Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23D—BURNERS
  • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
  • F23D11/001—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space spraying nozzle combined with forced draft fan in one unit
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
  • C03C25/10—Coating
  • C03C25/24—Coatings containing organic materials
  • C03C25/26—Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
  • Y10T428/2962—Silane, silicone or siloxane in coating
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
  • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
  • Y10T428/31609—Particulate metal or metal compound-containing
  • Y10T428/31612—As silicone, silane or siloxane

Definitions

• This invention relates to a sizing or coating for glass fibers and particularly to water dispersed compositions for producing coatings on the fibers when grouped in strand or yarn form.
• this fluid should contain adhesive ingredients for binding the individual filaments from one bushing into one strand and this strand must then function as a single thread during the twisting process. If this strand is not well bound, it
• This invention is also applicable to the slivers of staple-type fibers made by gaseous blast attenuation of molten glass.
• a lubricating ingredient in the sizing liquid is thus needed to lubricate the fibers against abrasion from each other in the final yarn, and it should not inhibit the sticking properties of the binding ingredient of the sizing liquid.
• Another object of the invention is to provide a coating to bind the fibers together in strand form prior to twisting without fraying or subdividing before twisting.
• the individual fibers in the strand are provided with a coating comprising a hydrolyzed alkenyl silicone ester combined with one or more film-forming thermoplastic resins, and preferably also including a cationic lubricating agent, all as more particularly defined hereafter.
• hydrolyzed alkenyl silicone ester I mean the true water solutions prepared in accordance with the procedure disclosed in my co-pending application for patent Ser. No. 265,363, filed January '7, 1952.
• the process there disclosed provides for making a true water solution of an alkenyl silicone ester by vigorously stirring the ester in proportions up to thirty parts by weight to one hundred part by weight of the water acidified to a pH of 3 to 4, until a clear homogeneous solution is obtained, this procedure requiring from thirty minutes to as long as six hours.
• Such water solutions of the hydrolyzed esters may be diluted with water to desired concentrations for application.
• alkenyl silicone ester I prefer to use vinyl triethoxy silane, although I may also use other esters, containing the vinyl group, for example, a-chloro-vinyl triethoxy silane, and 5- chloro vinyl triethoxy silane.
• thermoplastic film-forming resin polymer emulsions stable water emulsions which contain a dispersion of polymers, co-polymers or heteropolymers of acrylate or methacrylate, such as ethyl-acrylate, ethyl-methacrylate, methylmethacrylate and butylmethacrylate; styrene; vinyl acetate; vinyl chloride; vinylidene chloride; butadiene; and chemically related polymers.
• These emulsions must be of the cationic or nonionic types and must be staple in the pH range of 2 to 6.
• emulsions may be made by physically dispersing the respective monomers in water under controlled pH conditions and then causing polymerization in the presence of suitable catalysts.
• the process of making the polymer resins is well known in the art, as shown, for example in an article by Mast and Fisher published at page 790 of volume 41 of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry; also in Houwink, Elastomers and Polymers, volume 1, pages 58, 159, 167 to 1'74, published in 1950 by Elsevier Publishing 00., Inc.; also in Wakeman The Chemistry of Commercial Plastics," pages 363 to 368, published by Reinhold Publishing Corporation, in 1947.
• I may optionally include in the size for the glass fibers a lubricatingagent of the cationic type which is commonly used in the textile industry to improve softness and hand of textile fabrics, namely condensation products (amides) of monobasic or dibasic fatty acids and polyethylene amines that have been solubilized with low molecular weight acids such'as acetic, methacrylic, and acrylic acids.
• a lubricatingagent of the cationic type which is commonly used in the textile industry to improve softness and hand of textile fabrics, namely condensation products (amides) of monobasic or dibasic fatty acids and polyethylene amines that have been solubilized with low molecular weight acids such'as acetic, methacrylic, and acrylic acids.
• Example 1 A solution of vinyl triethoxy silane in water (prepared as above described by vigorous. stirring for relatively long times in water adjusted to a pH of 3 to 4 until a clear solution was obtained) was diluted with water so that it cone tained five percent by weight of solid vinyl tri-' ethoxy silane and was then added in equal parts to a nonionic or cationic emulsion of polyvinyl acetate (Swifts Glue-bond or Adhesive 1482) containing percent by weight of solids (polyvinyl acetate), thus providing an aqueous sizing liquid containing 2.5 percent by weight of vinyltriethoxy silane and five percent by weight: of polyvinyl acetate. This sizing liquid was appliedto the fibers at the time of the forming of the strand in accordance with the known procedures for sizing fibers.
• a nonionic or cationic emulsion of polyvinyl acetate Swifts Glue-bond or Adhesive
