US2689195A - Process for treating synthetic textiles - Google Patents

Process for treating synthetic textiles Download PDF

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Publication number
US2689195A
US2689195A US269343A US26934352A US2689195A US 2689195 A US2689195 A US 2689195A US 269343 A US269343 A US 269343A US 26934352 A US26934352 A US 26934352A US 2689195 A US2689195 A US 2689195A
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United States
Prior art keywords
textile
acrylonitrile
copolymers
polymers
sulfate
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US269343A
Inventor
Martone John Donald
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Priority to US269343A priority Critical patent/US2689195A/en
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/184Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • D06M13/192Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/184Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • D06M13/188Monocarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S8/00Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
    • Y10S8/21Nylon

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for treating textiles composed of polymers and copolymers of acrylonitrile. More particularly, it relates to a process for treating textiles such as the filaments, fibers, yarns, staple, fabrics, and the like, of polymers and copolymers of acrylonitrile to permit uniform darkening when they are exposed to an elevated temperature.
  • a further object is to produce a textile such as a filament, fiber, yarn, staple, fabric, or the like, of polymers and copolymers of acrylonitrile which darkens uniformly on exposure to an elevated temperature.
  • the objects of the present invention are accomplished by subjecting the textile such as the filament, fiber, yarn, staple, fabric, or the like, to a treatment comprising the following steps:
  • the textile of polymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile may be subjected to an elevated temperature without streaking due to non-uniform darkening.
  • the material darkened appreciably. However, this darkening is uniform, free from filling barre, warp streaks, and the like.
  • a textile of polymer of acrylonitrile is meant the filament, fiber, yarn, staple, fabric, and the like, produced by extrusion of polymerized acrylonitrile, such as is illustrated in United States Patent No. 2,404,714 to Latham dated July 23, 1946.
  • copolymers of acrylonitrile, wherein the acrylonitrile comprises about 35% or more are likewise suitable.
  • the copolymerizable compounds which may be mertioned as being suitable are methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, methyl vinyl ketone, vinyl pyridine, etc.
  • Such copolymeric materials and others are shown in United States Patents Nos. 2,436,926 to Jacobson, dated March 2, 1948, and 2,49lfl7i to Arnold, dated December 20, 1949.
  • oxalic acid As the low molecular weight aliphatic carboxylic acid, other such water-soluble organic acids may be used as well. Among these may be mentioned formic, propionic and acetic. Oxalic acid is preferred since it appears to give optimum results under the conditions outlined. Acid concentrations will vary somewhat, depending on the acid. A 1% to 2% solution has been found eifective for oxalic acid.
  • filament yarn or from spun yarn of staple or from mixtures of these yarns While the invention is primarily concerned with fabrics of polymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile, it is also useful and period of scouring will b governed by the type of finish and the effectiveness of the detergent used.
  • the boiling-off step in the acid and aliphatic alcohol sulfate is usually acaqueous solution. he lower concenable. No deleterious effects result from extended periods of contact.
  • the rinsing step can be accomplished by any conventional method, such as immersion, spraying, or the like.
  • the wash water may be reis not in excess of 300 F.
  • a process for the treatment of a textile comprising a member of the group consisting of 7.
  • a process for the treatment of a nitrile textile which comprises the steps of scouris thereafter uniformly darkened by subjecting it C. for about 3 References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,404,357 Bechtold July 23, 1946 2,431,956 Moody Dec. 2, 1947 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 905,038 France Nov. 22, 1945

