US2706275A - Transmission line windows having high voltage breakdown characteristic - Google Patents

Transmission line windows having high voltage breakdown characteristic Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2706275A
US2706275A US642472A US64247246A US2706275A US 2706275 A US2706275 A US 2706275A US 642472 A US642472 A US 642472A US 64247246 A US64247246 A US 64247246A US 2706275 A US2706275 A US 2706275A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
window
dielectric
transmission line
wave guide
high voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US642472A
Inventor
Jr Melville Clark
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US642472A priority Critical patent/US2706275A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2706275A publication Critical patent/US2706275A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/08Dielectric windows

Definitions

  • the principal object of this invention is to provide a pressurized seal for a waveguide or a coaxial line which will not arc-over at high power levels and/or reduced pressures.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a window or seal so placed in a waveguide or coaxial line that the breakdown strength of the component is a-maximum.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide dielectric feet for the window or seal thus increasing the breakdown path length.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section view of a section of wave guide including the inclined window and the associated inductive irises;
  • Fig. 2 is a detailed view of a window in a coaxial line.
  • a waveguide 14 for transferring power from a source to a load in the form of electromagnetic waves.
  • the particular structure of the waveguide 14, shown in the longitudinal cross-section is unimportant insofar as the principles of the present invention are concerned, and may thus be of rectangular or circular cross-section.
  • the waveguide 14, is sealed by a low loss dielectric window 12, placed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the guide as shown.
  • the dielectric member 12 is so cut as to fit securely against the inner walls of the transmission line 14.
  • Dielectric feet 16 are provided at the contacting edges of window 12 and waveguide 14, which feet, as illustrated extend over the surfaces of the window and the waveguide. It is preferred that the window 12 be situated at a point in the waveguide which is at a voltage minimpm in the standing wave pattern ordinarily obtained in transmission lines of the type described.
  • the maximum power level is increased by increasing the breakdown path length or by decreasing the electric gradient at the surface of the dielectric.
  • the path length is increased in this invention by two methods; first, by sloping the dielectric window 12 as shown in the drawing to increase its overall length in the direction of possible breakdown and secondly; by putting dielectric feet 16 on window 12. The latter may be accomplished simply by painting the edges of guide 14 and window 12 with some high breakdown dielectric paint or by making the feet 16 of similar material as window 12, as shown in the drawing or, as integral extensions of the window itself. It is evident that these methods may be used singly or together. Also, the gradient at the surface of the dielectric is decreased by sloping the dielectric window 12.
  • the dielectric feet are indicated by reference character 16.
  • Inductive irises 22 and 24 are placed on either side of the window 20. These irises are positioned a predetermined distance apart so that a standing wave 2,706,275 Patented Apr. 12, 1955 voltage pattern exists therebetween. Window 20 is positioned such that its center is located at a low voltage point in this pattern.
  • the discontinuity introduced by iris 24 is balanced by iris 22 so that no standing waves are introduced in the wave guide 14 between iris 22 and the source of energy due to the introduction of these irises into the wave guide assembly.
  • reference characters 28 and 30 designate the inner and outer conductors of a coaxial transmission line. I n such a line the window preferably has a conical shape as shown at 32. The window is provided with an opening 34 at its apex to receive the inner conductor 28.
  • dielectric feet 36 are shown formed integrally with window 32 to increase the breakdown path length as ele xplained in detail in connection with the description of The principles described for increasing the surface area of a coaxial line or waveguide window and, consequently, increasing its breakdown voltage, provide a simplified and effective pressurizing and weatherizing seal for the While there is shown an embodiment of this invention, it will be understood that many modifications may be made without departing from the spirit thereof, and it is contemplated by the appended claims to cover any such modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of this invention.
  • a guided wave transmission line and a dielectric window sealed at its edges to said transmission line, the surfaces of said window being disposed at an oblique angle to the direction of the electric field within the transmission line, a pair of irises disposed within said wave guide transmission line and positioned to cause standing waves to exist therebetween, said dielectric window being positioned such that its center is at a minimum voltage point of said standing waves.
  • a pressure seal for said wave guide adaptable for use at high ratios of power level to pressure within said wave guide, said pressure seal comprising a substantially flat dielectric sheet disposed within said wave guide at an oblique angle to the broader walls of said wave guide, said dielectric sheet being sealed to the walls of said wave guide at the edges of said sheet, and a plurality of dielectric feet overlying a portion of said dielectric sheet in the region of the edges of said sheet in contact with said broader walls, said dielectric feet further extending axially of said wave guide in contact with said broader wall, first and second irises disposed on opposite sides of said sheet to produce a standing wave having a voltage minimum at the center of said dielectric sheet.
  • a pressure seal for said wave guide adaptable for use at high ratios of power level to pressure within said wave guide, said pressure seal comprising a substantially flat dielectric sheet disposed within said wave guide, said dielectric sheet being sealed to the walls of said wave guide, first and second irises disposed within said wave guides, said irises being positioned to cause standing waves to exist therebetween, said dielectric sheet being positioned such that its center is located at a minimum voltage point in said standing wave.
  • a pressure seal as in claim 3, said seal further comprising a plurality of dielectric feet overlying a portion of said dielectric sheet in the region of the edges of said sheet in contact with said broader walls of said wave guide, said dielectric feet extending axially of said wave guide in contact with said broader walls.

