US2667131A - Self-sealing shingle - Google Patents

Description

Jan, 26, 1954 Filed Oct. 28, 1948 G. W. CLARVOE ETAL SELF-SEALING SHINGLE 2 Sheets-Sheet l /A/ l/e/v Toes. G50/E65 M CML@ V05.

ATTORNEY Jan. 26, 1954 G. w. cLARvoE Erm.

SELF-SEALING SHINGLE Filed 001'.. 28, 1948 2 Sheetsf-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY Patented Jan. 26, 1954 UN IIT ED-l PATENT OFFICE SELF-SEALING SHINGLE.

George W; Clarvoe, Somerville; NQ J and Leudal W. lfomeroml deceased, late; of- Newark, N. J i, b'y-'Edith A'...Pomeroy, administratrix, Newark;4 N. J assignorsf-:t:Johns-Manvillefcorporation,, NewYork-Na Y., .aworporation of New 'York-- ApplicationOctober 28, 1948, Serial N o. 56,932

9 Claims.-4 (Cl. 10S-7) The'instant invention relatesto exible roofirigl or'sidi'ng shingle'sand like covering elmentsrand,

more particularly, to an improved kshingle@which; provides la commercial solution of the problem raised by the tendency of unsecuredfl exposure portions off'sueh elements to lift andcurlundr" This application A the influence i of high winds. isa continuation in partof the co'pending appli- The i conventional,

primary example of the shingle which presents thefproblem underidiscussion', and the following description will bei'dir'ected' particularly toL it," but itwilif be understood that the invention is ecnifallyV applicable to othercoveringfelements whereisiinie la-r problems are involved-.- The liftingi or` curling' of the Atabs is highly objectionable as it' not'onl-y imparts 'an unsightiyappearance to theT roof`A or wall, but permits the accessiof rain, snow- 'and the:

like to the underlying roofstructure. Further more., in iunsually: highv winds-'or Where? the` vtabs are repeatedly lifted or bent they may be entirely.5

torn away;

Numerous proposals 1 have been `made hereto'- foreA in. attempts'.` tovsolvey thesediiiiculti'esrL but none of the: prior proposals 'has proved to :be :or suiicient merit for' ccmfnnercialladption;A For example, it has been suggestedrthatan adhesive such'as asphalt be'fapp'lied to thefu'nderriacel of the `tabs after'the shingles have lbeen laid-'to AseL cure' the tabs to the underlying rooflstructure, but the extra labor involved andith'efmessiness of thefoperation'have prevented ithis.' expedient from going intowide use. Also, a number ofldiierent attemptshavebeen madetoapply stripesof adi hesive tothefund'er facesof 'thei tabs, orto the upper facesf of the: headlap' portion I where they Willi' be" overlapped by "the tabs; of fanextfhigher course, duringfmanufacture oflthe sl'iingles.` As willV beY appreciated',l forthese `proposalsctoibe suc.- cessful itis-necessary fortheadhesive stripesto be :of a character `to Vadhere .the shingles whenilaid and at the'same timenot toistick tlfreshinglesto gether in the bundle! to such an extent that they will` be injured when separated; The:- principal prior efforts in this connection 'haveapproached the problem from the standpoint of originally covering the stripe of adhesive :with an'anti-'stick material `which will prevent theadhesion of 'the shingles in the bundle but whichvvill` Wash away or otherwise; lose itsprotecting function-.when

the' shingles are laidf Because of vthe failure of. the expedients employed to adequately'accom plish' these `results or 'the high cost and diiculties of employingthe special compoundsrequired; orboth, these proposalsfhave failed of adoption for commercial producticn.

