US2677151A - Method of casting wax slabs - Google Patents

Method of casting wax slabs Download PDF

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US2677151A
US2677151A US254682A US25468251A US2677151A US 2677151 A US2677151 A US 2677151A US 254682 A US254682 A US 254682A US 25468251 A US25468251 A US 25468251A US 2677151 A US2677151 A US 2677151A
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Prior art keywords
wax
pan
slab
cooling
slabs
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US254682A
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Leon H Jennings
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ExxonMobil Oil Corp
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Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G73/00—Recovery or refining of mineral waxes, e.g. montan wax
    • C10G73/40—Physical treatment of waxes or modified waxes, e.g. granulation, dispersion, emulsion, irradiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/34—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor movable, e.g. to or from the moulding station
    • B29C33/36—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor movable, e.g. to or from the moulding station continuously movable in one direction, e.g. in a closed circuit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/02—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C39/04—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using movable moulds not applied
    • B29C39/06—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using movable moulds not applied continuously movable, e.g. along a production line
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/22—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C39/38—Heating or cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B29C67/24—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 characterised by the choice of material
    • B29C67/241—Moulding wax
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C5/00—Candles
    • C11C5/02—Apparatus for preparation thereof
    • C11C5/023—Apparatus for preparation thereof by casting or melting in a mould

Definitions

  • This: invention is. directed. to. amethod: for the. ,1
  • oakesor slabs are prepared by a batch method, using an arrangementof: alternating opens-top molds and internally water-- cooled dividers which are assembled. upon. siderods and held together by end-pressure on. the assembly. The melted. wax is poured; into the trough formed by the top of the assembly and.
  • the object of this invention is to; provide: a.
  • pans I, I 1, etc are carried. upon-a chain 2, 2, 2, etc;
  • ASTM melting point is the melting point as determined by ASTM Method D8'7-42, specified by the American Society for Testing Materials, also designated as ASA Method No. Z 11.4-1942 and API No. 513-42.
  • Th temperature of loading should not vary more than minus 2 F. from the specified level.
  • the final temperature to which the wax should be cooled is also a matter of major importance. It should not only be low enough to permit clean dumping of the wax cake or slab, but since the slab is cooled from the outside and the center of the cake is warmest, the cake or slab should not contain enough residual heat to soften up and lose shape or block (adhere to adjacent slabs), after removal from the pans. I have found that this condition can be fulfilled by cooling the cake until its center temperature is at least about 30 F. below the ASTM melting point. This temperature can be taken by inserting thermometers from time to time in individual cakes as a check, but in actual operating practise is handled by holding the temperature and rate of cooling air flow constant and controlling the length of time of exposure of the slabs to this cooling.
  • the rate' of cooling is also of importance. Shock chilling is not a factor since 'I have found that the air maybe as cold as practicable, even 5 F., so long as even air flow and exposure of the slabs thereto is provided. In some instances it may be necessary to protect a portion of the cooling cycle, such as the portion found at the lower right hand end of the diagram, from too vigorous air flow.
  • the object is to secure a uniform rate of cooling throughout the entire chain pass. With such uniform cooling, although the center of the slab will of course cool more slowly than the outside, fairly uniform conditions within the slab will be gotten if the time of cooling is proper. This of course depends not so much upon the temperature of the cooling air as it does upon the nature of the Wax itself as a heat transfer medium.
  • the time of cooling should be of the order of 135 to 150 minutes. Expressed in rate, the cooling should be from not less than about 2 minutes per degree F. to not more than about 3.5 minutes per degree F.
  • the improvement which comprises loading the wax into the pan at a temperature not less than about 20 F. above its ASTM melting point, cooling the wax slowly to a temperature at the center of the slab which is not above about 30 F. below the ASTM melting point of the wax, and dumping the slab.
  • the improvement which comprises loading the waxinto the pan at a temperature not less than about 20 F. above its ASTM melting point, cooling the wax slowly during a time of from about to about minutes to a temperature at the center of the slab which is not, above about 30 F. below the ASTM melting point of the wax, and dumping the slab.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Description