Landscapes

  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Description

April 12, 1955 M CLARK, JR 2,706,275
TRANSMISSION LINE WINDOWS HAVING HIGH VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN CHARACTERISTIC Filed Jan. 21, 1946 TO U .4 I /7? SOURCE /Z://// /A M l \32 I l I ATTORNEY United States Patent 1 2,706,275 TRANSMISSION LINE WINDOWS HAVING HIGH VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN CHARACTERISTIC Melville Clark, Jr., Syracuse, N. Y., assigior, by mesne assignments, to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy Application January 21, 1946, Serial No. 642,472 4 Claims. (Cl. 33334) This invention relates to seals and more particularly to a pressurized seal for waveguides or coaxial lines.
Heretofore waveguide components, and coaxial line components when operated at high power levels at ordinary air pressure or at ordinary power levels at reduced pressures had a tendency to arc over. It has been the practice to seal the transmission lines with a dielectricmember so that the line could be pressurized. These seals have introduced the disadvantage of disturbing the flow of radio frequency energy in the line and increasing the possibility of breakdown as a result of arc-over across the surface of the seal.
The principal object of this invention is to provide a pressurized seal for a waveguide or a coaxial line which will not arc-over at high power levels and/or reduced pressures.
Another object of this invention is to provide a window or seal so placed in a waveguide or coaxial line that the breakdown strength of the component is a-maximum.
A further object of this invention is to provide dielectric feet for the window or seal thus increasing the breakdown path length.
These and other objects will be apparent from the following specification when taken with the accompanying drawing in which Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section view of a section of wave guide including the inclined window and the associated inductive irises; and
Fig. 2 is a detailed view of a window in a coaxial line.
Referring now to Fig. 1 of the drawing, there is shown a waveguide 14, for transferring power from a source to a load in the form of electromagnetic waves. The particular structure of the waveguide 14, shown in the longitudinal cross-section is unimportant insofar as the principles of the present invention are concerned, and may thus be of rectangular or circular cross-section. The waveguide 14, is sealed by a low loss dielectric window 12, placed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the guide as shown. The dielectric member 12 is so cut as to fit securely against the inner walls of the transmission line 14.
Dielectric feet 16 are provided at the contacting edges of window 12 and waveguide 14, which feet, as illustrated extend over the surfaces of the window and the waveguide. It is preferred that the window 12 be situated at a point in the waveguide which is at a voltage minimpm in the standing wave pattern ordinarily obtained in transmission lines of the type described.
Since arc-over of a window 12 always occurs over the surface thereof, and since the power' level is generally not limited by the internal breakdown strength of the dielectric but rather by the surface breakdown strength, the maximum power level is increased by increasing the breakdown path length or by decreasing the electric gradient at the surface of the dielectric. The path length is increased in this invention by two methods; first, by sloping the dielectric window 12 as shown in the drawing to increase its overall length in the direction of possible breakdown and secondly; by putting dielectric feet 16 on window 12. The latter may be accomplished simply by painting the edges of guide 14 and window 12 with some high breakdown dielectric paint or by making the feet 16 of similar material as window 12, as shown in the drawing or, as integral extensions of the window itself. It is evident that these methods may be used singly or together. Also, the gradient at the surface of the dielectric is decreased by sloping the dielectric window 12.
