US2699420A - Treatment of light hydrocarbons - Google Patents
Treatment of light hydrocarbons Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2699420A US2699420A US267913A US26791352A US2699420A US 2699420 A US2699420 A US 2699420A US 267913 A US267913 A US 267913A US 26791352 A US26791352 A US 26791352A US 2699420 A US2699420 A US 2699420A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- mercaptide
- clay
- treatment
- gases
- liquefied petroleum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title description 12
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title description 11
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 231100000078 corrosiveness Toxicity 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 vapor pressure Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQAQPCDUOCURKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanethiol Chemical compound CCCCS WQAQPCDUOCURKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanethiol Chemical compound CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXWIAFSBWGYQOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;magnesium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydroxide;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4] IXWIAFSBWGYQOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052945 inorganic sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C7/00—Purification; Separation; Use of additives
- C07C7/148—Purification; Separation; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound
- C07C7/173—Purification; Separation; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound with the aid of organo-metallic compounds
Definitions
- This invention relates to the treatment of low-boiling hydrocarbons. More particularly, the invention relates. to the treatment of liquefiedhydrocarbon gases, such as liquefied petroleum gases, oftenreferred to as LPG.
- liquefiedhydrocarbon gases such as liquefied petroleum gases, oftenreferred to as LPG.
- gases have found wide industrial and commercial uses, as for example, combustion fuels and in. organic syn theses. These liquefied materials must for theirparticular uses comply with rather rigid" specifications on composition, vapor pressure, sulfur content. and corrosiveness. Typical of the: specifications'required for liquefied petroleum gas, for. example, are the following standards:
- a satisfactory method for testing the corrosiveness of the liquefied petroleum gases has been developed which consists essentially of placing a clean polished copper strip /z" by 3" in a test bomb having a capacity of 6.75 cubic inches and containing 1 ml. of water and about 6 cubic inches of the liquefied petroleum gas to be tested.
- a rating. of 2 or less on the above scale is considered commercially acceptable.
- adsorbent carrier may be impregnated in any suitable manner with the mercaptide salts, such as by mechanically mixing the mercaptide salt into the clay or by forming the mercaptide salt directly in the presence of the clay.
- a convenient and preferred method of preparing a treating agent of the present invention consisting of lead mercaptide and clay is to charge
- R is an hydrocarbon radical preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the only limitation on the particular hydrocarbon mercaptan employed is the rate of the above reaction and the availability of the particular mercaptan. Ordinarily, the lighter aliphatic mercaptans, such as ethyl mercaptan, will be preferred, but butyl mercaptan has been used satisfactorily.
- the completion of the above reaction is indicated by the disappearance of the orange (PbO) color and the appearance of a yellow (lead mercaptide) color.
- Zinc mercaptide impregnated clays can be prepared in a similar manner and can be used similarly as the lead mercaptides for satisfactory reduction of corrosive ness.
- the liquefied petroleum gases are passed through the material at a rate of from 0.5 to 5.0 volumes of liquefied material per volume of treating agent per hour.
- rates may be employed as long as there is suflicient contact time to obtain the desired improvement in the corrosive properties of the material treated.
- treatment of the light petroleum gases in liquefied form with the treating agents of the present invention materially and desirably reduces the corrosive properties of the liquefied products and brings them well within the commer'cially acceptable specifications for corrosiveness.
- the amount of the mercaptide on the clay is not critical.
- the mercaptide alone removes the corrosiveness but does not remain in an entirely desirable physical form because it tends to become crusted and consequently has a shorter life.
- the mercaptide may be used per se, it is preferable to employ it on the clay in an amount not to exceed 100% of the clay.
- the clay acts to retain the mercaptide mass porous and to prevent the dry mercaptide particles from agglomerating. When the amount of mercaptide on the clay is very small, a lower space velocity is required and a shorter life is to be expected.
