US2701123A - Apparatus for drilling boreholes - Google Patents
Apparatus for drilling boreholes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2701123A US2701123A US182005A US18200550A US2701123A US 2701123 A US2701123 A US 2701123A US 182005 A US182005 A US 182005A US 18200550 A US18200550 A US 18200550A US 2701123 A US2701123 A US 2701123A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bit
- rotation
- gear
- planet
- speed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
- E21B17/1057—Centralising devices with rollers or with a relatively rotating sleeve
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/08—Roller bits
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/006—Mechanical motion converting means, e.g. reduction gearings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improved apparatus for drilling well bore holes.
- the invention is concerned with an improved high speed rotation method for drilling well bore holes utilizing a novel rotary bit assembly.
- an improved speed multiplier is employed in conjunction with a rotary bit whereby a high speed of rotation is obtained on the bit while using a conventional speed of rotation of the pipe string.
- the invention consists essentially of a planetary gear train in which the planet gear frame is held stationary by suitable dogs. Axial water courses through the planet gears provide for the proper mud circulation in order to secure the desired removal of the rock chips.
- Figure 1 a section on line I-I of Figure 4, is a diagrammatical sketch of the high speed bit assembly.
- Figure 2 comprises a section taken through IIII of Figure 1
- Figure 3 comprises a section through IIIIII of Figure 1
- Figure 4 comprises a section through IV-IV of Figure 1.
- the bit assembly comprises an outer case 1 attached to the lower end of a pipe string 20.
- the inner surface of case 1 is smooth at points 8 and 9 to allow for the relative movement of the mud packing. Between points 8 and 9 the inner surface of case 1 is machined to form a ring gear as shown in Figure 2.
- the planet gear case comprises an upper plate 2, the lower gear frame 3, a lower plate 2', and the planet gears 4, as shown in Figure 2.
- the lower plate 2 may be pinned to frame 3 or may be integral therewith.
- the planet gears turn on bearings suitably sealed against the entrance of high pressure drilling mud and are drilled axially to provide water courses 4a which connect the upper mud chamber 10 with the lower mud chamber 11.
- Dogs 6 are provided in a suitable recess in the planet gear frame as shown in Figure 4. These dogs under the influence of centrifugal force move outwardly and engage the walls of the hole being drilled. This holds the planet gear frame and prevents rotation.
- Gear A is an extension of the bit body 5B.
- the lower part of the bit body is adapted to hold the cones 12 of the conventional jet rock bit in a customary fashion.
- the proportion of the gears are such that when the planet gear case is locked against rotation the sun gear 5A 2,701,123 Patented Feb. 1, 1955 rotates with a velocity substantially higher than that of the ring gear.
- Conventional jet water courses 7 are drilled through the body of the bit.
- the planet gears act to rotate the sun gear associated with the bit body at a greater rate of speed than the drill pipe.
- the bearings illustrated permit weight to be placed on the drill bit while applying the stepped up rotational speed to the drill bit as described.
- the mud courses, aided by the packing illustrated, permit mud to flow through the drill pipe, and through the mud courses of the planet gears to the drill bit.
- the present invention is generally concerned with a bit assembly whereby the speed of rotation of the bit may be increased in an efiicient manner.
- the bit assembly comprises a ring gear, planet gears, and a sun gear.
- the planet gears contain water courses through which the mud flows, thus, enabling the teeth surfaces of the gears to be set in grease or other satisfactory lubricant.
- the speed of rotation of the pipe string may vary from 60 to 400 R. P. M.
- the preferred speed of rotation for eflicient operation is in the range from about to R. P. M.
- the gear ratios are set so that the speed of rotation of the bit, as driven by the sun gear, is from 2 to 4 times, preferably about 3 times the speed of rotation of the pipe string.
- Improved high speed of rotation bit which comprises an outer case assembly, the inner surface of which is machined to form a ring gear, said outer case assembly being adapted to be affixed to the lower end of a pipe string, a planet gear frame having a body portion positioned below said ring gear including an upper plate member positioned above the ring gear and a lower plate member positioned below the ring gear, planet gears rotatably fixed in said upper and lower plate members of the gear frame to mesh with said ring gear, said outer case assembly having a central cutaway portion above the said ring gear providing a chamber above the planet gears in fluid communication with the interior of the pipe string, said body portion of the planet gear frame having a central cutaway portion below said ring gear providing a chamber below the planet gears, axial fluid passages in said planet gears in fluid communication with said upper and lower chambers, a plurality of dogs pivotally mounted in said planet gear frame adapted to engage the bore hole wall, a bit body dependent below said planet gear frame, a sun gear centrally fixed to said
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Description
Feb. 1, 1955 T. v. MOORE APPARATUS FOR DRILLING BOREHCLES Filed Aug. 29, 1950 Thomas V mqore/ Gnvengbor b s LO Gabon-neg United States Patent 2,701,123 APPARATUS FOR DRILLING BOREHOLES Thomas V. Moore, Manhasset, N. Y., assignor to Standard Oil Development Company, a corporation of Delaware Application August 29, 1950, Serial No. 182,005 2 Claims. (Cl. 255-19) The present invention relates to an improved apparatus for drilling well bore holes. The invention is concerned with an improved high speed rotation method for drilling well bore holes utilizing a novel rotary bit assembly. In accordance with the present invention an improved speed multiplier is employed in conjunction with a rotary bit whereby a high speed of rotation is obtained on the bit while using a conventional speed of rotation of the pipe string.