Referring again to Fig. 1 there is shown a section of rectangular wave guide 14 including an inclined window 12. The dielectric feet are indicated by reference character 16. Inductive irises 22 and 24 are placed on either side of the window 20. These irises are positioned a predetermined distance apart so that a standing wave 2,706,275 Patented Apr. 12, 1955 voltage pattern exists therebetween. Window 20 is positioned such that its center is located at a low voltage point in this pattern.
The discontinuity introduced by iris 24 is balanced by iris 22 so that no standing waves are introduced in the wave guide 14 between iris 22 and the source of energy due to the introduction of these irises into the wave guide assembly.
In Fig. 2, reference characters 28 and 30 designate the inner and outer conductors of a coaxial transmission line. I n such a line the window preferably has a conical shape as shown at 32. The window is provided with an opening 34 at its apex to receive the inner conductor 28. In this figure dielectric feet 36 are shown formed integrally with window 32 to increase the breakdown path length as ele xplained in detail in connection with the description of The principles described for increasing the surface area of a coaxial line or waveguide window and, consequently, increasing its breakdown voltage, provide a simplified and effective pressurizing and weatherizing seal for the While there is shown an embodiment of this invention, it will be understood that many modifications may be made without departing from the spirit thereof, and it is contemplated by the appended claims to cover any such modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of this invention.
What is claimed is:
1. In combination, a guided wave transmission line and a dielectric window sealed at its edges to said transmission line, the surfaces of said window being disposed at an oblique angle to the direction of the electric field within the transmission line, a pair of irises disposed within said wave guide transmission line and positioned to cause standing waves to exist therebetween, said dielectric window being positioned such that its center is at a minimum voltage point of said standing waves.
2. In combination with a rectangular wave guide, a pressure seal for said wave guide adaptable for use at high ratios of power level to pressure within said wave guide, said pressure seal comprising a substantially flat dielectric sheet disposed within said wave guide at an oblique angle to the broader walls of said wave guide, said dielectric sheet being sealed to the walls of said wave guide at the edges of said sheet, and a plurality of dielectric feet overlying a portion of said dielectric sheet in the region of the edges of said sheet in contact with said broader walls, said dielectric feet further extending axially of said wave guide in contact with said broader wall, first and second irises disposed on opposite sides of said sheet to produce a standing wave having a voltage minimum at the center of said dielectric sheet.
3. In combination with a rectangular wave guide, a pressure seal for said wave guide adaptable for use at high ratios of power level to pressure within said wave guide, said pressure seal comprising a substantially flat dielectric sheet disposed within said wave guide, said dielectric sheet being sealed to the walls of said wave guide, first and second irises disposed within said wave guides, said irises being positioned to cause standing waves to exist therebetween, said dielectric sheet being positioned such that its center is located at a minimum voltage point in said standing wave.
4. A pressure seal as in claim 3, said seal further comprising a plurality of dielectric feet overlying a portion of said dielectric sheet in the region of the edges of said sheet in contact with said broader walls of said wave guide, said dielectric feet extending axially of said wave guide in contact with said broader walls.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Re. 20,244 Peterson Jan. 12, 1937 1,693,02l Cameron Nov. 27, 1928 2,122,893 Roosenstine July 5, 1938 2,207,522 Smith et al July 9, 1940 2,376,725 Richardson May 22, 1945 2,423,492 Fairbank July 8, 1947 2,427,098 Keizer Sept. 9, 1947 2,430,130 Linder NOV. 4, 1947 2,504,494 Bull Apr. 18, 1950
US642472A 1946-01-21 1946-01-21 Transmission line windows having high voltage breakdown characteristic Expired - Lifetime US2706275A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US642472A US2706275A (en) 1946-01-21 1946-01-21 Transmission line windows having high voltage breakdown characteristic

