US2667879A - Apparatus for implanting hair in manikins, dolls, and the like - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 2, 1954 J. J. MANN ET AL 2,667,879

APPARATUS FOR IMPLANTING HAIR IN MANIKINS, DOLLS. AND THE LIKE Filed Oct. 29. 1949 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTORS JOHN J. MANN By mes A. McDONNELL ATTORNEY Feb. 2, 1954 MANN ET AL 2,667,879

J. J. APPARATUS FOR IMPLANTING HAIR IN MANIKINS, DOLLS, AND THE LIKE Filed Oct. 29, 1949 6. Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG. FIG I2 1-76.13

3 INVENTORS 39b 94 JOHN J. MANN y JAMES A. M ONNELL A TTORNE Y Feb. 2, 1954 J. J. MANN ET AL APPARATUS FOR IMPLANTING HAIR IN MANIKINS, DOLLS, AND THE LIKE Filed 001.. 29, 1949 e Sheets-Sheet :s'

. INVENTORS JOHN J. MANN y A-MCDONNELI. fl w ATTORNEY 1954 J. J. MANN ET AL 2,667,879

APPARATUS FOR IMPLANTING HAIR IN MANIKINS, DOLLS, AND THE LIKE Filed Oct. 29, 1949 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 i. INVENTORS 8.5 96 89 JOHN J. MANN JAMES A. He oo/wa'u ATTORNEY Feb. 2, 1954 J. J. MANN ET AL 2,667,879

APPARATUS FOR IMPLANTING HAIR IN MANIKINS, DOLLS, AND THE LIKE Filed Oct. 29, 1949 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 /35 m ax lzs INVENTORS JOI-IN J. MANN .Mncs A. M: oamvuz Feb. 2, 1954 J J MANN ETAL APPARATUS FOR IMPLANTING HAIR IN MANIKINS, DOLLS, AND THE LIKE Filed Oct. 29, 1949 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 FIG. /7

mmmmm /L JOHN J. MANN Y JAMES A. M: DONNELL.

1 rraRNs Y Patented Feb. 2, 1954 APRARA'EUS VEQB ANTDIG N .MANFKFN .PQP HEPIKE o J- Mann Milwa Wis, and James A- McDonnell, New

Xork, N. Y., assignors to mmimrN-err Applicationoctober. 29, 1949, Serial No. 124,305

The present invention relates to a machine for implanting human, animal Orartif cal hair into the scalp area of dolls, manikins, hairdressers models and the like, or into the body of toy animals, or more generally for inserting any stranded material, such as, hair, fibfjes, yarns, threads, etc., into any yieldable body or substance.

Heretofore, it was customary to apply the hair to dolls or manikins in the form of wigs. These wigs were made ,separately, with thehair woven, sewn, ventilated or glued onto a cloth or netting foundation; it has also been proposed t m ake such wigs upon an el astic rubber skull piece. The wigs were then glued upon the head of the dolls or manikins, or they were formed in such manher as to remain in position upon the head by virtue of the elasticity of the foundation which frictionally engaged the head.

The resulting effect of such wigs, vmade i n any of the aforedescribed manners, is n from satisfactory in that they fail to'achieve theinatu'ral appearance of hair growing".normally.from the scalp. The hair line of avwig is hardandgartificial in appearance, and there is .no similarity ,between the scalp area of a wig andthat of a human scalp. These facts prevent the'ha'ir' of .such dolls or manikins from being parted Iorfdrefssed like that of a person. Another defect o'f'gsnch wigs is that it is diflicult to .wash them and Keep them sanitary without loosening .ithe' v'vig from the head, e'. g. byso'fteninglthe glue .py which it is fastened thereto,' and lwi'thout" .causing deter iorationof thefoundation of the wig.

A further disadvantage of a wig is that, in any attempt to comb the hair thereof, the edgesdf thewig and ofits foundation or. skullpiecefeause the teeth of the comb to be caught, thus leading to a tearing of the foundationhl oss of hair and eventual destruction of the wig during normal hairdressing operations. Ordinary combing to the foundationis not possible withoutloosening the weft, tearing the'foundationor opening the sewing stitches by whichthe h'airis fastened to the foundation.