• Example 2 A sizing liquid was preparedby. adding ten parts by weight of a V percent vinyl triethoxy silane solution to ten parts by weight of a 50 percent water emulsion of polyvinyl 'acetate, and then adding water to give an aqueous composition containing 2 percent solid vinyl triethoxy silane and 5 percent solid polyvinyl acetate. To this liquid was added 0.2. percent by weight of tetra-ethylene pentamine amide of stearic acid solubilized with methacrylic acid.
• the pH of the solution was adjusted to 4.5 by
• Theaqueous lubricating sizing composition was applied to the glass fibers as above described, and dried to form a coating on the fibers.
• Example 3 A sizing liquid was prepared-by adding parts by weight of a 10 percent vinyl triethoxy silane solution to ten parts by weight of a 50 percent emulsion of polyethyl acrylate and enough water to make. one hundred-parts by weight. To this was added .25 percenttriethyl- 4 enetetramine amide of palmitic acid solubilized with acrylic acid, the pH of the final liquid being adjusted to 4.5 with acrylic acid. This sizing composition was applied to the fibers as above described, and dried to form a coating on the fibers.
• Example 4 A water solution'containing two parts by weight of hydrolyzed vinyl triethoxy silane and four parts by weight of polyvinyl pyridine solubilized with acrylic acid, was prepared by mixing the water solutions. This sizing liquid was then applied to the fibers as above described, and dried to yield a coating on the fibers.
• the vinyl triethoxy silane present in my sizing composition is believed to react with the glass fiber surface to produce a modified glass surface capable of reacting with unsaturated or addition type polymers when the glass fibers are used as reinforcement.
• the thermoplastic film-forming polymer binds the fibers together into a strand and permits the glass fibers .to be handled-and processed.
• the film of thermoplastic resin dissolves and permits the vinyl group or alkenyl on the glasssurface to-react with the resins being reinforced.
• a commercially available glass fiber size composed of polyvinyl acetate emulsion (Swift Adhesive No. 1482), a cationic softening agent the treated fibers particularly valuable as reinforcing fibers.
• the sized fibers may be readily handled on the usual textile machinery.
• a method for sizing glass fibers which comprises contacting glass fibers with an aqueous emulsion prepared by adding to a quantity of Water, vinyl alkoxy silane, hydrolyzing the silane at an acid pH to obtain a clear homogeneous solution, forming the emulsion by adding to said solution a film forming emulsified resinous polymer formed from ethylenically unsaturated monomers, which is capable of drying in air to a continuous film, and thereafter drying the glass fibers.
• a composition for sizing glass fibers to improve the adhesion thereto of resinous materials comprising a dilute aqueous emulsion consisting essentially of hydrolyzed vinyl alkoxy silane prepared by hydrolysis at an acid pH and at least one film-forming emulsified resinous polymer formed from ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and which is capable of drying in air to a continuous film.
• a composition for sizing glass fibers to improve the adhesion thereto of resinous materials comprising an aqueous emulsion consisting essentially of a hydrolyzate of vinyl alkoxy silane and a film forming emulsified resinous material selected from the group consisting of methacrylate polymers, vinyl polymers and copolymers and mixtures thereof.
• Glass fiber having on the surface thereof a composition comprising the product of drying on the said surface an aqueous emulsion of hydrolyzed vinyl alkoxy silane prepared by hydrolysis at an acid pH and at least one film-forming emulsified resinous polymer formed from ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and which is capable of drying in air to a continuous film.
• Glass fiber having on the surface thereof a composition comprising the product of drying on the said surface an aqueous emulsion of a hydrolyzate of vinyl alkoxy silane and a film-formin emulsified resinous material selected from the group consisting of methacrylate polymers, vinyl polymers and copolymers and mixtures thereof.
• Glass fibers as defined in claim 14 wherein the silane in said emulsion is vinyl triethoxy silane.
• aqueous emulsion consisting essentially of vinyl triethoxysilane prepared by hydrolysis at an acid pH, a film-forming resinous material selected from the group consisting of methacrylate polymers, vinyl polymers and copolymers and mixtures thereof, and a fiber lubricating agent of the cationic type selected from the group consisting of the condensation products of monobasic fatty acids with polyethylene amine and dibasic fatty acids with polyethylene amine, said condensation products being solubilized with a low molecular weight acid.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Surface Treatment Of Glass Fibres Or Filaments (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=23042707

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Cited By (27)

Citations (3)

• 0
  • BE BE517856D patent/BE517856A/xx unknown
• 1952
  • 1952-02-23 US US273141A patent/US2688007A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1953
  • 1953-02-16 GB GB4209/53A patent/GB760798A/en not_active Expired
  • 1953-02-18 FR FR1070967D patent/FR1070967A/fr not_active Expired
• 1954
  • 1954-10-09 CH CH323859D patent/CH323859A/it unknown

Patent Citations (3)

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