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Description

stances with which the Patented Sept. 14, 1954 tans PROCESS FOR TREATING SYNTHETIC TEXTILES John Donald Martone, Wilmington, Del., assignor to E. I. du Pont Wilmington, DeL,
de Nemours and Company, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application January 31, 1952, Serial No. 269,343
Claims.
This invention relates to a method for treating textiles composed of polymers and copolymers of acrylonitrile. More particularly, it relates to a process for treating textiles such as the filaments, fibers, yarns, staple, fabrics, and the like, of polymers and copolymers of acrylonitrile to permit uniform darkening when they are exposed to an elevated temperature.
It is a matter of common knowledge that textiles, such as the filaments, fibers, yarns, staple, fabrics, and the like, produced from polymers and copolymers of acrylonitrile darken when they are exposed to an elevated temperature. Fur thermore, it has been observed that this darkening is not uniform. In the case of fabrics, warp streaks, filling barre, and the like result, which in many instances destroy the commercial value of the material. The temperatures experienced upon exposure to the weather, as for instance upon awnings, auto tops, and the like, as well as those due to frictional sources, as upon machinery drive belts, and the like, have been found to produce the unsightly effect.
It is an object of this invention to provide a process for the treatment of textiles such as filaments, fibers, yarns, staple, fabrics, and the like, of polymers and copolymers of acrylonitrile which will eliminate the variable darkening tendency on exposure to an elevated temperature.
A further object is to produce a textile such as a filament, fiber, yarn, staple, fabric, or the like, of polymers and copolymers of acrylonitrile which darkens uniformly on exposure to an elevated temperature. 7
These and other objects will become apparent in the course of the following specification and claims.
The objects of the present invention are accomplished by subjecting the textile such as the filament, fiber, yarn, staple, fabric, or the like, to a treatment comprising the following steps:
1. scouring, with or without a suitable detergent, to remove size, finish material or other subtextile has been coated.
2. Boiling-off in an aqueous solution of a low molecular weight aliphatic carboxylic acid containing minor amounts of a sulfate of a long chain aliphatic alcohol.
3. Rinsing with soft water to remove traces of acid.
After such treatment, the textile of polymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile may be subjected to an elevated temperature without streaking due to non-uniform darkening.
The following example is cited by way of illustration and not by way of limitation.
Example A swatch 12" x 12', woven in a x 82 construction, taffeta pattern from denier continuous filament polyacrylonitrile yarn which contains a coating of gelatin as a size, is secured in a bath containing 0.2% of the sodium sulfate of commercial lauryl alcohol as a detergent. At the end of 30 minutes, the swatch is boiled-off (212 F.) for two hours in an aqueous solution containing 2% oxalic acid and 0.2% of a commercial mixture of a sodium sulfate oi commercial lauryl alcohol. The swatch is then rinsed with soft water until free of residual acid. Thereafter, the fabric is air dried at a temperature of approximately 180 F.
Upon subjecting the swatch to a temperature of 350 F. for 3 minutes, the material darkened appreciably. However, this darkening is uniform, free from filling barre, warp streaks, and the like.
When a swatch of the same material is subjected to heat in accordance with the conditions of the procedure outlined above, without the pretreatment described, a non-uniform darkening is observed showing pronounced short length variations, warp streaks and filling barre.
By a textile of polymer of acrylonitrile is meant the filament, fiber, yarn, staple, fabric, and the like, produced by extrusion of polymerized acrylonitrile, such as is illustrated in United States Patent No. 2,404,714 to Latham dated July 23, 1946. Furthermore, copolymers of acrylonitrile, wherein the acrylonitrile comprises about 35% or more are likewise suitable. Among the copolymerizable compounds which may be mertioned as being suitable are methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, methyl vinyl ketone, vinyl pyridine, etc. Such copolymeric materials and others are shown in United States Patents Nos. 2,436,926 to Jacobson, dated March 2, 1948, and 2,49lfl7i to Arnold, dated December 20, 1949.
While the example cited above illustrates the use of oxalic acid as the low molecular weight aliphatic carboxylic acid, other such water-soluble organic acids may be used as well. Among these may be mentioned formic, propionic and acetic. Oxalic acid is preferred since it appears to give optimum results under the conditions outlined. Acid concentrations will vary somewhat, depending on the acid. A 1% to 2% solution has been found eifective for oxalic acid.
filament yarn or from spun yarn of staple or from mixtures of these yarns. While the invention is primarily concerned with fabrics of polymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile, it is also useful and period of scouring will b governed by the type of finish and the effectiveness of the detergent used.
The boiling-off step in the acid and aliphatic alcohol sulfate is usually acaqueous solution. he lower concenable. No deleterious effects result from extended periods of contact.
The rinsing step can be accomplished by any conventional method, such as immersion, spraying, or the like. The wash water may be reis not in excess of 300 F.
While the specific example has been drawn to the pretreatment of a fabric prior to exposure What is claimed is: 1. A process for the treatment of a textile comrinsing with water.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the low molecular weight aliphatic carboxylic acid is oxalic acid.
4. The process of claim 3 wherein the sulfate of the long chain aliphatic alcohol is the sulfate of a mixture prepared by the hydration of alkenes formed in the cracking of petroleum.
5. The process of claim 3 wherein the sulfate of the long chain aliphatic alcohol is the sulfate of lauryl alcohol.
6. A process for the treatment of a textile comprising a member of the group consisting of 7. The process of claim 6 wherein the textile is a fabric.
8. The process of claim 7 wherein the acid is oxalic and the alcohol is lauryl alcohol.
9. A process for the treatment of a nitrile textile which comprises the steps of scouris thereafter uniformly darkened by subjecting it C. for about 3 References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,404,357 Bechtold July 23, 1946 2,431,956 Moody Dec. 2, 1947 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 905,038 France Nov. 22, 1945

