US2700627A - Treatment for commercial bimetals - Google Patents
Treatment for commercial bimetals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2700627A US2700627A US237840A US23784051A US2700627A US 2700627 A US2700627 A US 2700627A US 237840 A US237840 A US 237840A US 23784051 A US23784051 A US 23784051A US 2700627 A US2700627 A US 2700627A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- stress
- bimetal
- bimetals
- commercial
- treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001374 Invar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/011—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of iron alloys or steels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K5/00—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material
- G01K5/48—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a solid
- G01K5/56—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a solid constrained so that expansion or contraction causes a deformation of the solid
- G01K5/62—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a solid constrained so that expansion or contraction causes a deformation of the solid the solid body being formed of compounded strips or plates, e.g. bimetallic strip
- G01K5/64—Details of the compounds system
- G01K5/66—Selection of composition of the components of the system
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/02—Details
- H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
- H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
- H01H2037/525—Details of manufacturing of the bimetals, e.g. connection to non bimetallic elements or insulating coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/02—Details
- H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
- H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
- H01H2037/526—Materials for bimetals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S29/00—Metal working
- Y10S29/042—Tension applied during working
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S72/00—Metal deforming
- Y10S72/70—Deforming specified alloys or uncommon metal or bimetallic work
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/125—Deflectable by temperature change [e.g., thermostat element]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
- Y10T428/12958—Next to Fe-base component
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improved bimetal and more particularly to a bimetallic element that may be subjected to a wide temperature range without permanent deformation and without losing its calibration.
- Another object of this invention is to provide an inexpensive quick conditioning method for producing a stable low-stressed bimetal.
- a further object of this invention is to produce a lowstressed bimetal capable of retaining its calibration over a wide temperature range.
- This invention pertains in general to the prestressing of commercial types of bimetals to relieve internal stresses therein and thereby produce a bimetal that may be subjected to wide temperature ranges without losing its calibration.
- the bimetal should be stressed at about 95% of failure for about 15 minutes.
- This invention is further concerned with bimetallic ielements produced in accordance with the herein disclosed methods.
- Wilson Highflex 45 with a thickness of about 0.030 inch.
- the nominal composition of the high-expansion component is 19.5% nickel, 2.5% chromium, 1.0% manganese, and the balance iron.
- the low-expansion component is a 36% nickel Invar steel. This is a typical commercial bimetal, and it may be assumed that effective stress-relieving treatments for this bimetal would be equally effective, or at least nearly so, on the products of other bimetal manufacturers.
- a specimen pulled in tension in accordance with this invention is an as-received condition (a stock piece) under an applied stress of 130,000 p. s. i. was found to have a maximum measured residual stress of 7,500 p. s. i.
- a method of reducing the internal stress of a bimetallic element comprising a high-expansion component composed of about 19.5 nickel, 2.5 chromium, 1% manganese, and the remainder iron, and a low-expansion component composed of a 36% nickel steel, comprising the steps of stretching said element beyond its proportional limit to about 95 of failure, and maintaining said element in such stretched condition for about 15 minutes.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 2,700,627 TREATMENT FOR COMIMERCIAL BIMETALS No Drawing. Application July 20, 1951, Serial No. 237,840
1 Claim. (Cl. 148-2) The present invention relates to an improved bimetal and more particularly to a bimetallic element that may be subjected to a wide temperature range without permanent deformation and without losing its calibration.
Various efforts have been made in the past to secure a bimetallic element capable of holding its calibration over wide temperature ranges. The assumption has been that bimetal instability and failure to hold calibration results from high internal stresses. This stress condition presumably results from the standard methods of fabricating these bimetals, which comprises hot-welding the bimetal components together followed by various rolling operations. It would be desirable to eliminate these stresses and many stress-relieving treatments have been tried, including various heat treatments, cold treatments, thermal exercises, mechanical exercises, and various combinations of these treatments. However, these treatments have been largely ineffective in reducing the internal stresses.
It is an object of this invention to overcome the above and related disadvantages.
