US2691967A

US2691967A - Pile hammer and like percussion machine

Info

Publication number: US2691967A
Application number: US114896A
Authority: US
Inventors: Bell Noel Gonne
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1949-09-09
Filing date: 1949-09-09
Publication date: 1954-10-19
Anticipated expiration: 1971-10-19

Description

Oct. 19, 1954 N. G. BELL PILE HAMMER AND LIKE PERCUSSION MACHINE Filed Sept. 9, 1949 4 2 7//// //7/// PU. -s H m 7//7///Z H m m l h m 1 h a h UV G. Z H q 5 u z Attorney Patented Oct. 19, 1954 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PILE HAMMER AND LIKE PERCUSSION MAC HIN

Claims.

This invention relates to pile hammers, earth rammers, concrete breakers, and like percussion machines (hereinafter referred to simply as hammers) of the type which is operated as a fuel injection internal combustion engine and which comprises a piston and piston rod structure stationary in relation to and supported by the object to be struck, and a cylinder which reciprocates longitudinally with respect to the piston and piston rod structure and forms the ram that strikes the blows.

In known hammers of this type part of the delicate operating mechanism for supplying'fuel is subject to severe shock and vibration because it is attached to a part of the hammer which either receives or strikes the blow.

The principal object of the invention is to reduce this shock and vibration on the operating mechanism by attaching it to a part of the hammer not receiving impact and removing said mechanism from the point of impact by a distance greater than the length of stroke of the hammer.

Another object is to provide a hammer of the aforesaid type constructed to operate at will on the single-acting or double-acting principle.

A third object is to provide a hammer of the aforesaid type wherein an electric ignition sparking plug is used in association with fuel injection.

A fourth object is to provide a hammer of the aforesaid type which can be adapted for extracting piles.

In accordance with the invention a hammer of the type firststated is provided with a fuel injection pump mounted on the piston and piston rod structure below the top of the piston and at a distance from the bottom of said structure greater than the length of the stroke of the cylinder, pump operating means mounted on said structure, and a member on the reciprocating cylinder co-acting with said means.

To enable single-action or double-action of the hammer at will a longitudinal slot or slots, greater in length than the length of stroke of the cylinder, may be provided in the cylinder to serve as inlet and exhaust ports to and from the lower chamber therein. Alternatively ports may be provided in this chamber or a valve may be provided in the bottom of the piston.

In order to reduce cushioning of the blow of the ram due to the high compression required for compression ignition, ignition may be effected by an electric sparking plug used in conjunction with a fuel injector.

Adaptation for use as a pile extractor may be by altering the position of the trip cam which operates the pump lever relative to the pile, which may be effected by inserting a distance piece under the bottom of the piston rod.

B way of example two hammers embodying constructional forms of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a hammer in the plane I-I of either Fig. 3 or Fig. 4.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the same hammer in the plane II-II of either Fig. 3 or Fig. 4.

Fig. 3 is a cross section in the plane III-III of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a plan on the plane IV-IV of Fig. 2.

Reference l denotes the hammer cylinder which surrounds the piston 2 and the piston rod 3 and which forms the ram that reciprocates relative to the piston. The piston rod rests on the pile or object to be struck and thus the piston remains stationary relative to the pile or object.

Mounted inside or attached to the piston is the operating mechanism comprising fuel injectors 4 and 4a,

fuel pumps

5 and 5a, and pump levers 6 and 6a, which supply fuel from a fuel tank I through a pipe line 8 to the upper and lower combustion chambers 9 and I0 respectively. Longitudinal slots II in the cylinder, greater in length than its length of stroke, serve as inlet and exhaust ports and allow for projection of the pump levers B and 6a, and for a detachable bracket [2 which supports the fuel tank. Trip cams l3 and I30. on the cylinder adjacent the slots operate the pump levers 6 and 6a respectively as the cylinder reciprocates. The length of stroke of the cylinder is controlled by a manually operated control lead l4 attached to the fuel pump.

[5 denotes an anvil which is attached to the pile by means of lugs l 6 to provide additional reaction to the upward thrust when the hammer is used as a double-acting pile hammer. The anvil is non-rigidly attached to the piston 2 and piston rod 3 by means of a stud l1 and a tie I8.