- Clay with as little as 2 weight per cent of the mercaptide salts will remove practically all traces of corrosiveness of light petroleum products, even where the untreated material is unusually highly corrosive. In general, the most'desirable range, considering economic and other factors, is about 5 to preferably 25 to 50%.
- the clay may contain agents other than the mercaptide, which are known for use with clay, and which do not affect the desirable results described, as claimed hereinafter.
- a process for the treatment of a corrosive liquefied petroleum gas which comprises passing said liquefied petroleum gas in liquid state 'into contact with a bed of a mercaptide salt in a solid state of a metal from the group consisting of lead and zinc.
- a process for the treatment of a corrosive low-boiling hydrocarbon which comprises passing said hydrocarbon in liquid state through a bed of a solid material made by forming a mercaptide from the group consisting of lead and zinc mercaptides on an adsorbent carrier.
Description
TREATMENT OF LIGHT HY DRUCARBONS Warner E. Scovill, Lakewood, Ohio, assignor to" The Standard Oil Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio No Drawing. Application January, 1952, Serial No. 267,913
8 Claims. (Cl. 196-30).
This invention relates to the treatment of low-boiling hydrocarbons. More particularly, the inventionrelates. to the treatment of liquefiedhydrocarbon gases, such as liquefied petroleum gases, oftenreferred to as LPG.
The light gasesandpartieularly the liquefied etroleum: gases have found wide industrial and commercial uses, as for example, combustion fuels and in. organic syn theses. These liquefied materials must for theirparticular uses comply with rather rigid" specifications on composition, vapor pressure, sulfur content. and corrosiveness. Typical of the: specifications'required for liquefied petroleum gas, for. example, are the following standards:
1. 03 on POD* analysis... min. 95%.by vol..
2. Vapor pressure 225 P. s.i.g. at105 F. max.
3. Contamination (Hg freeze 2% by vol.
max. test).
4. Non-volati1e material max. 0.5 cc./l. of materials 95 boiling'over 100 F. (no oily residue).
5. None.
7. Max. 15 grains/100 cu. ft.
8. Corrosiveness. Max. of 2. (Sohio Strip Test below) 40 9. Water None (per Go-Br Test).
*Podbielniaklow temperature fractional distillation equipmentsold by Porlbielniak, Inc., 341 EastOhio Street, Chicago 11, Illinois. This procedure and equipment is standardized throughout the industry.
One of the most serious problems in connection with these gases from petroleum sources is their corrosiveness which is generally the result of sulfur in some form and particularly free sulfur which may be inherently present in the gases or which may be formed by the decomposition of sulfureous compounds. Another form of corrosive sulfur which is frequently found in these gases is carbonyl sulfide (COS). Furthermore with the conditions to which the gases are subjected this compound may be decomposed into free sulfur. This decomposition may be accelerated by the presence of iron oxides in the form of rust or the presence of alumina in some of the subsequent treatment to which the gases are subjected.
It has been proposed to remove corrosive sulfur from light hydrocarbons by a number of methods including various absorbent materials which remove the sulfur compounds from the hydrocarbon stream, and various other materials usually in solution which react with the sulfur compounds to form sulfureous compounds which are more easily removed by either settling, filtration or sorption. In some instances the corrosive sulfur compounds are converted into a diiferent form which is less noxious and is left in the hydrocarbon stream. Carbonyl sulfides in particular have been removed by treatment of the contaminated hydrocarbons with basic cadmium or copper salts, and various amphoteric salts, inorganic sulfides, activated carbon, amines, and imines. However, none of these compoundsor methods has proved entirely satisfactory in removing the corrosiveness of some light hydrocarbon streams and a better method is still needed.
A satisfactory method for testing the corrosiveness of the liquefied petroleum gases has been developed which consists essentially of placing a clean polished copper strip /z" by 3" in a test bomb having a capacity of 6.75 cubic inches and containing 1 ml. of water and about 6 cubic inches of the liquefied petroleum gas to be tested.
