US2708788A - Rendering metal meshes taut - Google Patents

Rendering metal meshes taut Download PDF

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US2708788A
US2708788A US30234A US3023448A US2708788A US 2708788 A US2708788 A US 2708788A US 30234 A US30234 A US 30234A US 3023448 A US3023448 A US 3023448A US 2708788 A US2708788 A US 2708788A
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Prior art keywords
mesh
taut
metal
frame
foil
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US30234A
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Cassman Harry
Jeynes William Edward
Webley Reginald Sidney
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EMI Ltd
Electrical and Musical Industries Ltd
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EMI Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/02Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
    • H01J29/08Electrodes intimately associated with a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked-up, converted or stored, e.g. backing-plates for storage tubes or collecting secondary electrons
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • H01J19/28Non-electron-emitting electrodes; Screens
    • H01J19/30Non-electron-emitting electrodes; Screens characterised by the material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/02Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
    • H01J29/025Mounting or supporting arrangements for grids
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0001Electrodes and electrode systems suitable for discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J2893/0012Constructional arrangements
    • H01J2893/0019Chemical composition and manufacture
    • H01J2893/002Chemical composition and manufacture chemical
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0001Electrodes and electrode systems suitable for discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J2893/0012Constructional arrangements
    • H01J2893/0019Chemical composition and manufacture
    • H01J2893/0022Manufacture
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49616Structural member making
    • Y10T29/4962Grille making
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49863Assembling or joining with prestressing of part
    • Y10T29/49867Assembling or joining with prestressing of part of skin on frame member
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49888Subsequently coating
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49892Joining plate edge perpendicularly to frame

Definitions

  • a taut mesh of very fine pitch In the manufacture of television transmission tubes it is frequently necessary to employ a taut mesh of very fine pitch, as for example when it is desired to evaporate material through the mesh on to a surface so as to form a multiplicity of discrete elements on the surface.
  • Various methods have been proposed for rendering the mesh taut and according to one method a copper mesh is mounted on a frame having a coefficient of thermal expansion slightly less than the material of the mesh, and it is then heated in vacuo to a temperature of about 600 to 900 C., at which temperature the mesh contracts slowly in relation to the frame and becomes taut, heating being stopped when a suitable degree of tension is attained, which can be judged by experience. It is believed that the contraction of the mesh is due to recrystallisation of the mesh material promoted by the heat treatment.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved method of treating thin metal meshes or foils so as to tauten them, with a view to providing a method which is less critical and less dependent upon the experience of the operator.
  • a method of treating a thin metal mesh or foil comprising the steps of extending the mesh or foil on a substantially rigid support, securing the edges of the mesh to the support with the portion of the mesh or foil between the edges thereof free from attachment to the support, applying in contact with said metal mesh or foil a deposit of a metal predetermined to alloy with the metal of the mesh or foil to produce shrinkage thereof, and heating the mesh or foil to cause such alloying to occur with consequent shrinkage of the mesh or foil relative to the support.
  • the heating may be effected either in air or in vacuo and the alloying of the metals is accompanied by the desired contraction or shrinkage of the mesh or foil, the said contraction or shrinkage occurring at a lower temperature and more rapidly than would otherwise be the case, the alloying of the two metals being believed to be responsible for a more rapid crystal growth in the material of the mesh or foil as it re-crystallises due to the heat treatment.
  • the method is therefore less critical with respect to temperature and time, and in addition, since the alloying of the metals is often accompanied 2,708,788 Patented May 24, 1955 by a change in colour, the method may be less dependent upon the experience of the operator.
  • a silver mesh 1 having for example'400 filaments per linear inch and a thickness of 0.0004 inch (the mesh being therefore flexible) is cemented to a frame 2 of, for example, stainless steel, by applying a suspension of colloidal silver in oil to the edges of the mesh, applying the mesh to the frame while the mesh is in an extended, that is a more or less taut condition, and subsequently drying out the suspension by heat treatment so that the edges of the mesh are left firmly adhering to the frame 2 by means of a thin layer of silver 3 with the portion of the mesh between its edges free from attachment to the frame as indicated in the drawing.
  • the mesh may of course be secured to the frame in other suitable ways, for example by applying a nickel tape to the edges of the mesh and welding the tape to the frame through the interstices of the mesh.
  • the mesh and frame are shown in transverse section, and it will be appreciated that their relative dimensions are not shown in correct proportion.
  • the mesh is coated with a thin film of gold 4, of a thickness, say, of 10- inches in the case of a mesh with the dimensions given, the film being applied by any suitable method, for example by plating the gold on to the mesh or by sputtering or evaporating the gold on to the mesh.
  • the mesh secured to the frame is then heated either in air or in vacuo to a temperature of between 300 and 500 C., the heating being continued until the alloying of the two metals is observed, accompanied by a tautening of the mesh.
  • alloying accurs the colour of the mesh changes from gold to a pale yellow.
  • the invention has been described with reference to the treatment of thin metal meshes so as to tauten them, but the invention can also be applied to the treatment of metal grids or grills such as are employed in other forms of electron discharge devices, or to other arrays of metal filaments which require to be supported in a taut condition. It is to be understood therefore that the expression metal mesh used herein and in the claims is intended to include such arrays of metal filaments.
  • the invention may also be applied where it is desired to provide a metal foil supported in a taut condition.
  • the method is not limited to the employment of a silver mesh or foil having gold deposited on it, but it can be applied to other metal which will alloy together and produce shrinkage, for example it may be applied to a nickel mesh or foil having copper deposited thereon.
  • a method of treating a flexible metal mesh or foil structure suitable for use in an electron discharge device to render it taut comprising the steps of extending the structure on a substantially rigid support, securing the edges of the structure to the support with the portion of the structure between its edges free from attachment to the support, applying to the surface of said structure a deposit of a metal predetermined to alloy with the metal of the structure to produce shrinkage of the structure, and finally heating the structure to cause alloying of the metal of said structure with the deposited metal and consequent shrinkage of the unattached portion of said structure relative to said support.
  • a method of treating a flexible silver mesh or foil structure suitable for use in an electron discharge device to render it taut comprising the steps of extending the structure on a substantially rigid support, securing the edges of the structure to the support with the portion of the structure between its edges free from attachment to the support, applying a deposit of gold to the surface of said structure, and finally heating the structure to cause alloying of the silver of the structure with said gold and consequent shrinkage of the unattached portion of the structure relative to said support.
  • a method of treating a flexible silver mesh suitable for use in an electron discharge device to render it taut comprising the steps of extending the mesh on a substantially rigid support, securing the edges of the mesh to the support with the portion of the mesh between its edges free from attachment to the support, applying a deposit of gold to the surface of said mesh, and finally heating the mesh to a temperature between 300 C. and 500 C. to cause alloying of the silver of the mesh with said gold and consequent shrinkage of the unattached portion of the mesh relative to the support.
  • a method of treating a flexible silver mesh suitable Cit for use in an electron discharge device to render it taut comprising the steps of extending the mesh on a steel frame conforming to a closed figure, securing the edges of the mesh to the frame with the portion of the mesh between its edges free from attachment to the frame, applying a deposit of gold to the surface of said mesh, and finally heating the mesh to cause alloying of said silver and said gold and consequent shrinkage of the unattached portion of the mesh relative to said frame.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)

