US2708655A - Electrolytic polishing of aluminum - Google Patents
Electrolytic polishing of aluminum Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2708655A US2708655A US2708655DA US2708655A US 2708655 A US2708655 A US 2708655A US 2708655D A US2708655D A US 2708655DA US 2708655 A US2708655 A US 2708655A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- electrolyte
- article
- acid
- electrolytic polishing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 22
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 22
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title description 14
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 26
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 24
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 235000010599 Verbascum thapsus Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Chromic acid Chemical compound O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- -1 alkylene glycol Chemical compound 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCOCCOCCO XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001464 adherent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940075557 diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003334 potential Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/16—Polishing
- C25F3/22—Polishing of heavy metals
- C25F3/24—Polishing of heavy metals of iron or steel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S29/00—Metal working
- Y10S29/026—Method or apparatus with machining
Definitions
- This invention relates to processes of electrolytic polishing of metals.
- the main object of this invention is to devise a process for the electrolytic polishing of aluminum articles, or articles formed from aluminum-rich alloys so that a lustrous mirror-like surface having a high specular reflectivity free from pitting is obtained.
- a process of producing a smooth, lustrous surface on articles of aluminum or aluminum-rich alloys according to the present invention is characterized by immersing the articles at an elevated temperature in an electrolyte containing phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, an aliphatic poly-alcohol or ether-alcohol soluble in phosphoric acid, and water, whereby etching is effected, and then subjecting the immersed article to direct current voltage, the article being made anode in the bath.
- the aliphatic poly-alcohol or ether-alcohol soluble in phosphoric acid is an alkylene glycol or ether thereof having a boiling point above 120 C.
- the electrolyte used may consist of a mixture of orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4), sulphuric acid (H2504), water, and an organic material, or materials, of boiling point greater than 120 C., soluble in phosphoric acid, included under the class of chemical compounds known as alkylene glycols and their ethers.
- H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid
- H2504 sulphuric acid
- water water
- organic material or materials, of boiling point greater than 120 C., soluble in phosphoric acid
- the greater proportion of the electrolyte consists of the phosphoric acid, with relatively small additions of sulphuric acid and water, together with a proportion not exceeding by weight of the organic material previously mentioned.
- An electrolyte is .prepared according to the following composition:
- the electrolyte is heated to a temperature of 70 to 80 C. and the torch case immersed therein.
- the preferred current density is 150 amperes per square foot corresponding to an electrical potential of approximately 10 to 15 volts.
- the electrolyte During treatment it is preferable for the electrolyte to beagitated by air, or by other methods well'known in the art.
- the cathodes may be of lead or graphite, preferably the first mentioned, and should be substantially greater in area than the projected area of the torch case being treated; a ratio of 6:1 has been found to be satisfactory.
- the time of treatment varies according to the smoothness of the original surface of the torch case, but varies from approximately 5 to 20 minutes.
- the torch case is removed from the bath and is rapidly swilled, e. g. in water which may be hot or cold or contain suitable known wetting agents tot render swilling more rapid and effective. It then has a brilliant appearance free from surface scratches and with a high specular reflectivity.
- the surface of the article After polishing, the surface of the article has a thin non-adherent oxide film which it is desirable to remove before the subsequent anodising process.
- This film can be removed by immersion of the article in a suitable solution without attack on the polished surface.
- the composition of such solutions are well known and may consist, for example, of solutions of caustic soda, or a mixture of chromic and phosphoric acids or chromic and sulphuric acids, or solutions of the salts of these acids.
- the time of immersion in such solutions should be no longer than is necessary to remove the surface film and may for example vary from 30 seconds to 5 minutes.
- the torch case may be, in accordance with the invention, then subjected to anodic treatment in a bath containing either chromic acid (HzCrOr) or sulphuric acid (H2804) according to whether an opaque or transparent protective film respectively is desired.
- a bath containing either chromic acid (HzCrOr) or sulphuric acid (H2804) according to whether an opaque or transparent protective film respectively is desired.
- T he film can subsequently be dyed, and, if desired, sealed for example by immersion in hot water to render the absorptive anodic film impermeable nonabsorptive and non-staining, and also to render the torch case unaffected by finger marking.