Claims (1)

1. A PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF A TEXTILE COMPRISING A MEMBER OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF POLYMERS AND COPOLYMERS OF ACRYLONITRILE PRIOR TO EXPOSURE TO ELEVATED TEMPERATURES WHICH COMPRISES THE STEPS OF SCOURING THE TEXTILE, CONTACTING IT FOR A PERIOD OF ABOUT ONE HOUR WITH A BOILING AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF A LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT ALIPAHATIC CARBOXYLIC ACID CONTAINING A MINOR AMOUNT OF A SULFATE OF A LONG CHAIN ALIPHATIC ALCOHOL AND RINSING WITH WATER.
US269343A 1952-01-31 1952-01-31 Process for treating synthetic textiles Expired - Lifetime US2689195A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2861864A (en) * 1955-08-23 1958-11-25 American Cyanamid Co Process of bleaching solid gelled acrylonitrile polymers with acidified chlorite and oxalic acid baths
US3359154A (en) * 1961-12-11 1967-12-19 Union Carbide Corp Polyolefin adhesion
US3656883A (en) * 1970-03-09 1972-04-18 Celanese Corp Process for the stabilization of acrylic fibers
US3900618A (en) * 1973-12-13 1975-08-19 American Cyanamid Co Process for reducing pilling tendencies of acrylic fibers and fiber products thereof

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR905038A (en) * 1942-10-21 1945-11-22 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Process for improving the properties of shaped bodies made of polyacrylic acid nitrile and acrylic acid nitrile mixed polymers
US2404357A (en) * 1943-10-25 1946-07-23 Du Pont Coated methyl methacrylate polymer
US2431956A (en) * 1945-05-04 1947-12-02 Du Pont Dyeing articles composed of acrylonitrile polymers

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR905038A (en) * 1942-10-21 1945-11-22 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Process for improving the properties of shaped bodies made of polyacrylic acid nitrile and acrylic acid nitrile mixed polymers
US2404357A (en) * 1943-10-25 1946-07-23 Du Pont Coated methyl methacrylate polymer
US2431956A (en) * 1945-05-04 1947-12-02 Du Pont Dyeing articles composed of acrylonitrile polymers

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2861864A (en) * 1955-08-23 1958-11-25 American Cyanamid Co Process of bleaching solid gelled acrylonitrile polymers with acidified chlorite and oxalic acid baths
US3359154A (en) * 1961-12-11 1967-12-19 Union Carbide Corp Polyolefin adhesion
US3656883A (en) * 1970-03-09 1972-04-18 Celanese Corp Process for the stabilization of acrylic fibers
US3900618A (en) * 1973-12-13 1975-08-19 American Cyanamid Co Process for reducing pilling tendencies of acrylic fibers and fiber products thereof

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