In co-pending applications SerialNos. 143 712, filed April 24, 19, 7, and 30,152, filed March 8, 1949, .both now abandoned, and Patent No. 2,253,635 there have been disclosed methodsof manually implanting hair into the scalp 'or'tbgdy of dolls, etc.

An object of thepresent inventionis to provide a machine for quickly, cheaply andefiiciently performing v the impaling steps.

Another object of ourinvention is to provide a .machine for .impaling hair intothe 'slgnllfor 2 body of a doll, manikin, toy animalor the like on a mass production basis.

A further object of this invention is toprovide a machine having means for implanting a .rela tively large number of strands of hair at closely spaced locations into a body or skull element in a single operating cycle.

Still a other Qbiecto th i ven is to p ovide amachine having means forsimultaneously forming a relatively large number of closely aq dtuft o ha on abc o fi m e men each tuft consisting of a relatively large number of strands of hair.

Inord g i fi th ob e o ,-im n n the st an a sl wly spaced-locati ns he use of a number of relatively thin tools or needles is n ca ed- Les n .mq re o es need es b a w th each m a in .strqkai i re red a th sku lbod piece e.s sne ;io re eiv the h b r idly-submitte a h movements thereof be prevented immediately before and after as well as during its penetration by th -me amine n ed es- .I i th re o e ye a further object of the instant invention to provide, i a mach n 9 th chara t es ribed means for satisfying the above reguirement's.

5. urt e 9 93??? 9 0. 1 i v t on 6. 1 P vi ma h e 9 th c ar cte desc be means for turning aside the strands of hair imnlen di a imr ss iei lrpre d ,im a n Stroke h eby;iirev n in .snia m tb t strands w in .SllPsegiient strokes.

t eeihs nbi to .ihi in e ion i to vide, in a -machine of the character described, means for holding a larg'e number of strands of hair in such ma that Itheywill moreor less automatically position themselves for successive entrainment by the needles and implantation into the surfaced an ai time to be adorned thereby.

It is also anpbject .of our invention to provide, in a :niachine of the Qchara'cter.set ;forth, I automatic'QfeedIrnea'ns' :fori, substai'itially continuously supplying.hairffibrepor'bth strands to" an {implanting inechani Furthermor'itis an object of this invention to ,provide, comb ion with an implanting mechanism and I tic feed .means 't erieer, means ffQr. brush n nibjn 1th. trands. 5 reduce Y their tendency to [tang e, or at during the implanting p gess.

A related object of w the present .inilention is to provide m n othbldinsgth' strandsfdur tension so 'a'sffurther f so therptfigedipg ones, is to provide means for properly coordinating the feeding and implanting operations in a machine of the character described.

The above and other objects of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment, reference being had to the accompanying drawing in which:

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a machine according to the present invention; a

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 but shows the machine at a different stage of operation;

Fig. 3 is a top plan view of'the'machine shown inFigs.1and2; C-

Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the machine;

Fig. 5 is a rear elevation of the machine;

Fig. 6 shows a support for a doll head to be operated upon by the machine illustrated in Figs. 1-5;

Fig. 7 is a top plan view of part of the support shown in Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the part shown in Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig. 6, showing a different type of support;

Fig. 10 is a view similar to Figs. 6 and 9, showing a still further type of support;

Fig. 11 is a side elevtaion, on a larger scale, of the lower extremity of a needle used in the machine of Figs. l-5;

Fig. 12 is a front elevation of the needle portion shown in Fig. 11; V

Fig. 13 is a bottom plan view of the needle;

Fig. 14 is a timing diagram showing the coordination between various elements of the machine;

Fig. 15 is a top plan view of a modified form of machine according to the invention, having means for automatically feeding strands of hair, fibre or the like to the implanting mechanism;

Fig. 16 is a sectional elevation taken on the line Iii-46 of Fig. 15;

Fig. 1'7 is a front elevation of the implanting mechanism shown in Figs. 15 and 16, drawn to a larger scale; 7

Fig. 18 is a section taken on the line I 8-l8 of Fig. 15; and

Fig. 19 is a circuit diagram of the operating mechanism of the machine shown in Figs. 15 through 18.