- the dyeing may be omitted and the coating sealed immediately after the said further swilling.
- composition of the electrolyte and conditions of electrolysis cited above can be modified considerably withoutdeparture from the scope of the invention.
- the percentage by Weight of orthophosphoric acid may be from 45% to and the percentage by weight of sulphuric acid may be from 5% to 20%, with the total acid concentration 45% to by weight, while the temperature range may be between 60 C. to C. without detrimental effect. Under these conditions satisfactory results can be obtained with current densities varying between 80 and 250 amperes per square foot, corresponding to electrical potentials of between 7 and 25 volts.
- the percentage by weight of the alkylene glycol or its ether may vary from 3% to 15 by weight wth'out adverse eifect.
- shaped articles of aluminum or alloys of aluminum can be given a lustrous surface even though the surface of the article before treatment is uneven, scratched or mildly scored and the mirror-like finish is obtained without deformation of the article from the shape possessed before the process was commenced. This is particularly important as regards extruded or deep-drawn articles of the metals mentioned because of their liability to deformation, e. g. with radial pressure.
- a light mechanical polishing may be advantageously eifected on the article before being subjected to electrolytic polishing by the process described, and subsequently anodic treatment may be effected in a chromic acid type or sulphuric acid type bath to obtain an opaque or transparent protective film as desired, which film maybe dyed.
- a process of producing a smooth, lustrous surface on an article of aluminum or aluminum-rich alloys comprising immersing said article in an electrolyte at a temperature of from 60 C. to 100 C., said electrolyte comprising, by weight, 45% to 80% orthophosphoric acid, 5% to 20% sulfuric acid, the total of the two acids being not more than 90% of said electrolyte, 3% to 15% of an organic compound selected from the group consisting of aliphatic poly-alcohols and ethenalcohols soluble in phosphoric acid, and the re,- mainder water, etching said article in said electrolyte, and then subjecting said article to a direct current voltage while making said article an anode in said electrolyte.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Description
United States Pam O 2,708,655 ELECTROLYTIC POLISHING F ALUMINUM Hubert Laurence Turner, Wolverhampton, England, assignor to Union Carbide'an'd Carbon Corporation,
Serial N0;'232,679 1 Claim. (Cl. 204140.5)
This invention relates to processes of electrolytic polishing of metals.
The main object of this invention is to devise a process for the electrolytic polishing of aluminum articles, or articles formed from aluminum-rich alloys so that a lustrous mirror-like surface having a high specular reflectivity free from pitting is obtained.
Further objects of the present invention will become clear from reading of the following description and claims.
A process of producing a smooth, lustrous surface on articles of aluminum or aluminum-rich alloys according to the present invention is characterized by immersing the articles at an elevated temperature in an electrolyte containing phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, an aliphatic poly-alcohol or ether-alcohol soluble in phosphoric acid, and water, whereby etching is effected, and then subjecting the immersed article to direct current voltage, the article being made anode in the bath.
Preferably, the aliphatic poly-alcohol or ether-alcohol soluble in phosphoric acid is an alkylene glycol or ether thereof having a boiling point above 120 C.
The electrolyte used may consist of a mixture of orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4), sulphuric acid (H2504), water, and an organic material, or materials, of boiling point greater than 120 C., soluble in phosphoric acid, included under the class of chemical compounds known as alkylene glycols and their ethers. Experiments have shown that the ethers of ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol tend to give the most satisfactory results, particularly ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (C2H5OCH2CH2OH). Very satisfactory results have also been obtained with diethylene glycol mono ethyl ether Preferably, the greater proportion of the electrolyte consists of the phosphoric acid, with relatively small additions of sulphuric acid and water, together with a proportion not exceeding by weight of the organic material previously mentioned.
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, a preferred embodiment will now be described, by way of example, as applied to the production of a lustrous surface on electric torch cases manufactured by impact extrusion from aluminum or aluminum alloy, one end of the torch being permanently closed, while the other is preferably flared, and formed to receive a reflector and a transparent cover therefor.
An electrolyte is .prepared according to the following composition:
Percent by weight Orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4) 66 Sulphuric acid (H2804) 15 Ethylene glycol mono ethyl ether 3.0 Water 16.0
The electrolyte is heated to a temperature of 70 to 80 C. and the torch case immersed therein.