Another object of this invention is to provide an inexpensive quick conditioning method for producing a stable low-stressed bimetal.
A further object of this invention is to produce a lowstressed bimetal capable of retaining its calibration over a wide temperature range.
These and other objects of the invention will become apparent from the description and claims that follow.
This invention pertains in general to the prestressing of commercial types of bimetals to relieve internal stresses therein and thereby produce a bimetal that may be subjected to wide temperature ranges without losing its calibration.
There is provided, in accordance with this invention, a method of making a bimetal having reduced residual stress. This method is characterized by tension stressing the bimetal beyond its proportional limit.
According to a preferred form of this invention the bimetal should be stressed at about 95% of failure for about 15 minutes.
This invention is further concerned with bimetallic ielements produced in accordance with the herein disclosed methods.
The following procedure has ben utilized for stressrelieving bimetals in accordance with this invention. Stock pieces of the bimetal were fashioned into conventional tensile stress specimens. The actual pieces used were approximately 24 inches long and from one to two inches wide in the primary section under tension. The strips were pulled in a standard Baldwin-Southwark testing machine, to varying degrees of unit stress and for varying degrees of time. The actual stress magnitudes used ranged from 83% of failure to actual failure. In the event of strip failure, specimens for internal stress measurement were cut from the pulled piece at a point somewhat remote from the point of failure. In various tests, the pieces were held under tension at the indicated stress for periods which varied from a few to approximately 30 minutes. Holding the bimetal specimen under a tension stress of of failure for 15 minutes was found to be a preferred treatment.
These tests were conducted on Wilson Highflex 45, with a thickness of about 0.030 inch. The nominal composition of the high-expansion component is 19.5% nickel, 2.5% chromium, 1.0% manganese, and the balance iron. The low-expansion component is a 36% nickel Invar steel. This is a typical commercial bimetal, and it may be assumed that effective stress-relieving treatments for this bimetal would be equally effective, or at least nearly so, on the products of other bimetal manufacturers.
The residual stresses in specimens prepared in accordance with the above procedure were found to be smaller than for any other Wilson Highflex 45 treated in accordance with prior known stress-relieving procedure. For example, a specimen pulled in tension in accordance with this invention is an as-received condition (a stock piece) under an applied stress of 130,000 p. s. i. was found to have a maximum measured residual stress of 7,500 p. s. i.
The following general theory has been evolved to explain the effectiveness of internal stress reduction by stressing in tension. Commercial bimetals in an as received condition have been shown to be stressed in rather consistent patterns with stresses of tension and compression sometimes near the yield point. Annealing such a bimetal is ineffective in reducing the stresses as the bimetal, upon cooling, is again stressed by the unequal contraction of its components. When the strip is pulled as herein described, a nearly uniform tensile stress is applied to all fibers of the metal. Such a stress adds to the tensile stresses already present and subtracts from the compressive stresses already in the bimetal. If the added stress is of such a magnitude that yielding takes place at points where the total stress is above the yield in tension, then other portions originally in compression may actually be stressed in tension. If the materials yield sufficiently before fracturing, it is possible to obtain plastic deformation, in tension, entirely across the piece. Subsequently, when the tensile stress is released, the bimetal is largely stress relieved. It is obvious that this stress-relieving treatment will be most elfective when the Youngs moduli values of the two bimetal components are nearly equal and when their proportional limits are also about equal.
As many apparently widely different embodiments of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope hereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the spirit and scope hereof except as defined in the appended claim.