Referring to Figs. 1 through 5, there is shown a machine 20 comprising a platform 2| above which rises a frame 22, the latter supporting a pair of cross beams 23a, 23b, carrying a motor 24, a speed reducer 25 and various movable parts, subsequently described, which are driven from the motor 24 through the intermediary of the speed reducer 25.

The motor 24 may be of any suitable construc: tion but is here shown as a type in which a, driv-. ing sprocket 26, linked by a chain Z'I'With a driven sprocket 28 mounted on the input shaft 29 of the speed reducer, can be clutched to the motor shaft by means of an operating arm 3!], pivoted at 3|, to which a lever 32 is secured which links the arm with a suitable pedal or handle (not shown).

The output shaft 33 projects from the speed reducer 25 on two sides, carrying a cam 34 and a disc 35 on one extremity and a bevel gear 35 on the other. Mating with the bevel gear 36 is a similar gear 31, having twice the number of teeth of the former, which is fixed to a vertical shaft 38 carrying at its lower end a fiusher member 39, this member being in the form of a bent rod having extremities 39a and'39b.

A vertical piston 40, reciprocably mounted in a bearing block which is formed by members 4 la, 4! b secured to the cross beams 23a, 23b, is linked with the disc 35 by means of a connecting rod 42 which is eccentrically pivoted to the disc at 43. The lower end of piston carries a set of needles 44 which are aligned in the direction of shaft 33 as clearly seen in Fig. 4. Referring to Figs. 11, 12 and 13, each needle 44 is formed at its underside with a saddle 45 toward which converge two flutes 46, 4'1, corresponding flutes of all the needles being aligned with one another. These needles are in register with an aperture 48 formed in a tray 49, passing through this aperture when the piston 40 is in its lowermost position (Fig. 2) and being clear of the tray when the piston rises to the top (Fig. 1).

The tray 43, as best seen in Fig. 4, is controlled by the cam 34 through a follower rod 53 the forked upper end of which is held in continuous engagement with the cam by a pair of contracting springs 51, 52, the springs being anchored at the top to an arm 53, which rests on the housing of speed reducer 25, and at the bottom to a plate 54 secured to the rod 50. Plate 54 is also secured to the tray 43 through the intermediary of a stud 55 and is held for vertical oscillations by a guide rod 56, the latter being slidable in a bearing block 7 formed by members 411), Mo and Md.

The article to be adorned with hair, shown here as a dolls head 60, is mounted on the platform 21 by means of any one of three supports 5| (Fig. 6), 62 (Fig. 9) and 63 (Fig. 10). Each support has a base 64 and an arm 65 which may be vertical as in the case of support 65, inclined as in the case of support 52 or horizontal as in the case of support 63. The arm 55 terminates at the top in a vertical socket portion 65 adapted to receive a shoe or anvil 67, the latter havinga shank 38 and a slot 69 as best seen in Figs. 7 and 8. As illustrated in Fig. 1, in which the support 6| has been shown in operating position by way of example, the support is fixed to the platform 21 (by any suitable means, not shown) in such a position that the slot 69 of its anvil 6'! is aligned with the needles 44. It may be mentioned at this point that support 6| serves for implanting hairs at the top of the skull piece 30,

support 63 for implanting hairs in the region of the occipital hair line, and the support 62 for. implanting hairs in an intermediate zone. The use of a plurality of separate, fixed supports in lieu of a single, adjustable one is preferred on account of the greater rigidity of these individual supports, this rigidity being desirable in order to prevent snapping of the needles during. the operating process about tobe described.

A bundle of hairs 70 (Fig. 1) is placed on the tray 49 longitudinally of the latter, that. is, in a direction transverse to the row of needles 44, in such manner as to overlie the aperture 48 of the tray. Next the lever 32 is actuated to clutch the sprocket 26 to. the shaft of motorv 24, resulting in the rotation of fiusher member '39 and in an oscillatory movement of tray 43 and of piston 45. These movements are illustrated in the diagram of Fig. 14 in which the top curve represents the rise and fall of piston 43, the center curve the movement of tray 49 and the bottom curve the rotation of fiusher rod 39. Owing tothe transmission ratio of 2:1 at the bevel gears 36, 31, shaft 38 carrying rod 33 rotates at half the speed of shaft 33 carrying cam 34 and disk 35, so that rod 39 rotates through during each reciprocatory cycle of the members 4D and 49; The positive peaks 39a in Fig. 14 indicate the aligned positionof extremity 3.9a-with aperture-48 while the negative peaks 3 9b denote the correspondin position of extremity 39?).