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US642472A US2706275A (en) 1946-01-21 1946-01-21 Transmission line windows having high voltage breakdown characteristic

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2706275A true US2706275A (en) 1955-04-12

Family

ID=24576698

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US642472A Expired - Lifetime US2706275A (en) 1946-01-21 1946-01-21 Transmission line windows having high voltage breakdown characteristic

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US2706275A (en)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2786185A (en) * 1952-06-11 1957-03-19 Sperry Rand Corp Microwave output window
DE1052486B (en) * 1955-04-25 1959-03-12 Sperry Rand Corp Non-resonance window for a circular waveguide
DE1053598B (en) * 1957-01-01 1959-03-26 Varian Associates Window arrangement for waveguides of rectangular cross-section
US2894228A (en) * 1953-11-02 1959-07-07 Varian Associates Radio frequency window
US2922127A (en) * 1957-01-16 1960-01-19 Edward C Dench Output coupling
US2939036A (en) * 1955-11-14 1960-05-31 Varian Associates Electron tube apparatus
US2946971A (en) * 1956-12-21 1960-07-26 North American Aviation Inc High temperature pressurized coaxial radio frequency connector
US3027525A (en) * 1958-04-28 1962-03-27 Microwave Dev Lab Inc Microwave frequency selective apparatus
US3249901A (en) * 1962-10-12 1966-05-03 Georg G Spinner Dielectric supports for high frequency coaxial lines
US3324427A (en) * 1964-05-06 1967-06-06 Varian Associates Electromagnetic wave permeable window
DE1281508B (en) * 1965-12-02 1968-10-31 Siemens Ag Arrangement for the transmission of electromagnetic waves
US3594667A (en) * 1968-11-15 1971-07-20 Varian Associates Microwave window having dielectric variations for tuning of resonances
US3675165A (en) * 1969-09-01 1972-07-04 Nippon Electric Co Waveguide window for transmission of electromagnetic waves
US4352077A (en) * 1979-05-18 1982-09-28 Varian Associates, Inc. Ridged waveguide window assembly
EP0231531A2 (en) * 1986-02-03 1987-08-12 Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. Method and apparatus for tuning microwave transmission windows
US4757292A (en) * 1986-08-08 1988-07-12 Hughes Aircraft Company Microwave window
US10767459B2 (en) 2018-02-12 2020-09-08 Eagle Technology, Llc Hydrocarbon resource recovery system and component with pressure housing and related methods

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1693021A (en) * 1928-11-27 Diagnostic instrument
USRE20244E (en) * 1937-01-12 High tension cable
US2122893A (en) * 1932-08-12 1938-07-05 Telefunken Gmbh Conductor for radio frequency currents
US2207522A (en) * 1938-03-24 1940-07-09 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Concentric conductor transmission line
US2376725A (en) * 1942-02-28 1945-05-22 Gen Electric End seal for transmission lines
US2423492A (en) * 1943-10-14 1947-07-08 Polaroid Corp Lens mounting
US2427098A (en) * 1943-10-23 1947-09-09 Rca Corp Variable attenuator for centimeter waves
US2430130A (en) * 1943-04-29 1947-11-04 Rca Corp Attenuator for wave guides
US2504494A (en) * 1940-03-05 1950-04-18 Emi Ltd Transmission line seal for electron discharge devices

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1693021A (en) * 1928-11-27 Diagnostic instrument
USRE20244E (en) * 1937-01-12 High tension cable
US2122893A (en) * 1932-08-12 1938-07-05 Telefunken Gmbh Conductor for radio frequency currents
US2207522A (en) * 1938-03-24 1940-07-09 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Concentric conductor transmission line
US2504494A (en) * 1940-03-05 1950-04-18 Emi Ltd Transmission line seal for electron discharge devices
US2376725A (en) * 1942-02-28 1945-05-22 Gen Electric End seal for transmission lines
US2430130A (en) * 1943-04-29 1947-11-04 Rca Corp Attenuator for wave guides
US2423492A (en) * 1943-10-14 1947-07-08 Polaroid Corp Lens mounting
US2427098A (en) * 1943-10-23 1947-09-09 Rca Corp Variable attenuator for centimeter waves