Thebomb isimmersed in a 122" F. water bath for three hours; Thereafter, the stripis inspected for the degree of corrosion by. comparing it with standard reference strips which are numberedin the order of their increasing. discoloration as follows:
No discoloration.
orange to light yellow.
Yellow to pale grey.
Pale grey.
Gold.
Light Purple.
Purple.
Deep Purple.
Dark grey.
Black.
Black flakes.
A rating. of 2 or less on the above scaleis considered commercially acceptable.
I have found that the corrosiveness of liquefied petroleum gases may be materially reduced and in most instances completely eliminated to give a zero test on the above scale by treating the liquefied petroleum gases with lead or zinc mercaptides which may be conveniently impregnated on a carrier clay, such as fullers. earth, diatomaceous earth, Attapulgus clay, bauxite and similar relatively inert or inactive adsorbent and percolation carrier or other materials. The adsorbent carrier may be impregnated in any suitable manner with the mercaptide salts, such as by mechanically mixing the mercaptide salt into the clay or by forming the mercaptide salt directly in the presence of the clay. A convenient and preferred method of preparing a treating agent of the present invention consisting of lead mercaptide and clay is to charge Where R is an hydrocarbon radical preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The only limitation on the particular hydrocarbon mercaptan employed is the rate of the above reaction and the availability of the particular mercaptan. Ordinarily, the lighter aliphatic mercaptans, such as ethyl mercaptan, will be preferred, but butyl mercaptan has been used satisfactorily. The completion of the above reaction is indicated by the disappearance of the orange (PbO) color and the appearance of a yellow (lead mercaptide) color.
Zinc mercaptide impregnated clays can be prepared in a similar manner and can be used similarly as the lead mercaptides for satisfactory reduction of corrosive ness.
In the treatment of liquefied petroleum gases with the lead and zinc alkyl mercaptide-treating agents of the present invention, the liquefied petroleum gases are passed through the material at a rate of from 0.5 to 5.0 volumes of liquefied material per volume of treating agent per hour. However, other rates may be employed as long as there is suflicient contact time to obtain the desired improvement in the corrosive properties of the material treated.
Utilizing reacting agents prepared as described above in a series of tests, the following data are obtained. These tests were field runs under actual operating conditions where variables could not be controlled as: closely as in the laboratory. Those tests were selected where the conditions were sufficiently alike so as not to afiect the results significantly. The liquefied petroleum gas was treated at a temperature of 20 to F., depending upon the season of the year and whether the propane came from production or from storage. The temperatures within this Very faint discoloration. Light range do not affect the results significantly. The liquefied petroleum gas was passed through the treating agent at a rate of 1.1 to about 3.3 volumes of liquid per volume of agent per hour. The rate within this range does not affect the result significantly. The particular treating agent employed and the concentration of the mercaptide salts are indicated. The corrosion number based on the above scale is given for the liquefied petroleum gases before and after contact with the particular treating agent, as shown in the following table:
From the foregoing data, it may readily be seen that treatment of the light petroleum gases in liquefied form with the treating agents of the present invention materially and desirably reduces the corrosive properties of the liquefied products and brings them well within the commer'cially acceptable specifications for corrosiveness.
The above tests are to be compared with liquefied petroleum gas treated with clay alone and with clay modi fied by conventional agents, all of which treatments gave no substantial improvement or an improvement less than that necessary to meet the above-described test requirements.
The amount of the mercaptide on the clay is not critical. The mercaptide alone removes the corrosiveness but does not remain in an entirely desirable physical form because it tends to become crusted and consequently has a shorter life. Although the mercaptide may be used per se, it is preferable to employ it on the clay in an amount not to exceed 100% of the clay. The clay acts to retain the mercaptide mass porous and to prevent the dry mercaptide particles from agglomerating. When the amount of mercaptide on the clay is very small, a lower space velocity is required and a shorter life is to be expected. Clay with as little as 2 weight per cent of the mercaptide salts will remove practically all traces of corrosiveness of light petroleum products, even where the untreated material is unusually highly corrosive. In general, the most'desirable range, considering economic and other factors, is about 5 to preferably 25 to 50%.
