to the invention.
  • Fig. 6 shows an antenna with gradually varying resistance.
  • the total standing current wave is indeed zero at the ends, but this is the case because the terminal amplitudes of each of the incoming and outgoing progressing waves extinguish each other.
  • Fig. 2a shows an antenna of the same type as Fig. 1a, but according to Fig. 2a each one of the antenna elements 3 is provided at its end with an antenna component 3' which in this embodiment is made of a rodshaped resistance with a resistance per unit of length gradually increasing in the direction away from the center of the antenna, that is in the spreading direction (i. e. towards the ends) of the current wave.
  • the antenna components 3 arranged according to the invention already the amplitude I" of the outgoing current wave will-at the same frequency as in Fig. 1agradually decrease to zero at the ends (or before) in such a manner, that no reflected current wave arises and therefore no sinus-shaped standing waves are produced.
  • the antenna according to the invention has only a very feeble frequency dependence for the conductance, said frequency dependence always progrssing in the same direction, and a constantly very slight susceptance.
  • the resistance in order to be completely eliminating, must have a varying conductivity over a certain distance, which may however be relatively short, and the transition between the antenna and ti e resistance must furthermore take place continuously'to prevent reflection from arising.
  • the antenna com orients may according to the invention also consist of condensers arranged in series, with gradually decreasing capacitance in the direction away from the antenna terminals.
  • 6 indicates a part of a core fixed in a suitable manner to a free antenna end for a row of cylindrical condensers arranged thereon, the exterior surfaces of which are indicated by 7" and the interior surfaces of which are indicated by 7".
  • the antenna components may also consist of inductances (coils or parts of windings) with an inductance gradually increasing in the spreading direction of the current wave, and it is also possible to use combinations of resistance and capacitance, or resistance and inductance, or capacitance and inductance, varying per unit of length in the longitudinal direct on, or a combination of all three, always in such a manner, that the impedance per unit of length increases in the longitudinal direction.
  • a double-faced antenna component 1% is arranged in an antenna frame on an intermediate place in the antena, for example right opposite the feeding point ll, said antenna component having an impedance per unit of'length gradually increasing from the ends towards the center.
  • an antenna component 14 is arranged,
  • the resistance material should be coated with a protecting layer of for example plastic, or, if carbon paint is used, the paint be burnt.
  • Fig. 7, 21 is a cylindrical base of insulating material, suitably with circular section. 'On said base a resistance material 22 is helically applied round said base with decreasing pitch and width counted from the connecting terminals 23 ofthe-antenna.
  • a successively increasing resistance in said direction is obtained due to the decreasing area, and a successively increasing inductance is obtained due to the increase of the number of revolutions per unit of length of the antenna.
  • the desired helical shape is obtained either by directly applying the resistance material in said shape or by first covering the base and I thereafter removing material in the intervals between the with an impedance per unit of length gradually increasing 7 from the ends towards the center, at a place in the antenna betweenthe feeding points, for example half way between them.
  • 111 indicates a suitably cylindrical base of insulating material, for example glass.
  • a resistance material 112 is applied with gradually decreasingthickness from the connecting terminals 113 of the antenna, which are marked by dashed lines on the draw-.
  • Fig. 8 31 is a cylindrical base of insulating materiaL.
  • FIG. 10 Another modification is shown in Fig. 10.
  • a number of plates 52 of conducting material are arranged, the mutual distance between which gradually increases in a direction from the connecting terminals 53 0f the antenna, and the surfaces of which facing each other decrease in the same direction.
  • Each one of the antennasshown in Figs. 6-10 consists in its whole length of a component with gradually varying impedance per unit of length. It is naturally also possible to arrange only one part of an antenna in the described manner without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • an antenna system having connection terminals at least one antenna component comprising a plurality of capacitance means in series arrangement, the capacitance of said capacitance means gradually decreasing in the direction away from said terminals of the antenna system thereby suppressing the development of a wave interfering with a current'wave generated in the antenna system.
  • the said capacitance means comprise a plurality of electrically conductive plate members disposed perpendicu-v larly to the direction of the current wave away from said terminals and spaced one from another,-the spacings between adjacent plate members gradually increasing in the direction away from the connection terminals of the antenna system.
  • the said capacitance means comprise a plurality of electrically conductive plate members disposed perpendicularly to the direction of the current wave away from said connection terminals and spaced one from another, the thickness of adjacent plate members gradually decreasing in the direction away from the connection terminals of the antenna system.