Description

May 24, 1955 CASSMAN ET AL 2,708,788
RENDERING METAL MESHES TAUT Filed June 1, 1948 Invenfors:
Harry Cassman I Williavnfdward Jeljnes Reginald Sidne Web/ey By W flfforney United States Patent RENDERING METAL MESHES TAUT Harry Cassman, Harlington, William Edward Jeynes, Chalvey, Slough, and Reginald Sidney Webley, Hayes, England, assignors to Electric & Musical Industries Limited, Hayes, England, a British company Application June 1, 1948, Serial No. 30,234 Claims priority, application Great Britain June 3, 1947 4 Claims. (Cl. 29-428) This invention relates to treating thin metal meshes or foils so as to tauten them, the invention being especially but not exclusively applicable to the treatment of meshes such as employed in the manufacture of television transmission tubes.
In the manufacture of television transmission tubes it is frequently necessary to employ a taut mesh of very fine pitch, as for example when it is desired to evaporate material through the mesh on to a surface so as to form a multiplicity of discrete elements on the surface. Various methods have been proposed for rendering the mesh taut and according to one method a copper mesh is mounted on a frame having a coefficient of thermal expansion slightly less than the material of the mesh, and it is then heated in vacuo to a temperature of about 600 to 900 C., at which temperature the mesh contracts slowly in relation to the frame and becomes taut, heating being stopped when a suitable degree of tension is attained, which can be judged by experience. It is believed that the contraction of the mesh is due to recrystallisation of the mesh material promoted by the heat treatment. A similar method has been proposed employing a silver mesh mounted on a frame composed of stainless steel or glass. In both cases, however, the method is fairly critical both with respect to the temperature to which the heating is carried, and the time for which it is continued and the success of the method relies to a great extent on the experience of the operator. It seems also that the heat treatment must be carried out in vacuo, though the reason for this is not clear.
The object of the present invention is to provide an improved method of treating thin metal meshes or foils so as to tauten them, with a view to providing a method which is less critical and less dependent upon the experience of the operator.
According to the present invention there is provided a method of treating a thin metal mesh or foil, comprising the steps of extending the mesh or foil on a substantially rigid support, securing the edges of the mesh to the support with the portion of the mesh or foil between the edges thereof free from attachment to the support, applying in contact with said metal mesh or foil a deposit of a metal predetermined to alloy with the metal of the mesh or foil to produce shrinkage thereof, and heating the mesh or foil to cause such alloying to occur with consequent shrinkage of the mesh or foil relative to the support.
The heating may be effected either in air or in vacuo and the alloying of the metals is accompanied by the desired contraction or shrinkage of the mesh or foil, the said contraction or shrinkage occurring at a lower temperature and more rapidly than would otherwise be the case, the alloying of the two metals being believed to be responsible for a more rapid crystal growth in the material of the mesh or foil as it re-crystallises due to the heat treatment. The method is therefore less critical with respect to temperature and time, and in addition, since the alloying of the metals is often accompanied 2,708,788 Patented May 24, 1955 by a change in colour, the method may be less dependent upon the experience of the operator. It is also found that in the case of a mesh, for example, subsequent heating as occurs in the usual processes for the manufacture of television transmission tubes is less harmful than in the case of meshes rendered taut by some methods such as employed hitherto, since such subsequent heating does not produce appreciable slackening of the mesh.
In order that the said invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into effect, the same will now be more fully described with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which one example of the present invention, applied to the treatment of a metal mesh for use in the manufacture of a television transmission tube, is diagrammatically illustrated.