y 4, 1954 H. JENNINGS METHOD OF CASTING WAX SLABS Filed Nov. 5, 1951 m U i E m Fall}? n m N i I I I l l WWW Qt" L INVENTOR.
Mon 15. JIM/1m .5 BY 2 7 Patented May 4, 1954 STATES} ENT OFFICE METHOD 0F" GASTING' 'WAX SIiABS Leon. H. Jennings; Beaumont-flex, assign'on to: Socony-Vacuum Oil Company Incorporated,- New York, N; Y'., a. corporation 01 New- York. ApplicationeNoveinlier 3, 1951 serial Nor- 254,682
This: invention is. directed. to. amethod: for the. ,1
production of para fiin; waxes inslab form.
On'exnorma-l form in which parafiin wax is-prepared for distribtution to the trade-is in a. slab, or cake-weighing about eleven pounds, Whichis about 1 8 inches. by 11 inches and: about 1 /2. inches thick.
Usually these oakesor slabs are prepared by a batch method, using an arrangementof: alternating opens-top molds and internally water-- cooled dividers which are assembled. upon. siderods and held together by end-pressure on. the assembly. The melted. wax is poured; into the trough formed by the top of the assembly and.
fills. the mold. and is cooled therein by waterpassed through the dividers. After cooling, the
waxremaining above the top of the moldsis out: or scraped oif, the. assembly isloosened andthe,
cakes are removed. Thismethod. involves avery considerable amount of hand-labor and handling of cakes. i
There has now been applied to: this problem a process of continuous molding: in pans adapted from a. somewhat analogous industry.
The object of this invention is to; provide: a.
proper control for this operation, as will be ex- Dlained in detail herein.
In order to understa-nd the operatiomreferenee is now made-to the drawing which accompanies; and is-made a. part of this specification. Iihis; drawing shows, in highly diagrammatic. form;
the process of slab casting. A seriesof'. pans I, I 1, etc, are carried. upon-a chain 2, 2, 2, etc;
Thesepansare. of the proper size for-the desired: wax slabs, and arecloselyspacedzuponthesidei chains and arranged in transversesgangs of six pans, side by side. At the left hand end of the lowesnpass. off-the chaimpthe'ypa's's under a depositor, consisting .of a hoppers and. a transverse series of piston type feeders 4, whereby a measu'red'arnount of moltenwax is withdrawn from hopper 3 and deposited in each pan. Passing to the right, the-pans enter into'a cooled:,en=- closure designated by dottedlines I 5, wherein'they' 5 Claims. (01. ital-58) one-side; or. the: cooler: enclosure: andzblown transversely .therethroughi.
Emerging from. the cooler: 5,:Iat hand endin. the: diagram; the pans are passed throughanz upsetting turnand putinto-an upside down; position in the: chain. passindicated by 6..
This upsettingresultsin the dropping-of the wax:-
slab- 1 which throughthe agency of'conveyors. 8i
and 9, associated with the upsetting;orjdischarger;
mechanism, is finally placed: inposition: on discharge conveyor H by which; itis withdrawn laterally from; the slab-hing machine;
temperature and airrate'in the cooling: chamber and to vary the rate ofcooling when necessary by varying the conveyor.- speed and; hencethey residence time of the pans; within the.v cooling. chamber; a
This. equipment. is' essentially the" same an is Y usedin vslabbingcc'hocoi'ate,;etc;, and. as such forms.
no part of this invention.
The present requirements for cake. wax, particuiarly paraffin require careful attention to appearance. The surface of the cake must 'be iclean.
and free from ripples and bumps and the cake should show nolamination nor broken edges. Even more: important, its surfaces should be cleanly formed and as nearly as possible at right angles to each other for economy and ease in packaging. This last requires that. the pans be 7 formed with. a veryminimumof taper or draft? and giv s rise to a problem in cleanly dumping" the pans; These and other -considerations make it necessary-to closely control the operation as to 'temperat'urea First, as some loading- 0f the pans. Obviously this temperature should" beiicar to the melting point ofthe wax tosave cooling load; I-tcannot be too low. If toolow, it is' found that films of cooler wax-dorm next to the bottom and sides or thep'an, the cakerefuses to dumpcleanly regardi'ess of -final temperature; and also trouble is had with cake lamination, frequently causing scaling of the discharged cake.
I have found that the proper temperature at which the wax, regardless of its melting point, must be loaded to the pan is at 20 F. above its ASTM melting point. (ASTM melting point is the melting point as determined by ASTM Method D8'7-42, specified by the American Society for Testing Materials, also designated as ASA Method No. Z 11.4-1942 and API No. 513-42.)
the upper. left The pans I are then righted. and prior. to: loading. by dis.-
Th temperature of loading should not vary more than minus 2 F. from the specified level.
The final temperature to which the wax should be cooled is also a matter of major importance. It should not only be low enough to permit clean dumping of the wax cake or slab, but since the slab is cooled from the outside and the center of the cake is warmest, the cake or slab should not contain enough residual heat to soften up and lose shape or block (adhere to adjacent slabs), after removal from the pans. I have found that this condition can be fulfilled by cooling the cake until its center temperature is at least about 30 F. below the ASTM melting point. This temperature can be taken by inserting thermometers from time to time in individual cakes as a check, but in actual operating practise is handled by holding the temperature and rate of cooling air flow constant and controlling the length of time of exposure of the slabs to this cooling.
The rate' of cooling is also of importance. Shock chilling is not a factor since 'I have found that the air maybe as cold as practicable, even 5 F., so long as even air flow and exposure of the slabs thereto is provided. In some instances it may be necessary to protect a portion of the cooling cycle, such as the portion found at the lower right hand end of the diagram, from too vigorous air flow. The object is to secure a uniform rate of cooling throughout the entire chain pass. With such uniform cooling, although the center of the slab will of course cool more slowly than the outside, fairly uniform conditions within the slab will be gotten if the time of cooling is proper. This of course depends not so much upon the temperature of the cooling air as it does upon the nature of the Wax itself as a heat transfer medium. I have found that for wax slabs of conventional size, cooled from at least F. above their ASTM melting point to at least 30 F. below their ASTM melting point, the time of cooling should be of the order of 135 to 150 minutes. Expressed in rate, the cooling should be from not less than about 2 minutes per degree F. to not more than about 3.5 minutes per degree F.
Several examples of successful operation are as follows:
In these operations, clean, sharply formed paraffin wax slabs, without internal laminations and without broken edges, pickouts, or other evidence of poor dumping were made, and dumped with ease.
Neither did the slabs so made show any evidence of blocking or deformation after which were not marketable because of the various defects mentioned.
I claim:
1. In the method of converting paraffin wax into clean, sharply-formed paraffin wax slabs, substantially without internal laminations and broken edges, which includes depositing parafiin wax in a mold pan, moving the pan through a cooling chamber and discharging a solidified wax slab from the pan, the improvement, which comprises loading the wax into the pan at a temperature not less than about 20 F. above its ASTM melting point, cooling the wax slowly to a temperature at the center of the slab which is not above about 30 F. below the ASTM melting point of the wax, and dumping the slab.
2. In the method of converting paraffin wax into clean, sharply-formed paraffin wax slabs, substantially without internal laminations and broken edges, which includes depositing paraffin wax in a mold pan, moving the pan through a cooling chamber and discharging a solidified wax slab from the pan, the improvement which comprises loading the waxinto the pan at a temperature not less than about 20 F. above its ASTM melting point, cooling the wax slowly during a time of from about to about minutes to a temperature at the center of the slab which is not, above about 30 F. below the ASTM melting point of the wax, and dumping the slab.
3. In the method of converting parafiin wax into clean, sharply-formed parailin Wax slabs, substantially without internal lamination and broken edges, which includes depositing paraffin wax in a mold pan, moving the pan through a cooling chamber and discharging a solidified wax slab from the pan, the improvement which comprises loading the wax into the pan at a tempera ture not less than about 2 0 F. above its ASTM melting point, cooling the wax slowly at a rate ranging from not less than about 2 minutes per degree F. to not more than about 3.5 minutes per degree F. to a temperature at the center of the slab which is not above about 30 F. below the ASTM melting point of the wax, and dumping the slab.
4. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein a chain of mold pans are conveyed continuously chain-0f mold pans are conveyed continuously through the wax depositing station, thence through the cooling chamber and thence through the slab dumping station. 7
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS

