US2668930A - Protective system - Google Patents
Protective system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2668930A US2668930A US190692A US19069250A US2668930A US 2668930 A US2668930 A US 2668930A US 190692 A US190692 A US 190692A US 19069250 A US19069250 A US 19069250A US 2668930 A US2668930 A US 2668930A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- resistor
- temperature
- cathodes
- resistance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/56—One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the lamp
Definitions
- My invention relates to protective systems and, more particularly, to electric circuits for protecting thermionic cathodes of electron discharge devices.
- An object of my invention is to provide a new and improved electrical circuit for protecting thermionic cathodes of electron discharge devices.
- Another object of my invention is to provide a new and improved circuit for controlling the electron-emission from thermionic cathodes, especially during the warm-up period of the cathode.
- a further object of my invention is to provide a new and improved circuit for protecting thermionic cathodes during the warm-up period and also for reducing the time required for the cathode to be brought up to normal operating temperature.
- a still further object of my invention is to provide a new and improved circuit for controlling the current to electrical devices having temperature varying characteristics.
- I employ a resistor which has a negative temperature-resistance coefficient, 1. e., the resistance varies inversely with the temperature.
- This resistor is connected to a device so as to limit the current thereto until the temperature of the resistor exceeds a determinable value.
- the resistor is physically located in close relation to the device such that the resistance of the resistor is directly dependent upon the temperature of the device.
- the circuit is arranged to protect a directly heated cathode, while in another embodiment it is arranged to protect an indirectly heated cathode.
- a circuit arrangement employing a pair of resistors having negative temperature-resistance characteristics.
- This circuit employs one resistor to protect the cathode in the same manner as do the resistors of the first two embodiments and the other resistor is used to limit the heating current when the temperature of the cathode exceeds a predetermined value.
- the resistors are mounted near to the cathode such that the temperature of the cathode controls the temperature and, hence, the resistance of the resistors.
- a fluorescent lamp I is provided with a hermetically sealed envelope 2, a pair of heating filaments 3 and 4, and a pair of electron emission surfaces, hereinafter called cathodes, 5 and 6.
- a protective resistor 1 is serially connected between cathode 6 and one terminal of a source of alternating voltage.
- a ballast reactor 8 is connected between cathode 6 and the source of alternating power for reasons Well known in the art and cathode 5 is directly connected to another terminal of said source of alternating power.
- a protective impedance 1 is serially connected between the source of power and one of these cathodes. Resistor 1 is physically positioned close to heating filament 4 such that it derives its temperature from the same source as does cathode 6. Resistor I has a high negative temperature-resistance coefiicient, which causes resistor I to have a high resistance when it is cold and to have a low resistance when it is heated.
- resistor I While cathode 6 and, hence, resistor 1 is at a relatively low temperature, resistor I has a high value which necessarily limits the current to cathode 6 and, consequently, prevents a discharge between cathode 5 and cathode 6. As the temperature of the cathodes increases to the normal operating level, the resistance of resistor I suddenly changes from a very high resistance value which would not permit a discharge between cathodes 5 and 6 to a very low resistance which does not interfere with the passage of normal lamp current. Thus, in starting, the lamp is prevented from operating until its cathode is at a suitable temperature and automatic protection against cold starting is provided. I Referring particularly to Fig. 2, a portion of a fluorescent tube employing a directly heated cathode 9 is shown.
- a protective resistor ll! of the same type of material as resistor 1 is serially connected between cathode 9 and a source of alternating voltage.
- Resistor II] is located in close physical relation to cathode 9 such that the temperature and, hence, the resistance of resistor I0 is directly dependent upon the temperature of cathode 9. In this arrangement, cold starting of the fluorescent lamp is avoided because emission cannot occur from cathode 9 until resistor H! has been heated to a predetermined value.
- an electron discharge device I l which contains an ionizable medium, and which is known in the art as a thyratron, is provided with an indirectly heated cathode l2.
