US2697759A - Passive nonreciprocal amplifier coupling network - Google Patents

Passive nonreciprocal amplifier coupling network Download PDF

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Publication number
US2697759A
US2697759A US273514A US27351452A US2697759A US 2697759 A US2697759 A US 2697759A US 273514 A US273514 A US 273514A US 27351452 A US27351452 A US 27351452A US 2697759 A US2697759 A US 2697759A
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United States
Prior art keywords
quadripole
impedance
passive
nonreciprocal
coupling network
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Expired - Lifetime
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US273514A
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English (en)
Inventor
Tellegen Bernardus Do Hubertus
Nijenhuis Willem
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H11/00—Networks using active elements
    • H03H11/02—Multiple-port networks
    • H03H11/40—Impedance converters
    • H03H11/42—Gyrators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/002—Gyrators

Definitions

  • the invention is characterized by the use of a nonreciprocal electric quaripole, in which the quadripole impedances Z11, Z12, Z21 and Z22 fulfill the following conditions for all applied frequencies:
  • the invention is based on the following considerations: The following relation prevails between the voltages V and the currents I at the input terminals 1 and the output terminals 2 respectively of a quadripole 3 (Fig 1), having an input capacity C1 and an output capacity C2:
  • Z11 and Z22 designate the input impedance and the output impedance respectively;
  • Z21 is the transmission impedance and
  • Z12 is the reaction impedance of the quadripole.
  • a predetermined frequency variation of Z21 is, in general, prescribed for a quadripole connected between the output electrode of a first amplifying tube 5 and the input electrode of a second amplifying tube 6 (Fig. 2). It is desired that the optimum value for this transmission impedance Z21 be found using the given values of the capacities C1 and C2 which are produced by the wiring and the parasitic tube capacities. In other words, the transmission impedance Z21 is prescribed apart from a multiplicative constant. At the given input capacity C1 and output capacity C2 these constants are made as large as possible.
  • Bode solves this problem for a reciprocal quadripole (see Bode: Networks Analysis and Feedback Amplifier Design, chapter XVII) by assuming that the transmission impedance Z21 is completely given; he then determines theconditions in which the input capacity C1 a'nd1the 2,697,759 Patented Dec. 21, 1954 output capacity C2 become maximum in the given ratio' C1/C2. Subsequently the values of the impedances found can be multiplied by the same factor, so that the values of the input capacity and the output capacity become equal to the given values of C1 and C2 respectively. The transmission impedance Z21 is multiplied by the same factor, so that then the maximum value of this transmission impedance Z21 is found.
  • the real part R21 of thetransmission impedance Z21 will, as a rule, not be mvariably positive or negative, but it will have alternate polarities.
  • condition 61 is zero is fulfilled, according to one of the integral theses of Bode, if the integrant can represent the real part of a passive impedance function, of which the denominator exceeds the numerator by at least two degrees. This is the case, if
  • b is a real positive constant and Y is an admittance, equal to the quotient f/g of two polynomials, of which the numerator is of the same degree as the denominator or is one degree lower than the denominator.
  • the corresponding network is shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 respectively. Referring to Fig. 6, a gyration coupling is connected in parallel with the input terminals and the output terminals, having input capacity C1 and output capacity C2, which are again assumed to be identical and the admittance Y between one of the primary terminals and one of the secondary terminals is connected.
  • the impedance Z12 is found to be necessarily equal to UH-P) which is the case, if the factor Y+Y' is distributed.
  • the transmission impedance may be described in the relation given, if the impedances X are equal reactances, which are substantially free from losses and if Y is an arbitrary admittance in which substantially all damping of the quadripole is concentrated.
  • a circuit arrangement comprising first and second amplifier stages, each stage including an electron discharge tube having a control electrode and an output electrode, and a passive non-reciprocal quadripole coupled between the output electrode of the first stage and the input electrode of the second stage, said quadripole possessing electrical characteristics in which the following quadripole relations subsist for all applied frequencies:

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  • Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
  • Networks Using Active Elements (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
US273514A 1951-03-01 1952-02-26 Passive nonreciprocal amplifier coupling network Expired - Lifetime US2697759A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL309311X 1951-03-01

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US2697759A true US2697759A (en) 1954-12-21

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US273514A Expired - Lifetime US2697759A (en) 1951-03-01 1952-02-26 Passive nonreciprocal amplifier coupling network

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US (1) US2697759A (en(2012))
BE (1) BE509574A (en(2012))
CH (1) CH309311A (en(2012))
DE (1) DE1066294B (en(2012))
FR (1) FR1141353A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB747012A (en(2012))
NL (2) NL83984C (en(2012))

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2775658A (en) * 1952-08-01 1956-12-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Negative resistance amplifiers
US2794864A (en) * 1952-08-01 1957-06-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Nonreciprocal circuits employing negative resistance elements
US2885492A (en) * 1952-08-30 1959-05-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Repeater systems employing non-reciprocal coupling devices
US2944229A (en) * 1956-11-09 1960-07-05 Philips Corp Non-reciprocal electric coupling device
US3010085A (en) * 1958-11-17 1961-11-21 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Isolators in lumped constant systems

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2647239A (en) * 1947-04-29 1953-07-28 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Passive four terminal network for gyrating a current into a voltage

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2647239A (en) * 1947-04-29 1953-07-28 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Passive four terminal network for gyrating a current into a voltage

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2775658A (en) * 1952-08-01 1956-12-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Negative resistance amplifiers
US2794864A (en) * 1952-08-01 1957-06-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Nonreciprocal circuits employing negative resistance elements
US2885492A (en) * 1952-08-30 1959-05-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Repeater systems employing non-reciprocal coupling devices
US2944229A (en) * 1956-11-09 1960-07-05 Philips Corp Non-reciprocal electric coupling device
US3010085A (en) * 1958-11-17 1961-11-21 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Isolators in lumped constant systems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB747012A (en) 1956-03-28
FR1141353A (fr) 1957-09-02
NL83984C (en(2012))
CH309311A (de) 1955-08-31
DE1066294B (de) 1959-10-01
BE509574A (en(2012))
NL159547B (nl)

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