Claims (1)

1. IN THE METHOD OF CONVERTING PARAFFIN WAX INTO CLEAN, SHARPLY-FORMED PARAFFIN WAX SLABS, SUBSTANTIALLY WITHOUT INTERNAL LAMINATIONS AND BROKEN EDGES, WHICH INCLUDES DEPOSITING PARAFFIN WAX IN A MOLD PAN, MOVING THE PAN THROUGH A COOLING CHAMBER AND DISCHARGING A SOLIDIFIED WAX SLAB FROM THE PAN, THE IMPROVEMENT WHICH COMPRISES LOADING THE WAX INTO THE PAN AT A TEMPERA-
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2709278A (en) * 1951-11-03 1955-05-31 Greer J W Co Method of moulding wax
US2988586A (en) * 1954-10-14 1961-06-13 Yardney International Corp Electric storage batteries
US3154498A (en) * 1960-12-06 1964-10-27 Calgon Corp Water treating composition
US3189947A (en) * 1963-03-11 1965-06-22 Frank A Pettkoske Mold assembly for making chemical spheres
US3263273A (en) * 1961-04-07 1966-08-02 Blendax Werke Schneider Co Arrangement of hinged molds for wax-like solids
US3408436A (en) * 1963-03-26 1968-10-29 Colgate Palmolive Co Method for making composite die
US5682758A (en) * 1994-05-10 1997-11-04 Petro Source Refining Partners Method and apparatus for cooling asphalt

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US22921A (en) * 1859-02-08 Improvement in molding paraffins candles
US1658062A (en) * 1926-03-15 1928-02-07 United Shoe Machinery Corp Carnauba wax and the preparation thereof
US2476710A (en) * 1945-11-09 1949-07-19 Bennett Inc Wax slabbing apparatus

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US22921A (en) * 1859-02-08 Improvement in molding paraffins candles
US1658062A (en) * 1926-03-15 1928-02-07 United Shoe Machinery Corp Carnauba wax and the preparation thereof
US2476710A (en) * 1945-11-09 1949-07-19 Bennett Inc Wax slabbing apparatus

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2709278A (en) * 1951-11-03 1955-05-31 Greer J W Co Method of moulding wax
US2988586A (en) * 1954-10-14 1961-06-13 Yardney International Corp Electric storage batteries
US3154498A (en) * 1960-12-06 1964-10-27 Calgon Corp Water treating composition
US3263273A (en) * 1961-04-07 1966-08-02 Blendax Werke Schneider Co Arrangement of hinged molds for wax-like solids
US3189947A (en) * 1963-03-11 1965-06-22 Frank A Pettkoske Mold assembly for making chemical spheres
US3408436A (en) * 1963-03-26 1968-10-29 Colgate Palmolive Co Method for making composite die
US5682758A (en) * 1994-05-10 1997-11-04 Petro Source Refining Partners Method and apparatus for cooling asphalt

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