The principalobjectof 'the instant invention is rthe'provision yof'a exibleshingle or like'covering "element having a `factoryeappliedadhesive,

patch,4 suitably' in the fern-r ofla stripe or spot,V of a character and location to insure adherence of the exposed butttab of a-shingle to :an underlying shingle or other supporting structure. other object of the invention'iisthe Provision of such shingle which'can readily -befseparated lfrom a-bundle of like shingleswithoutinjury, even lat.

the Vrelatively 'extreme elevatedtemperatures nor--l mally encountered' iny` the bundlesf in shipment and storage prior toapplication;V In accord-anceA with the instant invention' theshingles.' are ar'-A ranged in the-bundles: inl pai-rs withV correspond-vl ingv sides offeach 'pair adjoining; and zwith aepatch of adhesive secured Ito both; i Thexadhesiveis of such character that f it .may be readilyffra'ctured, even at the extremes-cof the-temperatures' norinallyencountered inth'elbundlesg to separate the` shingles and fprovide an kadhesive .area on leach'- shingle and, when fractured; will-1` present bright.' clean surfaces: These surfaces have'wetting and adhesive properties, particularly under Asolar radiation whereby;4 when thefshinglesiare laid, the 'adhesive will, underinormal conditions of use; Wet and adhere to an'underlying` surface such as-the granularrsurface'of Fashingie of a lower course.

A still Tfurther' object of vthe i invention, in yone embodiment, is the provision of a shingle carryingvv a second patchl of adhesive'in'position to be contacted byl the' iirsteinentionedA adhesive of a lapping shingle.

A" still further object'of'theinvention is -the provision of a shingle bundle `comprising a `plurality of pairs of shingles with the shingleszof each pai-r securedtogether by adhesive of the type referred toabove."

Our invention will bemore fullyunderstood and further objects: and advantages :will appear when referenceis madeftothe Afollowing--:detailed description 'oi Ta,preferredfernbodirnentof the invention 1 and: tot the accompanying drawings l. in' which:

Fig;` 1` is a" perspectiveeview-A of af shingle -embodyingfthe instant invention, the shingle being inverted to .show its under lface;

Eig.Y` 2 :is fasectional view 'on Aan enlarged "scale, takenoiithe lneZ-Zaof Fignl Fig. 3 is a View of a section of a roof covered with shingles of the instant invention;

Fig. 4 is a sectional View taken through a roof section such as that in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a perspective view illustrating the arrangement of the shingles in the bundle or package;

Fig. 6 is a perspective View illustrating the manner of separating the shingles of a pair in preparation for laying;

Fig. 7 is a plan View illustrating the arrangement of the lanes of adhesive on the shingles during their manufacture, the gure also illustrating a further feature of the invention;

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a shingle illustrating a modification of the invention;

Fig. 9 is a View similar to Fig. 4 of shingles in laid relationship on a roof, the shingles, however, being of the modied form of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is a perspective view illustrating the arrangement of the modified shingles in a bundle or package; and

Fig. ll is a view similar to Fig. l illustrating a modified arrangement of the adhesive.

Referring now particularly to Figs. 1 6 inclusive, the invention is shown as embodied in an otherwise conventional strip shingle lil. Such conventional strip shingles, as is well known in the art, are usually prepared from a roofing felt I2 (see Fig. 2) as a base, the felt being saturated with a waterproofing compound such as a relatively low melt point asphalt. On the surface to be placed uppermost, a suitable weather-protecting covering is used which may take diirerent specific forms but in a simple form, as shown, consists of a coating Ill of relatively high melt point asphalt and a surfacing i5 of a mineral grit, such as crushed slate. The under face of the shingle may carry a thin back coating of asphalt and a surfacing of mica, talc or the like (not shown). The exposure area of the shingle is divided into a plurality of tabs I8 by slots or cut-outs 2D extending from the butt edge 22 to a headlap area 24 whereby, when the shingles are laid as illustrated in Fig. 3, they simulate the appearance of s;

a plurality of individual shingles. Due to the flexible characteristics of a shingle of this type and to the fact that, in the normal case the tabs IS are entirely unsecured, it frequently happens, as

pointed out above, that the tabs are lifted or curled back and sometimes completely torn off under the action of high Winds.