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2786185A (en) * 1952-06-11 1957-03-19 Sperry Rand Corp Microwave output window
US2894228A (en) * 1953-11-02 1959-07-07 Varian Associates Radio frequency window
DE1052486B (en) * 1955-04-25 1959-03-12 Sperry Rand Corp Non-resonance window for a circular waveguide
US2939036A (en) * 1955-11-14 1960-05-31 Varian Associates Electron tube apparatus
US2946971A (en) * 1956-12-21 1960-07-26 North American Aviation Inc High temperature pressurized coaxial radio frequency connector
DE1053598B (en) * 1957-01-01 1959-03-26 Varian Associates Window arrangement for waveguides of rectangular cross-section
US2922127A (en) * 1957-01-16 1960-01-19 Edward C Dench Output coupling
US3027525A (en) * 1958-04-28 1962-03-27 Microwave Dev Lab Inc Microwave frequency selective apparatus
US3249901A (en) * 1962-10-12 1966-05-03 Georg G Spinner Dielectric supports for high frequency coaxial lines
US3324427A (en) * 1964-05-06 1967-06-06 Varian Associates Electromagnetic wave permeable window
DE1281508B (en) * 1965-12-02 1968-10-31 Siemens Ag Arrangement for the transmission of electromagnetic waves
US3594667A (en) * 1968-11-15 1971-07-20 Varian Associates Microwave window having dielectric variations for tuning of resonances
US3675165A (en) * 1969-09-01 1972-07-04 Nippon Electric Co Waveguide window for transmission of electromagnetic waves
US4352077A (en) * 1979-05-18 1982-09-28 Varian Associates, Inc. Ridged waveguide window assembly
EP0231531A2 (en) * 1986-02-03 1987-08-12 Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. Method and apparatus for tuning microwave transmission windows
EP0231531A3 (en) * 1986-02-03 1988-10-05 Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. Method and apparatus for tuning microwave transmission windows
US4757292A (en) * 1986-08-08 1988-07-12 Hughes Aircraft Company Microwave window
US10767459B2 (en) 2018-02-12 2020-09-08 Eagle Technology, Llc Hydrocarbon resource recovery system and component with pressure housing and related methods

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2706275A (en) Transmission line windows having high voltage breakdown characteristic
US2411338A (en) Wave guide
US2516944A (en) Impedance-matching device
US2633493A (en) Broad-band wave guide-to-coaxial line junction
US3134950A (en) Radio frequency attenuator
US2981904A (en) Microwave transition device
US2576186A (en) Ultrahigh-frequency coupling device
US2691731A (en) Feed horn
GB597662A (en) Improvements in and relating to ultra high frequency coupling devices and systems
US2975383A (en) Waveguide polarization converter
US2567210A (en) Ultra-high-frequency attenuator
US2464598A (en) Flexible section for wave guides
US2682036A (en) Wave guide power divider
US2433074A (en) High-frequency coupling device
US2597081A (en) Joint for wave guides
US2854645A (en) Wide band waveguide circuitry
US3289112A (en) Strip transmission line ferrite filterlimiter having a ferrite sphere positioned beneath overlapping conductors
US2786185A (en) Microwave output window
US3324427A (en) Electromagnetic wave permeable window
US3086181A (en) Coaxial line to waveguide transition
US2721309A (en) Directional couplers for microwave transmission systems
US2860309A (en) Broadband waveguide junction
US3104361A (en) Ferrite circulator with conductive plate of uniform thickness having tapered angularapexes for broad banding
US2543425A (en) Squeezable wave guide for line stretching
US2675524A (en) Electrical wave guide provided with tuning pistons