From Fig. 14 it will be seen that the descent of the tray it somewhat precedes that .of piston is carrying needles 44; this tray, owing to its inherent springiness, resiliently bears upon the skull piece 53 when in its bottom ."Position which it occupies for an extended period, :on account of the provision of a flat or "concentric portion 3 3a (Fig. 1) on cam 34. During this period, when the member 60 is firmly pressed against its support 61, the needles 44 penetrate the surface of this member and-enter theslot 98, at the same time entraining some of the strands of hair forming part of the bundle "III. ,It

will be understood that these strands in ;penetrating the shell 66 forms. loop around the fluted ends of the needles, the loops expanding after penetration because of the inherent resiliency of the hair. Owing to this immediate expansion the strands remain anchored to the skull 60 after the needles have been withdrawn, an up ward movement of the skull piece to follow the needles 43 being prevented by the tray 49 which at this time still occupies its lowermost position, as clearly apparent from Fig. 14.

Immediately after the tray has risen, an extremity or the flusher member 3%, say, the end .i passes between the tray and the skull piece is, this being the position illustrated in Fig. 4. she passage of either end of the rod 39 sweeps aside all strands of hair which have been anchored in the piece as, and which at this time stii extend upwards through the aperture 48, thereby withdrawing these strands from the tray tal and clearing the aperture 48 for the next impalin operation. Owing to the adhesion between the strands It, and also because these strands are interwoven or matted to a certain extent, this action will draw a new group of hairs toward the center of the tray 39 and, thereby, into alignment with the needles 44. The operator, meanwhile, slightly rotates the piece 60 on the support tI so that during the next cycle a new set of strands will be impaled in a row somewhat spaced from the strands previously 1mlanted.

p Referring, now, to Figs. 15 through 18, there is shown a machine comprising an implanting mechanism or press, generally indicated at I20, and in combination therewith a feed mechanism generally indicated at as. The elements of the press IZEl are somewhat similar to those of the machine as, shown in the preceding figures, and include a standard or frame I22 having an upper or supporting portion I23 on wh ch there i mounted a driving motor I24. A p1ston I40 is reciprocably held in the frame portion I23 and is linked by means of a connecting rod I42 to a disc I35 to which the rod Hi2 is pivoted at I43. Disc I35 is mounted on a shaft I33 which is aligned with the shaft I29 of motor I24, being coupled thereto by means of a slipping clutch 8|. Shaft I33 is supported on the frame portion I23 by means of a bearing post 82.

The feed mechanism 8% comprises a generally circular table 83 borne by legs 84a and secured to the press body I22 by means of brackets 84, 35 8E. Rotatably supported on the table 83 is a feeder ring 88 having a number of arcuate slots 89 which are separated by bridges 90, the latter being only long enough to insure mechanical stability. The slots S9 are aligned withthe plunger or piston I40 which on "its lower' extremity ear- 6 ries an extension 9|, the latter holding arowci' needles or punches I44 extending in the general direction of these slots and adapted to penetrate the latter as wellas analigned slot 92, provided in the .table88, when the pivot I43 of disc I35 is in its lowermost position.

Each of the slots 89 is flanked on bothsides by arcuaterows of pins 93 designed to receive be.- tween them .the strands of hair, fibreor the like, indicated at 170, which are to .be implanted by the needles IE4 into an object, not shown, positioned underneath the slot 92. The feeder .ring 88 is bounded on the outside by a rubber ring 94 and on the inside by a similar rubber ring 85, an annular rack 96 (with its teeth facing downwards) being inserted between the mem:- bers 88 and 95. Rollers 9T, pivotally secured :to the topof table 83, engage the inner ring to center the feeder ring 83 relative to the table .83..

The ring 88 with its adjacent members 94, 95 and 98 is supported on the table 33 by means of rollers 98 journaled in grooves es, I00 of the ring 88, as best seen in the left-hand portion of Fig. 16. The teeth of rack t6 are engagedby a pinion IElI which is driven, over gears I02, I63, from a motor IIl-i supported on table 83.