In accordance with the instant invention the shingles are provided with means to positively secure the tabs to an underlying course, this means comprising a patch 26 of a fracturable adhesive of a character to wet and adhere to a juxtaposed surface, particularly when the shingle is subjected to solar radiation at normal temperatures. The patch of adhesive preferably takes the form of a continuous lane or stripe extending across, or substantially across, the shingle tab, as shown in Figs. 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10, but it may consist of a spot or a series of spots of adhesive, as illustrated, for example, at i9 in Fig. ll. Consequently it will be understood that, when the terms lanes or stripes are used hereinafter, they should be construed in a sense to include both continuous and discontinuous bands and also adhesive patches of other shapes and extent providing a sufcient adhesive area to secure the tabs to the underlying shingles or roof structure. The adhesive stripe is preferably placed, as shown, on the under face of the shingle at or adjacent, say within 1/2 of, the butt edges of the tabs whereby, when the shingles are laid up as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, the tabs will be secured at their butt edges to prevent lifting. The stripes may be of different widths, depending upon the area of adhesion desired. For example, the width may be from to 2 Where the stripes extend across, or substantially across, the shingle tab. 'Ihe thickness of the stripes is not critical as long as suicient material is present to provide a full cementing contact with the rough granular surface of an underlying shingle, such thickness being, say, .020".

The fracturable nature of the adhesive is utilized to enable the shingles to be readily separated in the bundle and is also utilized to secure the bright, clean, fractured surfaces needed to insure adherence to a roof surface, such as the granular surface of the shingle overlapped. In the preparation of the shingles of Figs. 1 and 2, adhesive lanes are applied to the under face of the roong sheet after any other coating and surfacing operations are performed and suitably prior to its separation into individual strip shingles. One manner in which the adhesive stripes may be applied and the shingles cut from a roofing sheet of a width to accommodate two lanes of shingles is diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 7, the adhesive stripes being shown at 29. Alternatively, the adhesive stripes may be applied to the shingles after completion of the normal operations. The application is made, say, by narrow coating rolls or the like (not shown) located to apply the adhesive lanes to the under surface of the sheet or the cut shingles, as the case may be, at or, say, within 1/2" of the butt edges.

The shingles carrying the stripes of adhesive are paired with the adhesive stripes of each pair in contiguous relationship and packages or bundles are made up of a plurality of such pairs, with alternate pairs preferably having their butt edges at opposite sides of the package, as illustrated in Fig. 5. The contiguous stripes of adhesive weld together to become, in effect, a single, homogeneous, relatively heavy or thick stripe 28 (see Fig. 5) securing the shingles of each pair together.

Upon opening the bundle to remove the shingles for application to a roof or side wall, the shingles of each pair may be readily separated by fracturing the connecting stripe of adhesive compound, even at the highest temperatures which are normally encountered in the bundles in shipment and when stored in the open in the summer months at the scene of application. The latter '5 temperatures may run in the order of 130 F.

or above. This is suitably done by grasping the shingles adjacent their edges opposite the butts and moving them apart, as illustrated in Fig. 6. The frangible nature of the adhesive and its rm adherence to the rear faces of the shingles permits it to break or fracture intermediate its thickness to leave a nal lane 26 at or adjacent the butt edge of each of the shingles. The shingles are then laid in the customary manner and, after a suitable period of time, the length of which will depend upon the weather conditions to which the roof is subjected, the adhesive will wet and adhere to the underlying shingle or other supporting structure to secure the tabs against lifting.

Various thermoplastic compounds fracturable at normal temperatures and having the ability to wet and adhere to surfaces such as the granular surfaces of shingles, may be employed. The compounds preferred for this purpose are petroleum resins, pressure still pitches,

accenni coa-1 tar pitches r andxelated :bitumens of similar:

characteristics `or: withoutadditional mod-ie.