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  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
US223249A 1950-05-03 1951-04-27 Reflection-free antenna Expired - Lifetime US2712602A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE697193X 1950-05-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2712602A true US2712602A (en) 1955-07-05

Family

ID=20315361

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US223249A Expired - Lifetime US2712602A (en) 1950-05-03 1951-04-27 Reflection-free antenna

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2712602A (en:Method)
DE (1) DE849123C (en:Method)
FR (1) FR1047716A (en:Method)
GB (1) GB697193A (en:Method)
NL (2) NL160940B (en:Method)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2966679A (en) * 1957-11-13 1960-12-27 Edward F Harris Unloaded helical antenna
US3009982A (en) * 1958-03-10 1961-11-21 Morris M Newman Lightning diverters
US3079602A (en) * 1958-03-14 1963-02-26 Collins Radio Co Logarithmically periodic rod antenna
US3325814A (en) * 1965-06-23 1967-06-13 Sanders Associates Inc Broadband receiving antenna
US3337873A (en) * 1963-03-22 1967-08-22 Allgon Antennspecialisten A B Directional antenna comprising an inclined nonreflecting radiating element and vertical counterpoise
US4809010A (en) * 1981-10-02 1989-02-28 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Low profile wireless communication system and method
US4825224A (en) * 1986-09-02 1989-04-25 Eyring Research Institute, Inc. Broad band impedance matching system and method for low-profile antennas
US4829310A (en) * 1981-10-02 1989-05-09 Eyring Research Institute, Inc. Wireless communication system using current formed underground vertical plane polarized antennas
WO1989012331A1 (en) * 1988-06-03 1989-12-14 Eyring Research Institute, Inc. Low profile wireless communication system and method
WO1989012330A1 (en) * 1988-06-03 1989-12-14 Eyring Research Institute, Inc. Wireless communication system and method using current formed underground vertical plane polarized antennas
US5721557A (en) * 1994-08-26 1998-02-24 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Non-squinting end-fed quadrifilar helical antenna

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE576776C (de) * 1933-05-18 Telefunken Gmbh Dipolantenne
US2159637A (en) * 1935-04-30 1939-05-23 Mackay Radio & Telegraph Compa Antenna system
US2165958A (en) * 1933-12-23 1939-07-11 Rca Corp Aperiodic antenna
US2411976A (en) * 1944-08-31 1946-12-03 Rca Corp Broad band radiator
GB628986A (en) * 1946-10-01 1949-09-08 Edward Cecil Cork Improvements in or relating to aerials
US2588610A (en) * 1946-06-07 1952-03-11 Philco Corp Directional antenna system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE576776C (de) * 1933-05-18 Telefunken Gmbh Dipolantenne
US2165958A (en) * 1933-12-23 1939-07-11 Rca Corp Aperiodic antenna
US2159637A (en) * 1935-04-30 1939-05-23 Mackay Radio & Telegraph Compa Antenna system
US2411976A (en) * 1944-08-31 1946-12-03 Rca Corp Broad band radiator
US2588610A (en) * 1946-06-07 1952-03-11 Philco Corp Directional antenna system
GB628986A (en) * 1946-10-01 1949-09-08 Edward Cecil Cork Improvements in or relating to aerials

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2966679A (en) * 1957-11-13 1960-12-27 Edward F Harris Unloaded helical antenna
US3009982A (en) * 1958-03-10 1961-11-21 Morris M Newman Lightning diverters
US3079602A (en) * 1958-03-14 1963-02-26 Collins Radio Co Logarithmically periodic rod antenna
US3337873A (en) * 1963-03-22 1967-08-22 Allgon Antennspecialisten A B Directional antenna comprising an inclined nonreflecting radiating element and vertical counterpoise
US3325814A (en) * 1965-06-23 1967-06-13 Sanders Associates Inc Broadband receiving antenna
US4809010A (en) * 1981-10-02 1989-02-28 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Low profile wireless communication system and method
US4829310A (en) * 1981-10-02 1989-05-09 Eyring Research Institute, Inc. Wireless communication system using current formed underground vertical plane polarized antennas
US4825224A (en) * 1986-09-02 1989-04-25 Eyring Research Institute, Inc. Broad band impedance matching system and method for low-profile antennas
WO1989012331A1 (en) * 1988-06-03 1989-12-14 Eyring Research Institute, Inc. Low profile wireless communication system and method
WO1989012330A1 (en) * 1988-06-03 1989-12-14 Eyring Research Institute, Inc. Wireless communication system and method using current formed underground vertical plane polarized antennas
US5721557A (en) * 1994-08-26 1998-02-24 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Non-squinting end-fed quadrifilar helical antenna

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL160940B (nl)
NL76969C (en:Method)
GB697193A (en) 1953-09-16
DE849123C (de) 1952-09-11
FR1047716A (fr) 1953-12-16

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