Referring to the drawing, a silver mesh 1 having for example'400 filaments per linear inch and a thickness of 0.0004 inch (the mesh being therefore flexible) is cemented to a frame 2 of, for example, stainless steel, by applying a suspension of colloidal silver in oil to the edges of the mesh, applying the mesh to the frame while the mesh is in an extended, that is a more or less taut condition, and subsequently drying out the suspension by heat treatment so that the edges of the mesh are left firmly adhering to the frame 2 by means of a thin layer of silver 3 with the portion of the mesh between its edges free from attachment to the frame as indicated in the drawing. The mesh may of course be secured to the frame in other suitable ways, for example by applying a nickel tape to the edges of the mesh and welding the tape to the frame through the interstices of the mesh. In the drawing the mesh and frame are shown in transverse section, and it will be appreciated that their relative dimensions are not shown in correct proportion. Before or after mounting the mesh on the frame, the mesh is coated with a thin film of gold 4, of a thickness, say, of 10- inches in the case of a mesh with the dimensions given, the film being applied by any suitable method, for example by plating the gold on to the mesh or by sputtering or evaporating the gold on to the mesh. The mesh secured to the frame is then heated either in air or in vacuo to a temperature of between 300 and 500 C., the heating being continued until the alloying of the two metals is observed, accompanied by a tautening of the mesh. When alloying accurs the colour of the mesh changes from gold to a pale yellow. The invention has been described with reference to the treatment of thin metal meshes so as to tauten them, but the invention can also be applied to the treatment of metal grids or grills such as are employed in other forms of electron discharge devices, or to other arrays of metal filaments which require to be supported in a taut condition. It is to be understood therefore that the expression metal mesh used herein and in the claims is intended to include such arrays of metal filaments. In addition the invention may also be applied where it is desired to provide a metal foil supported in a taut condition. Furthermore the method is not limited to the employment of a silver mesh or foil having gold deposited on it, but it can be applied to other metal which will alloy together and produce shrinkage, for example it may be applied to a nickel mesh or foil having copper deposited thereon.
We claim:
1. A method of treating a flexible metal mesh or foil structure suitable for use in an electron discharge device to render it taut, comprising the steps of extending the structure on a substantially rigid support, securing the edges of the structure to the support with the portion of the structure between its edges free from attachment to the support, applying to the surface of said structure a deposit of a metal predetermined to alloy with the metal of the structure to produce shrinkage of the structure, and finally heating the structure to cause alloying of the metal of said structure with the deposited metal and consequent shrinkage of the unattached portion of said structure relative to said support.
2. A method of treating a flexible silver mesh or foil structure suitable for use in an electron discharge device to render it taut, comprising the steps of extending the structure on a substantially rigid support, securing the edges of the structure to the support with the portion of the structure between its edges free from attachment to the support, applying a deposit of gold to the surface of said structure, and finally heating the structure to cause alloying of the silver of the structure with said gold and consequent shrinkage of the unattached portion of the structure relative to said support.
3. A method of treating a flexible silver mesh suitable for use in an electron discharge device to render it taut, comprising the steps of extending the mesh on a substantially rigid support, securing the edges of the mesh to the support with the portion of the mesh between its edges free from attachment to the support, applying a deposit of gold to the surface of said mesh, and finally heating the mesh to a temperature between 300 C. and 500 C. to cause alloying of the silver of the mesh with said gold and consequent shrinkage of the unattached portion of the mesh relative to the support.
4. A method of treating a flexible silver mesh suitable Cit for use in an electron discharge device to render it taut, comprising the steps of extending the mesh on a steel frame conforming to a closed figure, securing the edges of the mesh to the frame with the portion of the mesh between its edges free from attachment to the frame, applying a deposit of gold to the surface of said mesh, and finally heating the mesh to cause alloying of said silver and said gold and consequent shrinkage of the unattached portion of the mesh relative to said frame.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,106,516 Lachman Aug. 11, 1914 1,275,022 Harrison Aug. 6, 1918 1,747,84 Schlenker Feb. 18, 1930 1,863,073 Smythe June 14, 1932 1,904,241 Kammerer Apr. 18, 1933 2,162,808 Gallup June 20, 1939 2,330,202 Brennan Sept. 28, 1943 FOREIGN PATENTS 475,393 Canada July 17, 1951 OTHER REFERENCES Barrett, Structure of Metals, page 201, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1943. (Copy in Div. 3.)
US30234A 1947-06-03 1948-06-01 Rendering metal meshes taut Expired - Lifetime US2708788A (en)