'ers; suchfas/various'ltypesvofipetroleum; coal r tar `or lnatural or:synthetic.resinsgthecompounds having physical properties lying:within.1orsub=- stantiallywithin the-limits *givenebelow r' Typical examples ofaspecifc compounds: meeta ing the :abovefrequirements are as .follows Infztheaabove forn'iulae` themelting. pointsare determined by'thef.conventionalring' and ball The petroleum resinsin. Examples. '2. and.

test. 4f are' resins s ofhigh' susceptibility and having melting-pointsfof the-.orderof 130 Compounds -meetingzr thee: above.. requirements are hard and frangible at normal tempsratures1-.1

whereby" they may-fbereadily fractured but still have-fthe fabllityatozwet and adhere to other surfaces-z. They are:v inexpensive and" may be easily applied. It will be understoodithat the terminology normal temperatures or normal ambient temperaturesf as v`employecl'herein refers to that range of temperatures-Pto'which the bundles of shingles may normally be expected.v to. be vsubjected in shipment or. in storageat the' scene of application of` the .shingles'to a building; a range which thusA may, extend from substantially below room temperatures-tothe more significant elevated temperatures. ranging as high as'130'F.'and above, as reached -in-the bundles stored in the open on warm. summer. days andparticularly under a brightsun.

In'asmuch'asit' is preferred that the patch or lane of adhesive 28 connecting the shingles of a pair be divided relatively equally between the shingles after their separation, means may be employed to control the line of fracture. Referring particularly to Fig. '7, this means may consist of a discontinuous layer 30 of a parting compound, such as talc, silica dust, slate dust, mica, or the like, or an inorganic, water-soluble salt such as sodium chloride or a water-soluble compound such as glue, gelatin, sugar, or the like, applied to the adhesive lane 29 on one or both of the shingles of the pair prior to their being placed together. The term discontinuous as applied.:v to." the: layer. of parting compound@l means thatthe layer isnot lof such. chareacterL as vto prevent '.'consolidationi .or-'welding of:`

the lanes.' in` otheriwords the .layer isrela;

- tively thin and spotty whereby iti merely provides a weakened zone in the composite stripe of adhesive'tformedxby. thewelding `ofthe .indivi'dual lanes: As azresult, when separating forces are -appliedrto .the pair of shingles, fracture will.; tend-toJtake vplacezalong the weakenedztzone :andd the lanes of i adhesive-*remainingfaon :.eachof :the 1 shingles will bel of :approximately uniform and equal thickness; Furthermore;the-parting come pound, when used in adiscontinuous layerof this type, will not prevent' the'adhesive/ lanesefrom. performing their' cementing function after appli'cation` of the shingles. Where a material. such as salt; sugar or'other'water-soluble compound is used as the partingl` material.. the:

'natural moisturewhich enters-to some extent.

between the shingles Yduring rain storms. or during-A conditions of highv humidity,r will.v dissolve'V and. wash away the-material to eliminate -any'ly possibility of substantial interference with theadhering functions of theadhesive lanes,

Referring .now to Figs. 8-10 inclusive, a modiflcation of the invention is disclosed in which, in` addition to the stripe of-.adhesive underlying the"r butt portion of the shingle, such stripe being-re"y I ferred to in these figures by vthe referenoecharacter 32, a second stripe of adhesive34 mayfbe. employed in position tobe overlapped by thev entire width, ora portion of the width, of the adhesive stripe 32 of'the shingle of van overlying course when the shingles are laid withthe-'normal overlap.- For this purpose stripe34is placed at or adjacent the topsY of-th-e slots.l depending upon whether the stripes -32 are ator somewhat removed from the .butt edges. Stripes A3llfmayl be` from 1/2 to 2'. inwidth, similarly as the. stripes adjacentthe butt edges:

The compound makingr up adhesive lane 32VA is preferably thesame as thatvemployedinthe embodiment of Figs. I-Tinclusive. Thecompound -for adhesive lane :34 may-falso be the same compound .previously described or, in this-case, may be simply. a conventional.shinglercoatingasphalt, inasmuch -asit functions-mainly asav receiving.- surface foradherence of vthe lanes .-321

- Lane 34v is provided witha continuouscovering# 36 of a parting compound, suitably any of those referred to above. The'shingles. arefpairedas. before with adhesive lanes 32 `in 'juxtaposedref lationship whereby, they weldV togetherfto form asubstantially integral, homogeneous, relatively thickconnecting. link between'the shingles. In the bundle the pairs are placed as before withy the butt edgesof alternate pairs at opposite sides of the bundle.