- Cathode I2 is heated by a conventional filament l3 and a pair of resistors l4 and I5 are located.
Landscapes
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
Description
Feb. 9, 1954 C. G. SUITS PROTECTIVE SYSTEM Filed Oct. 18, 1950 Fig. 8
Fig.2.
JOURCFOF ALI'fRN/lT/NG v V V V SOURCE In ven tor": Chauncey Gsuits,
is r w 4 y His Att zi rfe y.
Patented Feb. 9, 1954 PROTECTIVE SYSTEM Chauncey G. Suits, Schenectady, N. Y., assignor to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York Application October 18, 1950, Serial No. 190,692
4 Claims.
My invention relates to protective systems and, more particularly, to electric circuits for protecting thermionic cathodes of electron discharge devices.
An object of my invention is to provide a new and improved electrical circuit for protecting thermionic cathodes of electron discharge devices.
Another object of my invention is to provide a new and improved circuit for controlling the electron-emission from thermionic cathodes, especially during the warm-up period of the cathode.
A further object of my invention is to provide a new and improved circuit for protecting thermionic cathodes during the warm-up period and also for reducing the time required for the cathode to be brought up to normal operating temperature.
A still further object of my invention is to provide a new and improved circuit for controlling the current to electrical devices having temperature varying characteristics.
In the attainment of the foregoing objects, I employ a resistor which has a negative temperature-resistance coefficient, 1. e., the resistance varies inversely with the temperature. This resistor is connected to a device so as to limit the current thereto until the temperature of the resistor exceeds a determinable value. The resistor is physically located in close relation to the device such that the resistance of the resistor is directly dependent upon the temperature of the device. In one embodiment, the circuit is arranged to protect a directly heated cathode, while in another embodiment it is arranged to protect an indirectly heated cathode.
In a third embodiment, there is shown a circuit arrangement employing a pair of resistors having negative temperature-resistance characteristics. This circuit employs one resistor to protect the cathode in the same manner as do the resistors of the first two embodiments and the other resistor is used to limit the heating current when the temperature of the cathode exceeds a predetermined value. In all of these embodiments, the resistors are mounted near to the cathode such that the temperature of the cathode controls the temperature and, hence, the resistance of the resistors.
While the invention is described as applied to protection of cathodes employed in ionic atmospheres, it is to'be understood that it is not limited to such application, as the disclosure in this respect is merely illustrative for purposes of explaining the inventive concept.
For further objects and advantages and for a better understanding of my invention, attention is now directed to the following description and accompanying drawing and also to the appended claims. In the drawing, Figs. 1, 2 and 3 are separate embodiments of my invention.
Referring particularly to Fig. 1, a fluorescent lamp I is provided with a hermetically sealed envelope 2, a pair of heating filaments 3 and 4, and a pair of electron emission surfaces, hereinafter called cathodes, 5 and 6. A protective resistor 1 is serially connected between cathode 6 and one terminal of a source of alternating voltage. A ballast reactor 8 is connected between cathode 6 and the source of alternating power for reasons Well known in the art and cathode 5 is directly connected to another terminal of said source of alternating power. When power is first supplied to the lamp, it is undersirable for a discharge to occur between cathodes 5 and 6, because emission therefrom before they have been sufliciently heated reduces the life of the cathodes and, consequently, the life of the lamp. To protect these cathodes from emission before they have been sufiiciently heated, a protective impedance 1 is serially connected between the source of power and one of these cathodes. Resistor 1 is physically positioned close to heating filament 4 such that it derives its temperature from the same source as does cathode 6. Resistor I has a high negative temperature-resistance coefiicient, which causes resistor I to have a high resistance when it is cold and to have a low resistance when it is heated. While cathode 6 and, hence, resistor 1 is at a relatively low temperature, resistor I has a high value which necessarily limits the current to cathode 6 and, consequently, prevents a discharge between cathode 5 and cathode 6. As the temperature of the cathodes increases to the normal operating level, the resistance of resistor I suddenly changes from a very high resistance value which would not permit a discharge between cathodes 5 and 6 to a very low resistance which does not interfere with the passage of normal lamp current. Thus, in starting, the lamp is prevented from operating until its cathode is at a suitable temperature and automatic protection against cold starting is provided. I Referring particularly to Fig. 2, a portion of a fluorescent tube employing a directly heated cathode 9 is shown. A protective resistor ll! of the same type of material as resistor 1 is serially connected between cathode 9 and a source of alternating voltage. Resistor II] is located in close physical relation to cathode 9 such that the temperature and, hence, the resistance of resistor I0 is directly dependent upon the temperature of cathode 9. In this arrangement, cold starting of the fluorescent lamp is avoided because emission cannot occur from cathode 9 until resistor H! has been heated to a predetermined value.