2,708,655 Patented May 17,1955
IQQ
-After a preliminary period, e. g. about 60 seconds, during which etching of the torch case occurs, whereby natural films of oxide and absorbed grease or the like are removed, direct current at 7 to 25 volts is applied, the torch case being made anode in the bath.
The preferred current density is 150 amperes per square foot corresponding to an electrical potential of approximately 10 to 15 volts. During treatment it is preferable for the electrolyte to beagitated by air, or by other methods well'known in the art.
The cathodes may be of lead or graphite, preferably the first mentioned, and should be substantially greater in area than the projected area of the torch case being treated; a ratio of 6:1 has been found to be satisfactory.
The time of treatment varies according to the smoothness of the original surface of the torch case, but varies from approximately 5 to 20 minutes.
After this period the torch case is removed from the bath and is rapidly swilled, e. g. in water which may be hot or cold or contain suitable known wetting agents tot render swilling more rapid and effective. It then has a brilliant appearance free from surface scratches and with a high specular reflectivity.
After polishing, the surface of the article has a thin non-adherent oxide film which it is desirable to remove before the subsequent anodising process. This film can be removed by immersion of the article in a suitable solution without attack on the polished surface. The composition of such solutions are well known and may consist, for example, of solutions of caustic soda, or a mixture of chromic and phosphoric acids or chromic and sulphuric acids, or solutions of the salts of these acids. The time of immersion in such solutions should be no longer than is necessary to remove the surface film and may for example vary from 30 seconds to 5 minutes.
After further swilling the torch case may be, in accordance with the invention, then subjected to anodic treatment in a bath containing either chromic acid (HzCrOr) or sulphuric acid (H2804) according to whether an opaque or transparent protective film respectively is desired. T he film can subsequently be dyed, and, if desired, sealed for example by immersion in hot water to render the absorptive anodic film impermeable nonabsorptive and non-staining, and also to render the torch case unaffected by finger marking. Alternatively, the dyeing may be omitted and the coating sealed immediately after the said further swilling.
The composition of the electrolyte and conditions of electrolysis cited above can be modified considerably withoutdeparture from the scope of the invention. For example, the percentage by Weight of orthophosphoric acid may be from 45% to and the percentage by weight of sulphuric acid may be from 5% to 20%, with the total acid concentration 45% to by weight, while the temperature range may be between 60 C. to C. without detrimental effect. Under these conditions satisfactory results can be obtained with current densities varying between 80 and 250 amperes per square foot, corresponding to electrical potentials of between 7 and 25 volts. The percentage by weight of the alkylene glycol or its ether may vary from 3% to 15 by weight wth'out adverse eifect.
By the present invention shaped articles of aluminum or alloys of aluminum can be given a lustrous surface even though the surface of the article before treatment is uneven, scratched or mildly scored and the mirror-like finish is obtained without deformation of the article from the shape possessed before the process was commenced. This is particularly important as regards extruded or deep-drawn articles of the metals mentioned because of their liability to deformation, e. g. with radial pressure.
However, in accordance with the present invention a light mechanical polishing may be advantageously eifected on the article before being subjected to electrolytic polishing by the process described, and subsequently anodic treatment may be effected in a chromic acid type or sulphuric acid type bath to obtain an opaque or transparent protective film as desired, which film maybe dyed.
I claim:
A process of producing a smooth, lustrous surface on an article of aluminum or aluminum-rich alloys, said process comprising immersing said article in an electrolyte at a temperature of from 60 C. to 100 C., said electrolyte comprising, by weight, 45% to 80% orthophosphoric acid, 5% to 20% sulfuric acid, the total of the two acids being not more than 90% of said electrolyte, 3% to 15% of an organic compound selected from the group consisting of aliphatic poly-alcohols and ethenalcohols soluble in phosphoric acid, and the re,- mainder water, etching said article in said electrolyte, and then subjecting said article to a direct current voltage while making said article an anode in said electrolyte.