In the exploration for oil the art of drilling well bore holes into subterranean areas of the earth has been widely investigated and extensively developed. The techniques employed are many and a wide variety of drilling bits and associated apparatus have also been developed. One conventional procedure is to attach a suitable bit on the end of a pipe string and to rotate the bit by the rotation of the pipe string. By this procedure it is obvious that the speed of rotation of the bit is equal to the speed of rotation of the pipe string. Moreover, generally speaking, a conventional technique for applying the required force to the bit is to allow the weight of the drill string to partially rest on the bit. This is not entirely satisfactory since it is often desirable to secure a relatively high speed of rotation of the bit, but this is prevented by the various difliculties encountered when rotating a relatively long pipe string in a rapid manner. For instance, the pipe string tends to wind up resulting in stresses which tend to increase the corrosion rate. Also the pipe string tends to buckle and weave, often hitting the wall of the well causing non-uniform operations.
It has now been discovered that relatively high speed of rotation of the bit may be secured providing the novel device of the present invention be employed. The invention consists essentially of a planetary gear train in which the planet gear frame is held stationary by suitable dogs. Axial water courses through the planet gears provide for the proper mud circulation in order to secure the desired removal of the rock chips.
The present invention may be readily understood by reference to the drawings illustrating embodiments of the same. Figure 1, a section on line I-I of Figure 4, is a diagrammatical sketch of the high speed bit assembly. Figure 2 comprises a section taken through IIII of Figure 1, while Figure 3 comprises a section through IIIIII of Figure 1, and finally, Figure 4 comprises a section through IV-IV of Figure 1.
Referring specifically to Figure 1, the bit assembly comprises an outer case 1 attached to the lower end of a pipe string 20. The inner surface of case 1 is smooth at points 8 and 9 to allow for the relative movement of the mud packing. Between points 8 and 9 the inner surface of case 1 is machined to form a ring gear as shown in Figure 2. The planet gear case comprises an upper plate 2, the lower gear frame 3, a lower plate 2', and the planet gears 4, as shown in Figure 2. The lower plate 2 may be pinned to frame 3 or may be integral therewith. The planet gears turn on bearings suitably sealed against the entrance of high pressure drilling mud and are drilled axially to provide water courses 4a which connect the upper mud chamber 10 with the lower mud chamber 11. Dogs 6 are provided in a suitable recess in the planet gear frame as shown in Figure 4. These dogs under the influence of centrifugal force move outwardly and engage the walls of the hole being drilled. This holds the planet gear frame and prevents rotation.
Gear A is an extension of the bit body 5B. The lower part of the bit body is adapted to hold the cones 12 of the conventional jet rock bit in a customary fashion. The proportion of the gears are such that when the planet gear case is locked against rotation the sun gear 5A 2,701,123 Patented Feb. 1, 1955 rotates with a velocity substantially higher than that of the ring gear. Conventional jet water courses 7 are drilled through the body of the bit.
In operation when the drill pipe and bit are run to the bottom of the hole, rotation of the drill pipe causes the dogs 6 to move outwardly and engage the walls of the hole being drilled. As soon as the planet gears are prevented from rotation about the sun gear, the sun gear which is an integral part of the bit body rotates with a higher velocity than that of the ring gear which is made up to the drill collar. Thus, in actual operation, drill pipe 20 rotates, thereby rotating the ring gear machined on the inner portion of the case 1 attached to the drill string. Dogs 6 hold the planet gear case fixed with respect to the bore hole, maintaining the axis of the planetary gears stationary with respect to the bore hole. Rotation of the ring gear therefore causes the planet gears to rotate on their own axes. In turn, the planet gears act to rotate the sun gear associated with the bit body at a greater rate of speed than the drill pipe. The bearings illustrated permit weight to be placed on the drill bit while applying the stepped up rotational speed to the drill bit as described. The mud courses, aided by the packing illustrated, permit mud to flow through the drill pipe, and through the mud courses of the planet gears to the drill bit.