The clay may contain agents other than the mercaptide, which are known for use with clay, and which do not affect the desirable results described, as claimed hereinafter. L
I claim:
1. A process for the treatment of a corrosive liquefied petroleum gas which comprises passing said liquefied petroleum gas in liquid state 'into contact with a bed of a mercaptide salt in a solid state of a metal from the group consisting of lead and zinc.
2. A process according to claim 1 in which said petroleum gas is a propane petroleum fraction.
3. A process according to claim 1 in which said mercaptide has 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
4. A process according to claim 3 in which said mercaptide is ethyl mercaptide.
5. A process for the treatment of a corrosive low-boiling hydrocarbon which comprises passing said hydrocarbon in liquid state through a bed of a solid material made by forming a mercaptide from the group consisting of lead and zinc mercaptides on an adsorbent carrier.
6. A process according to claim 5 in which said adsorbent carrier is a clay.
7. A process according to claim 6 in which said mercaptide is ethyl mercaptide and the metal is lead and is present on the clay in an amount of about 5 to 20%.
8. A process according to claim 5 in which the low boiling hydrocarbon is a liquefied petroleum gas.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,718,713 Simpson June 25, 1929 2,055,423 Belchetz Sept. 22, 1936' 2,190,007 Batcheler et al Feb. 13, 1940 2,362,669 Schulze Nov. 14, 1944
Claims (1)
1. A PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF A CORROSIVE LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS WHICH COMPRISES PASSING SAID LIQUEFIED PETROLCUM GAS IN LIQUID STATE INTO CONTACT WITH A BED OF A MERCAPTIDE SALT IN A SOLID STATE OF A METAL FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF LEAD AND ZINC.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US267913A US2699420A (en) | 1952-01-23 | 1952-01-23 | Treatment of light hydrocarbons |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US267913A US2699420A (en) | 1952-01-23 | 1952-01-23 | Treatment of light hydrocarbons |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2699420A true US2699420A (en) | 1955-01-11 |
Family
ID=23020670
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US267913A Expired - Lifetime US2699420A (en) | 1952-01-23 | 1952-01-23 | Treatment of light hydrocarbons |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2699420A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2988499A (en) * | 1958-05-12 | 1961-06-13 | Union Oil Co | Desulfurizing hydrocarbons with lead oxide-clay mixtures |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1718713A (en) * | 1924-01-30 | 1929-06-25 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Preparing hydrocarbon products |
| US2055423A (en) * | 1935-04-06 | 1936-09-22 | Shell Dev | Sweetening process |
| US2190007A (en) * | 1937-09-01 | 1940-02-13 | Standard Oil Co | Refining light hydrocarbon distillates |
| US2362669A (en) * | 1940-09-23 | 1944-11-14 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Process for the removal of carbonyl sulphide from low-boiling hydrocarbon fluids |
-
1952
- 1952-01-23 US US267913A patent/US2699420A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1718713A (en) * | 1924-01-30 | 1929-06-25 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Preparing hydrocarbon products |
| US2055423A (en) * | 1935-04-06 | 1936-09-22 | Shell Dev | Sweetening process |
| US2190007A (en) * | 1937-09-01 | 1940-02-13 | Standard Oil Co | Refining light hydrocarbon distillates |
| US2362669A (en) * | 1940-09-23 | 1944-11-14 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Process for the removal of carbonyl sulphide from low-boiling hydrocarbon fluids |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2988499A (en) * | 1958-05-12 | 1961-06-13 | Union Oil Co | Desulfurizing hydrocarbons with lead oxide-clay mixtures |
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