The operation of the hammer is as follows:

Single-action will be described first for clarity, and because this will be the usual order in the case of pile driving where there may not be sufficient reaction to the upward thrust of doubleacting until the pile has developed some friction in the ground, and the length of stroke is therefore limited at the start of driving to prevent double-action,

As the cylinder or ram l falls to strike a blow air is entrapped in the upper chamber 9 when the upper ends of the slots ll pass over the wall of the piston 2 and this air is compressed. Towards the end of the blow the trip cam l3 strikes the pump lever B which actuates the plunger of the fuel pump 5 to inject fuel into the upper chamber 9, and the mixture of fuel and air in the said chamber ignites whereupon the cylinder or ram I is again raised and the cycle repeats.

Double-action is brought about by increasing the length of stroke of the cylinder or ram I so that on the up stroke air is then entrapped in the lower chamber 10 when the lower ends of the slots I! pass over the Wall of the piston 2 and this air is compressed. Towards the end of the up stroke the trip cam 13a strikes the pump lever 6a. which actuates the plunger of the fuel pump 5a to inject fuel into the lower chamber I and the mixture of fuel and air in said chamber ignites whereupon the cylinder is forced down and the cycle repeats.

The hammer may be started by raising the cylinder or ram I and dropping, and, in the case of electric ignition, by injecting a charge of lowflash-point fuel and igniting it, or by any of the other starting means known per se.

A sparking plug 15 may be mounted inside the piston and open through the piston head to the upper combustion chamber 9, said plug being connected by an electric lead extending through one of the slots ii in the cylinder to a magneto 20 attached to the piston and tripped by a boss or equivalent on the reciprocating cylinder or ram I. Instead of a magneto an electric battery may be employed.

A duct 2! may be provided leading from the lower chamber 10 to a valve 22 in the top of the cylinder 1 to allow some of the compressed air from the lower chamber I 0 to aid in scouring the upper combustion chamber 9.

The hammer may be adapted for use as a pile extractor by providing lugs 23 on the cylinder to engage and strike upward blows on links attached to the pile. The Cylinder or ram may be cushioned and prevented from striking a blow on the down stroke by altering the position of the trip cam !3 relative to the pile; this can be done by inserting a distance piece 24 under the bottom of the piston rod 3.

Sealing rings are provided on the piston and in the bushing surrounding the piston rod.

I claim:

1. In a hammer of the type which is operated as a fuel injection internal combustion engine and which comprises a piston and piston rod structure stationary in relation to and supported by the object to be struck, and a cylinder which reciprocates longitudinally with respect to the piston and piston rod structure and forms the ram that strikes the blows, the combination of a fuel injection pump mounted on the piston and piston rod structure below the top of the piston andat a distance from the bottom of said structure greater than the length of the stroke of the cylinder, said cylinder having a, longitudinal slot, pump operating means mounted on said structure and projecting through said slot, a member on said reciprocating cylinder co-acting with said means, a fuel supply line to the pump passing through the slot in said cylinder, 2. control lead for said fuel injection pump terminating at one end at a control position and extending into the slot in said cylinder and terminating at the other end at said pump operating means.

2. A hammer according to claim 1, including an electric ignition means for controlling said pump operating means.

3. A hammer according to claim 1, including a distance piece inserted under the bottom of the rod of the piston and the piston rod structure.

4. In a power driven hammer of the type which is operated as a fuel injection internal combustion engine and which comprises a hammer including a piston and piston rod stationary in relation to and supported by the object to be struck, and a reciprocating cylinder which reciprocates longitudinally with respect to the piston and piston rod and constitutes a ram which strikes the impact blows, a mounting for a fuel injection pump supported on a part of the hammer which is stationary and independent of any portion of the hammer which receives or imparts impact blows, said mounting being disposed below the top of the piston and at a distance from the point of impact greater than the length of the stroke of the cylinder, and a memher on the reciprocating cylinder for actuating the pump.

5. In a power driven hammer of the type which is operated as a fuel injection internal combustion engine and which comprises a hammer including a piston and piston rod stationary in relation to and supported by the object to be struck, and a reciprocating cylinder which reciprocates longitudinally with respect to the piston and piston rod and constitutes a ram which strikes the impact blows, the combination of a fuel injection pump mounted on. the piston in a position below the top of the piston and at a distance from the point of impact greater than the length of the stroke'of the cylinder, and a member on the reciprocating cylinder co-acting with the said fuel injection pump.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,158,839 Pierce Nov. 2, 1915 2,093,634 Cordes Sept..21,193'7 2,140,205 Haage Dec. 13, .1938 2,167,983 Kiecksee Aug. v1, 1939 2,203,384 Douglas June 4, 1940 2,208,730 Pfeifier July 23, 1940 2,273,095 Fitch Feb. 17, 1942