A third motor I95, secured to the underside of table 83, drives a pair of pulleys I536, Iii! mounted on shafts I88, Hid, respectively, these shafts being inclined toward each other so as to form a V the apex of which points against the direction of rotation of the ring 83. These shafts, journaled in bearings I I0, I II which are mounted on an angle plate H2, secured to the underside of table 33, and on the table 83, respectively, carry a pair of comb or brush rollers H3, Iii!- rotating in the direction indicated by the arrows; these brush rollers, therefore, are adapted to comb outwardly any strand of hair or the like which is fed past them by the pins 93. It should be noted that the strands We, owingte the forward movement of the ring 85, will assume an inclined position when engaged by the rollers H3, IIA, the inclination being such as to align these strands substantially with the planes in which the said rollers rotate. As best seen in Fig. 18, the rollers II 3, H4 are closely adjacent respective flanks of the ring 38, so that their bristles or teeth I I5 will part and straighten out all the strands I16 moving toward the press I20. A wheel I I6 of soft rubber freely rotates on a shaft II1 which is secured to the angle plate H2 and to a similar, smaller plate II8 rising from the table 83, wheel H6 bearing resiliently upon the strands and preventin them from risin above the pins 93 when engaged by the bristles H5.

Turning now more particularly to Figs. 16 and 17, it will be seen that a set of staggered soft rubber wheels I5! bear upon the outer surface of annular strip es, these wheels being supported by shafts I52 from frame portion I23. Similarly, a set of staggered soft rubber wheels I53, supported. by'shafts the from a bracket I55 which in turn is secured to the frame I22gbear upon the surface of the inner annular strip -95. The cooperation between these strips, which preferably also consist of soft rubberorequivalent material, and the wheels lei, I53 exerts a slight tension upon the depending extremities of strands I'Iil, hanging down on both sides of ring 88, when these strands are engaged by the descending needles M4, thus-tending to prevent tangling .or matting during theimpaling operation.

* It -Wi11 be understood that there are various ways in which the descent of the plunger I40 may be synchronized with the rotation of rin 88 in such manner that the plunger will not operate as long as the needles I44 are aligned with one of the bridges 90 and that, preferably, the rotation of ring 68 is halted whenever the needles penetrate the slots 89, 92. As shown in the embodiment illustrated, movement of piston I40 is normally prevented by means of an escapement mechanism which includes a pawl I56 which cooperates with a disc I51 secured to the shaft I33, this disc having a peripheral notch I58 which is engaged by pawl I56 whenever the piston is in its top position. Pawl I56 is pivoted at I59 to a pair of brackets I50, IBI rising from the frame portion I23. An operating rod I32 is pivotally linked to the pawl I56 at I62 and is similarly linked at I63 to a pedal I6 3, the latter being biased upwardly by a spring I65 and being pivoted to the frame I22 at I56. It will be seen that momentary stepping upon the forward end of pedal 64 will disengage the pawl I55 from the notch I53 of disc I51,,thus allowing the shaft I33 to make one full revolution and to effect a single descent and ascent of the plunger I40 and of the needles I44.

Depending from the pawl I56 is a rod I61 which maintains closed a pair of contact springs I58, I69 as long as the pawl is in engagement with the notch I58, these contacts being thus open whenever the plunger I40 is out of its normal or top position. Another set of contacts is shown at I10, I1I; the latter are closed whenever the plunger I40 is aligned with one of the slots 89 and are opened when the needles I44 register with one of the bridges 90. For this purpose there is pivoted to the periphery of table 83, at I12, an arm I13 carrying at one end a cam follower roller I14 and having its other extremity engaged by a tension spring I15 which, being anchored to a bracket I16 secured to the underside of table 83, urges the roller I14 against the underside of ring 88. This underside is provided with a series of spaced cams I11, of a length somewhat exceeding that of the bridges 90 and equal to them in number (six in the embodiment illustrated), these cams being so positioned as to depress the roller I14 whenever a bridge 90 overlies the slot 92 in table 83. When this occurs, a lug I18 depending from arm I13 depresses the contact spring I1I, thus breaking the connection between contacts I16, I11.