What is claimed is:
A method of reducing the internal stress of a bimetallic element, said element comprising a high-expansion component composed of about 19.5 nickel, 2.5 chromium, 1% manganese, and the remainder iron, and a low-expansion component composed of a 36% nickel steel, comprising the steps of stretching said element beyond its proportional limit to about 95 of failure, and maintaining said element in such stretched condition for about 15 minutes.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,106,516 Lachman Aug. 11, 1914 1,993,020 Scott Mar. 5, 1935 1,996,721 Gibbs Apr. 2, 1935 2,004,596 Biggert June 11, 1935 2,090,312 Sawyer Apr. 17, 1937 2,136,538 Borwick Nov. 15, 1938 2,144,915 Derby Jan. 24, 1939 2,146,389 Waltenberg Feb. 7, 1939 2,215,452 Braglio Sept. 24, 1940 2,259,312 Lee Oct. 14, 1941
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US237840A US2700627A (en) | 1951-07-20 | 1951-07-20 | Treatment for commercial bimetals |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US237840A US2700627A (en) | 1951-07-20 | 1951-07-20 | Treatment for commercial bimetals |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2700627A true US2700627A (en) | 1955-01-25 |
Family
ID=22895429
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US237840A Expired - Lifetime US2700627A (en) | 1951-07-20 | 1951-07-20 | Treatment for commercial bimetals |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2700627A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3031750A (en) * | 1958-02-14 | 1962-05-01 | Rods Inc | Method of producing steel bars |
US4013425A (en) * | 1975-06-26 | 1977-03-22 | Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft | Thermometric bimetallic structure of high strength at high temperature |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1106516A (en) * | 1910-06-09 | 1914-08-11 | Laurence S Lachman | Art of stretching sheet material. |
US1993020A (en) * | 1934-05-11 | 1935-03-05 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Bimetal thermostat |
US1996721A (en) * | 1934-04-21 | 1935-04-02 | Improved Seamless Wire Company | Thermostatic material and method of manufacture thereof |
US2004596A (en) * | 1933-12-13 | 1935-06-11 | United Eng Foundry Co | Method and apparatus for manufacturing metal sheets and strips |
US2090312A (en) * | 1936-09-26 | 1937-08-17 | Laminated Metals Corp | Thermostatic material |
US2136538A (en) * | 1935-09-11 | 1938-11-15 | Arthur H Borwick | Method of stretching metal rods |
US2144915A (en) * | 1937-03-10 | 1939-01-24 | Norman L Derby | Tapered thermostatic element |
US2146389A (en) * | 1936-05-16 | 1939-02-07 | Wilson H A Co | Thermostatic element |
US2215452A (en) * | 1938-05-19 | 1940-09-24 | Aluminum Co Of America | Venetian blind |
US2259312A (en) * | 1939-01-12 | 1941-10-14 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Method of manufacturing thermostatic devices |
-
1951
- 1951-07-20 US US237840A patent/US2700627A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1106516A (en) * | 1910-06-09 | 1914-08-11 | Laurence S Lachman | Art of stretching sheet material. |
US2004596A (en) * | 1933-12-13 | 1935-06-11 | United Eng Foundry Co | Method and apparatus for manufacturing metal sheets and strips |
US1996721A (en) * | 1934-04-21 | 1935-04-02 | Improved Seamless Wire Company | Thermostatic material and method of manufacture thereof |
US1993020A (en) * | 1934-05-11 | 1935-03-05 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Bimetal thermostat |
US2136538A (en) * | 1935-09-11 | 1938-11-15 | Arthur H Borwick | Method of stretching metal rods |
US2146389A (en) * | 1936-05-16 | 1939-02-07 | Wilson H A Co | Thermostatic element |
US2090312A (en) * | 1936-09-26 | 1937-08-17 | Laminated Metals Corp | Thermostatic material |
US2144915A (en) * | 1937-03-10 | 1939-01-24 | Norman L Derby | Tapered thermostatic element |
US2215452A (en) * | 1938-05-19 | 1940-09-24 | Aluminum Co Of America | Venetian blind |
US2259312A (en) * | 1939-01-12 | 1941-10-14 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Method of manufacturing thermostatic devices |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3031750A (en) * | 1958-02-14 | 1962-05-01 | Rods Inc | Method of producing steel bars |
US4013425A (en) * | 1975-06-26 | 1977-03-22 | Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft | Thermometric bimetallic structure of high strength at high temperature |
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