Referring to Fig. 3, an electron discharge device I l, which contains an ionizable medium, and which is known in the art as a thyratron, is provided with an indirectly heated cathode l2. Cathode I2 is heated by a conventional filament l3 and a pair of resistors l4 and I5 are located.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US190692A US2668930A (en) | 1950-10-18 | 1950-10-18 | Protective system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US190692A US2668930A (en) | 1950-10-18 | 1950-10-18 | Protective system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2668930A true US2668930A (en) | 1954-02-09 |
Family
ID=22702369
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US190692A Expired - Lifetime US2668930A (en) | 1950-10-18 | 1950-10-18 | Protective system |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2668930A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2971160A (en) * | 1958-11-25 | 1961-02-07 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Anode current regulation |
US4516054A (en) * | 1981-07-31 | 1985-05-07 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Lamp protection arrangement |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2177695A (en) * | 1936-04-24 | 1939-10-31 | Gen Electric | Gaseous electric discharge arc lamp |
US2247198A (en) * | 1938-02-04 | 1941-06-24 | Gen Electric | Electric mixed light lamp with mercury pressure discharge for alternating current circuits |
-
1950
- 1950-10-18 US US190692A patent/US2668930A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2177695A (en) * | 1936-04-24 | 1939-10-31 | Gen Electric | Gaseous electric discharge arc lamp |
US2247198A (en) * | 1938-02-04 | 1941-06-24 | Gen Electric | Electric mixed light lamp with mercury pressure discharge for alternating current circuits |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2971160A (en) * | 1958-11-25 | 1961-02-07 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Anode current regulation |
US4516054A (en) * | 1981-07-31 | 1985-05-07 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Lamp protection arrangement |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US2181294A (en) | Electric discharge lamp | |
US2668930A (en) | Protective system | |
US2481003A (en) | Protective arrangement for switch contacts | |
US2110690A (en) | Electric circuit interrupter | |
US2321910A (en) | Time delay glow switch | |
US2286800A (en) | Time relay for fluorescent lamps | |
US2793331A (en) | Semi-conductive devices | |
US3930183A (en) | Incandescent lamps having protection against voltage surges | |
US2100195A (en) | Electric discharge apparatus | |
US2090365A (en) | Motor ignition apparatus | |
US2010879A (en) | Gaseous electric discharge device | |
US2650278A (en) | Glow type thermal switch | |
US2272486A (en) | Gaseous discharge device and electrode assembly for use therein | |
US2394436A (en) | Starting control for electric discharge device | |
US2660692A (en) | High-pressure discharge lamp | |
US2784347A (en) | Electric high pressure discharge lamps | |
US2081801A (en) | Incandescent electric lamp | |
US2351499A (en) | Discharge lamp starting circuit | |
US2776391A (en) | Induction lamp | |
US2304613A (en) | Delayed operation circuit | |
US2736842A (en) | Circuit comprising an arc-discharge tube | |
US2475309A (en) | Electric temperature control | |
US2359545A (en) | Circuit for electric discharge devices | |
US2187774A (en) | Electric discharge lamp adapted for use as source in optical projection apparatus | |
US2313744A (en) | Starting kelay ctecutt for fluores |