Referring now to the circuit diagram of Fig. 19, it will be seen that the motor I05, which drives the brush rollers H3, H4, is continuously energized from a source I16 which may be di-. rect or alternating current power mains. The energizing circuit for motor I04, which rotates the ring 86, is not completed unless contacts I68, I69 are closed; since these contacts are open whenever the plunger I40 is not in its home position, it will be understood that .operation of the pedal I64 will momentarily arrest the ring 88 while the plunger I40 and, with it, the needles I44 descend to perform their impaling or implanting operation. When the plunger has reverted to the top, after one or several complete revolutions of shaft I33 (depending on how long the pedal I64 is held depressed), the contacts I 68, I69 are reclosed and rotation of the ring 80 (in the clockwise direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 15) is resumed.

The energizing circuit for motor I24, which drives the shaft I33 by way of the slipping clutch BI, includes the contacts I10, "I which, as set forth above, are closed only when one of the slots 89 is aligned with the needles I44. Thus it will be seen that, regardless of whether or not the operator steps on pedal I64 when a solid or bridge portion 90 is underneath these needles, the plunger will not descend in such a position, so that damage to the machine through negligent operation will be avoided. At the same time the operator retains full control of the rate at which the plunger is actuated, so that the object on which the implanting process is to be performed can beaccurately positioned before each workingstroke. It may be mentioned that means to hold the object in place during impaling, analogous to the moving tray 49 of Figs. 1 through 5, may be provided also on the machine just described.

It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiment shown and described but is, on the contrary, capable of numerous modifications and adaptations without departing from .its spirit or exceeding its scope as defined in the objects and in the appended claims.

We claim:

1. A machine for implanting material in a penetrable article, said machine comprising a reciprocating piston, implanting tool means secured to said piston, a support for said piston, and a carrier member movable past said support in a direction perpendicular to said piston, said carrier member being provided withv a slot adapted to register with said tool means in certain positions of said carrier member, said piston being operable to effect penetration of said slot by said tool means, first drive means for actuating said piston, second drive means for displacing said carrier members, a first energizing circuit for said first drive means, and a second energizing circuit for said second drive means, said first energizing circuit being operative when said carrier member is in said certain positions.

2. A machine according to claim 1, comprising contact means opening said second energizing circuit when said slot is penetrated by said tool means. 7

3'. The combination, with a machine according to claim 1, of rotating comb means coacting with said carrier member to straighten out material carried by said carrier member, said comb means being positioned ahead of said piston.

4. The combination according to claim 3 wherein said comb means comprises a pair of oppositely rotating rollers positioned on opposite sides of said slot.

5. The combination according to claim 4, comprising an additional roller of soft, resilient material bearing upon said carrier member intermediate said oppositely rotating rollers.

6. The combination, with a machine according to claim 1, of pressure means resiliently bearing upon said carrier member on opposite sides of said piston, said presser means being adapted to engage and apply light tension to strands engaged by said tool means.

'1. A machine according to claim 1, comprising a row of spaced pins rising from said carrier member on each side of said slot.

8. A machine for implanting material in a pene'trable article, said machine comprising a vertically reciprocating piston, implanting tool means secured to the lowerend of said piston, a support for said piston, and a horizontal feed ring rqtatable past said support underneath said piston, said feed ring being provided with at least one arcuate slot adapted to register with said tool means in certain positions of said feed ring, and rows of spaced pins rising from said feed ring on opposite sides of said slot.

9. A machine according to claim 8, comprising a pair of "annular strips of yieldable material bounding said feed ring on the inside and on the outside, and presser rollers respectively bearing upon said annular strips adjacent said piston, said presser rollers being adapted to engage and apply light tension to strands engaged by said tool means.

10. The combination, with a machine according to claim 8, of a combing device comprising a pair of oppositely rotating rollers positioned on op- 5 wherein said oppositely rotating rollers are inclined relative to the radial direction of said feed ring, the axes of said rollers forming a V the apex of which points against the direction of rotation of said feed ring.

JOHN J. MANN.

JAMES A. McDONNELL.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 9,554 Bougard Jan. 25, 1853 465,741 Williams Dec. 22, 1891 474,840 Legg et al May 17, 1892 872,152 Schroeder Nov. 26, 1907 1,186,534 Aldworth June 13, 1916 1,454,956 Charles May 15, 1923 1,826,207 Fassler Oct. 6, 1931

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