The present invention is generally concerned with a bit assembly whereby the speed of rotation of the bit may be increased in an efiicient manner. The bit assembly comprises a ring gear, planet gears, and a sun gear. The planet gears contain water courses through which the mud flows, thus, enabling the teeth surfaces of the gears to be set in grease or other satisfactory lubricant. In conventional operations, the speed of rotation of the pipe string may vary from 60 to 400 R. P. M. The preferred speed of rotation for eflicient operation is in the range from about to R. P. M. The gear ratios are set so that the speed of rotation of the bit, as driven by the sun gear, is from 2 to 4 times, preferably about 3 times the speed of rotation of the pipe string.
Having described the invention, it is claimed:
1. Improved high speed of rotation bit which comprises an outer case assembly, the inner surface of which is machined to form a ring gear, said outer case assembly being adapted to be affixed to the lower end of a pipe string, a planet gear frame having a body portion positioned below said ring gear including an upper plate member positioned above the ring gear and a lower plate member positioned below the ring gear, planet gears rotatably fixed in said upper and lower plate members of the gear frame to mesh with said ring gear, said outer case assembly having a central cutaway portion above the said ring gear providing a chamber above the planet gears in fluid communication with the interior of the pipe string, said body portion of the planet gear frame having a central cutaway portion below said ring gear providing a chamber below the planet gears, axial fluid passages in said planet gears in fluid communication with said upper and lower chambers, a plurality of dogs pivotally mounted in said planet gear frame adapted to engage the bore hole wall, a bit body dependent below said planet gear frame, a sun gear centrally fixed to said bit body and extending upwardly from the bit body through said planet gear frame to mesh with said planet gears resulting in high speed rotation of said bit body on slower rotation of said pipe string, and mud passages through said bit body communicating with said lower chamber.
2. Apparatus as defined by claim 1 wherein the gear ratios are adapted to rotate the bit driven by the sun gear from two to four times the speed of the rotation of the pipe string.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 160,877 Chapman et a1 Mar. 16, 1875 1,894,039 Hill Jan. 10, 1933 1,944,838 Hill Jan. 23, 1934 2,151,646 Subkow et al. Mar. 21, 1939 2,528,300 Degner Oct. 31, 1950
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US182005A US2701123A (en) | 1950-08-29 | 1950-08-29 | Apparatus for drilling boreholes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US182005A US2701123A (en) | 1950-08-29 | 1950-08-29 | Apparatus for drilling boreholes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2701123A true US2701123A (en) | 1955-02-01 |
Family
ID=22666715
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US182005A Expired - Lifetime US2701123A (en) | 1950-08-29 | 1950-08-29 | Apparatus for drilling boreholes |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2701123A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060101916A1 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2006-05-18 | Roger Griffiths | Method and apparatus for ultrasound velocity measurements in drilling fluids |
WO2017158573A1 (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2017-09-21 | Gearpower Group Ltd | A gear system |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US160877A (en) * | 1875-03-16 | Improvement in reversing-mechanisms | ||
US1894039A (en) * | 1929-03-06 | 1933-01-10 | Union Oil Co | Apparatus for the straight drilling of wells |
US1944838A (en) * | 1929-03-06 | 1934-01-23 | Union Oil Co | Method and apparatus for controlling the angle in earth boring |
US2151646A (en) * | 1938-06-28 | 1939-03-21 | Union Oil Co | Subsurface speed-up drilling mechanism |
US2528300A (en) * | 1945-06-30 | 1950-10-31 | Charles F Degner | Cutting implement |
-
1950
- 1950-08-29 US US182005A patent/US2701123A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US160877A (en) * | 1875-03-16 | Improvement in reversing-mechanisms | ||
US1894039A (en) * | 1929-03-06 | 1933-01-10 | Union Oil Co | Apparatus for the straight drilling of wells |
US1944838A (en) * | 1929-03-06 | 1934-01-23 | Union Oil Co | Method and apparatus for controlling the angle in earth boring |
US2151646A (en) * | 1938-06-28 | 1939-03-21 | Union Oil Co | Subsurface speed-up drilling mechanism |
US2528300A (en) * | 1945-06-30 | 1950-10-31 | Charles F Degner | Cutting implement |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060101916A1 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2006-05-18 | Roger Griffiths | Method and apparatus for ultrasound velocity measurements in drilling fluids |
US7418865B2 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2008-09-02 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method and apparatus for ultrasound velocity measurements in drilling fluids |
WO2017158573A1 (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2017-09-21 | Gearpower Group Ltd | A gear system |
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