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GB14609/47A GB689564A (en) 1947-06-03 1947-06-03 Improvements in or relating to the treatment of metal meshes or foils so as to render them taut

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2813772A (en) * 1953-08-24 1957-11-19 Chromatic Television Lab Inc Television tube grid structure
US3099874A (en) * 1958-02-06 1963-08-06 Telefunken Gmbh Method of manufacturing magnetic core matrices
US3128531A (en) * 1959-10-22 1964-04-14 Nat Res Dev Dynodes for electron discharge tubes and methods of making same
US20050189046A1 (en) * 2004-01-22 2005-09-01 Silver Silk Llc. Knitted silver alloy fashion accessory and method of manufacture
WO2006051338A2 (en) 2004-11-15 2006-05-18 Middlesex Silver Co. Limited Fabric structure comprising silver-germanium-copper alloy

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1106516A (en) * 1910-06-09 1914-08-11 Laurence S Lachman Art of stretching sheet material.
US1275022A (en) * 1916-11-09 1918-08-06 Western Electric Co Method of and apparatus for manufacturing telephone-diaphragms.
US1747847A (en) * 1928-05-22 1930-02-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Method of manufacturing acoustic radiators
US1863073A (en) * 1930-04-23 1932-06-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Method and means for tensioning and for mounting diaphragms
US1904241A (en) * 1926-12-31 1933-04-18 Kammerer Erwin Compound metal stock
US2162808A (en) * 1937-11-30 1939-06-20 Rca Corp Electrode structure for television transmitting tubes
US2330202A (en) * 1939-12-07 1943-09-28 Joseph B Brennan Method of making electrodes
CA475393A (en) * 1951-07-17 B. Law Harold Methods of mounting screens for cathode ray tubes

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA475393A (en) * 1951-07-17 B. Law Harold Methods of mounting screens for cathode ray tubes
US1106516A (en) * 1910-06-09 1914-08-11 Laurence S Lachman Art of stretching sheet material.
US1275022A (en) * 1916-11-09 1918-08-06 Western Electric Co Method of and apparatus for manufacturing telephone-diaphragms.
US1904241A (en) * 1926-12-31 1933-04-18 Kammerer Erwin Compound metal stock
US1747847A (en) * 1928-05-22 1930-02-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Method of manufacturing acoustic radiators
US1863073A (en) * 1930-04-23 1932-06-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Method and means for tensioning and for mounting diaphragms
US2162808A (en) * 1937-11-30 1939-06-20 Rca Corp Electrode structure for television transmitting tubes
US2330202A (en) * 1939-12-07 1943-09-28 Joseph B Brennan Method of making electrodes

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2813772A (en) * 1953-08-24 1957-11-19 Chromatic Television Lab Inc Television tube grid structure
US3099874A (en) * 1958-02-06 1963-08-06 Telefunken Gmbh Method of manufacturing magnetic core matrices
US3128531A (en) * 1959-10-22 1964-04-14 Nat Res Dev Dynodes for electron discharge tubes and methods of making same
US20050189046A1 (en) * 2004-01-22 2005-09-01 Silver Silk Llc. Knitted silver alloy fashion accessory and method of manufacture
WO2006051338A2 (en) 2004-11-15 2006-05-18 Middlesex Silver Co. Limited Fabric structure comprising silver-germanium-copper alloy
US20080128054A1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2008-06-05 Peter Gamon Johns Fabric Structure

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NL76863C (en)

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