References Cited in the file of this patent FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain Jan. 27, 19 44 Great'Britain Nov. 12, 1948
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2708655A true US2708655A (en) | 1955-05-17 |
Family
ID=3441031
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2708655D Expired - Lifetime US2708655A (en) | Electrolytic polishing of aluminum |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2708655A (en) |
Cited By (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2752305A (en) * | 1953-01-14 | 1956-06-26 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Processes of electrolytic polishing of metals |
| US2868705A (en) * | 1955-01-19 | 1959-01-13 | John J Baier | Art of electrolytically treating metal to clean, level, smooth, polish and/or protect the surfaces thereof |
| US2935455A (en) * | 1958-01-08 | 1960-05-03 | Poor & Co | Metal polishing compositions and electropolishing of metals therewith |
| US3075894A (en) * | 1959-01-23 | 1963-01-29 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method of electroplating on aluminum surfaces |
| US3335072A (en) * | 1964-06-01 | 1967-08-08 | Martin Marietta Corp | Process of preparing lithographic plates |
| US3365380A (en) * | 1964-02-24 | 1968-01-23 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Kk | Electrolytic polishing solution and the process of polishing therewith |
| US3474008A (en) * | 1966-05-25 | 1969-10-21 | Standard Screw | Method of surface finishing a metallic part |
| US3970529A (en) * | 1975-04-30 | 1976-07-20 | Oxy Metal Industries Corporation | Electropolishing aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| US4097342A (en) * | 1975-05-16 | 1978-06-27 | Alcan Research And Development Limited | Electroplating aluminum stock |
| US4293617A (en) * | 1979-12-26 | 1981-10-06 | Gould Inc. | Process for producing strippable copper on an aluminum carrier and the article so obtained |
| US4444628A (en) * | 1982-08-26 | 1984-04-24 | Okuno Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Process for treating Al alloy casting and die casting |
| US4793903A (en) * | 1986-10-24 | 1988-12-27 | The Boeing Company | Method of cleaning aluminum surfaces |
| US5009756A (en) * | 1989-05-26 | 1991-04-23 | Gebr. Happich Gmbh | Chemical method of avoiding a rainbow effect caused by the layer of oxide produced upon the brightening of parts of aluminum or aluminum alloys |
| US5269904A (en) * | 1992-06-05 | 1993-12-14 | Northrop Corporation | Single tank de-oxidation and anodization process |
| US5837117A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1998-11-17 | Satma | Two-stage process for electrolytically polishing metal surfaces to obtain improved optical properties and resulting products |
| EP1939330A1 (en) | 2006-12-25 | 2008-07-02 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Microstructure and method of manufacturing the same |
| EP1967616A1 (en) | 2007-02-21 | 2008-09-10 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Microstructure and method of manufacturing the same |
| EP2039808A2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2009-03-25 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Microstructure |
| WO2009069350A1 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-04 | Fujifilm Corporation | Microfine structure |
| WO2009075198A1 (en) | 2007-12-10 | 2009-06-18 | Fujifilm Corporation | Anisotropic conductive joint package |
| EP2075836A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2009-07-01 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Microstructure and method of manufacturing the same |
| WO2009113486A1 (en) | 2008-03-14 | 2009-09-17 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Probe guard |
| WO2009133898A1 (en) | 2008-04-28 | 2009-11-05 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Microstructure and manufacturing method thereof |
| WO2010004981A1 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2010-01-14 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Microstructure, and method for production thereof |
| WO2010095653A1 (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2010-08-26 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Anisotropically conductive member and method for producing the same |
| WO2010095661A1 (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2010-08-26 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Metal member |
| WO2011078010A1 (en) | 2009-12-25 | 2011-06-30 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Insulated substrate, process for production of insulated substrate, process for formation of wiring line, wiring substrate, and light-emitting element |
| WO2012147964A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2012-11-01 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Dispersion liquid containing metal nanowires, and conductive film |
| EP2565006A2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2013-03-06 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries Limited | Mold for gasket for prefilled syringe |
| WO2015029881A1 (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-05 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Method for manufacturing metal-filled microstructure |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB558925A (en) * | 1942-07-23 | 1944-01-27 | Ernest Windsor Bowen | Improvements in and relating to the electrolytic treatment of aluminium and aluminium base alloys |
| GB612478A (en) * | 1946-05-24 | 1948-11-12 | Duncan Macarthur | Improvements in or relating to the electrolytic treatment of metals |
-
0
- US US2708655D patent/US2708655A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB558925A (en) * | 1942-07-23 | 1944-01-27 | Ernest Windsor Bowen | Improvements in and relating to the electrolytic treatment of aluminium and aluminium base alloys |
| GB612478A (en) * | 1946-05-24 | 1948-11-12 | Duncan Macarthur | Improvements in or relating to the electrolytic treatment of metals |
Cited By (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2752305A (en) * | 1953-01-14 | 1956-06-26 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Processes of electrolytic polishing of metals |
| US2868705A (en) * | 1955-01-19 | 1959-01-13 | John J Baier | Art of electrolytically treating metal to clean, level, smooth, polish and/or protect the surfaces thereof |
| US2935455A (en) * | 1958-01-08 | 1960-05-03 | Poor & Co | Metal polishing compositions and electropolishing of metals therewith |
| US3075894A (en) * | 1959-01-23 | 1963-01-29 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method of electroplating on aluminum surfaces |
| US3365380A (en) * | 1964-02-24 | 1968-01-23 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Kk | Electrolytic polishing solution and the process of polishing therewith |
| US3335072A (en) * | 1964-06-01 | 1967-08-08 | Martin Marietta Corp | Process of preparing lithographic plates |
| US3474008A (en) * | 1966-05-25 | 1969-10-21 | Standard Screw | Method of surface finishing a metallic part |
| US3970529A (en) * | 1975-04-30 | 1976-07-20 | Oxy Metal Industries Corporation | Electropolishing aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| US4097342A (en) * | 1975-05-16 | 1978-06-27 | Alcan Research And Development Limited | Electroplating aluminum stock |
| US4293617A (en) * | 1979-12-26 | 1981-10-06 | Gould Inc. | Process for producing strippable copper on an aluminum carrier and the article so obtained |
| US4444628A (en) * | 1982-08-26 | 1984-04-24 | Okuno Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Process for treating Al alloy casting and die casting |
| US4793903A (en) * | 1986-10-24 | 1988-12-27 | The Boeing Company | Method of cleaning aluminum surfaces |
| US5009756A (en) * | 1989-05-26 | 1991-04-23 | Gebr. Happich Gmbh | Chemical method of avoiding a rainbow effect caused by the layer of oxide produced upon the brightening of parts of aluminum or aluminum alloys |
| US5269904A (en) * | 1992-06-05 | 1993-12-14 | Northrop Corporation | Single tank de-oxidation and anodization process |
| US5837117A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1998-11-17 | Satma | Two-stage process for electrolytically polishing metal surfaces to obtain improved optical properties and resulting products |
| EP1939330A1 (en) | 2006-12-25 | 2008-07-02 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Microstructure and method of manufacturing the same |
| EP1967616A1 (en) | 2007-02-21 | 2008-09-10 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Microstructure and method of manufacturing the same |
| EP2039808A2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2009-03-25 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Microstructure |
| WO2009069350A1 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-04 | Fujifilm Corporation | Microfine structure |
| WO2009075198A1 (en) | 2007-12-10 | 2009-06-18 | Fujifilm Corporation | Anisotropic conductive joint package |
| EP2075836A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2009-07-01 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Microstructure and method of manufacturing the same |
| WO2009113486A1 (en) | 2008-03-14 | 2009-09-17 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Probe guard |
| WO2009133898A1 (en) | 2008-04-28 | 2009-11-05 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Microstructure and manufacturing method thereof |
| WO2010004981A1 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2010-01-14 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Microstructure, and method for production thereof |
| WO2010095653A1 (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2010-08-26 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Anisotropically conductive member and method for producing the same |
| WO2010095661A1 (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2010-08-26 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Metal member |
| WO2011078010A1 (en) | 2009-12-25 | 2011-06-30 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Insulated substrate, process for production of insulated substrate, process for formation of wiring line, wiring substrate, and light-emitting element |
| WO2012147964A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2012-11-01 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Dispersion liquid containing metal nanowires, and conductive film |
| EP2565006A2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2013-03-06 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries Limited | Mold for gasket for prefilled syringe |
| WO2015029881A1 (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-05 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Method for manufacturing metal-filled microstructure |
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