Theshingle constructions described aboveand eitherwith orwithout the-additional lane. 34 provide the-shingles withiactory-applied means .for insuring their adherence to underlying shingles when the roof or other surface on which they are laid is subject to normal solar radiation. The use of the fracturable adhesive of the character described permits the shingles to be bundled or packaged in a substantially conventional manner and at the same time permits them to be readily separated. Fracture of the adhesive necessary to separate the shingles provides clean, bright adhesive surfaces which readily adhere to rough surfaces.

Having thus described our invention in rather full detail, it will be understood that these details need not be strictly adhered to but that various changes and modifications may suggest themselves to one skilled in the art, all falling within the scope of the invention as defined by the subjoined claims.

What we claim is:

1. A pair of prepared asphaltic exterior covering sheets each having front and back surfaces and arranged with one of said surfaces of one sheet facing one of said surfaces of the other sheet, and fracturable means connecting the sheets together, said fracturable means comprising a bituminous compound fracturable at no1- mal temperatures and having high wetting characteristics and high adhesive characteristics under solar radiation at normal temperatures, said compound having a ring and ball softening point of the order of 175 F. to 200 F. and a penetration at 115 F., 50 grams, 5 seconds, in the range of 5-20, said compound being capable of adhering firmly to either of said surfaces exhibiting the same compound or exhibiting a different substance and capa-'ble of splitting substantially medially when the sheets of a pair are separated by fracture of said compound, so that when laid with said compound against a surface, the compound will wet and adhere securely to the surface under solar radiation at normal temperatures.

2. The invention dened in claim l, and said compound further having a viscosity, Saybolt Furol at 350 F. of 100-250 seconds and an impact resistance (impact test-1X1" x 3 diameter disc single blow at 115 F.) of a maximum of 5.0 inch-pounds.

3. A pair of flexible covering sheets, each having front and back surfaces and head and butt areas, a patch of cementing material connecting said sheets together in back-to-back relationship at their butts, said material comprising a bituminous compound fracturable at normal ambient temperatures and having high wetting characteristics and high adhesive characteristics under solai' radiation at normal temperatures, said ccmpound having a ring and ball softening point of the order of 175 F. to 200 F. and a penetration at, 115 50 grams, 5 seconds, in the range of 5-20, said compound being capable of adhering rmly both to covering sheet surface areas exhibiting the same compound and to surface areas exhibiting a different substance, whereby said sheets are held securely together as a pair but are readily separable by fracture of said compound to present bright, clean adhesive surfaces on each sheet for sealing the sheets together. front surface to back surface, in the adhesive bearing areas.

4. A pair of flexible covering sheets, each having front and back surfaces and butt and head edges, said sheets being arranged bacx-to-back, head-to-head. and butt-to-butt, with their butt and head edges substantially in register, and

means connecting the sheets together adjacent their butt edges as thus arranged, said means comprising a bituminous compound fracturable at normal ambient temperatures and having high wetting characteristics and high adhesive characteristics under solar radiation at normal temperatures, said compound having a ring and ball softening point of the order of 175 F. to 200 F. and a penetration at F., 50 grams, 5 seconds, in the range of 5-20.

5. The invention as defined in claim 4, in which said means comprises a patch of said compound.

6. The invention as defined in claim 4, in which said means comprises a lane of said compound.

7. The invention as dened in claim 4, said compound further having a viscosity, Saybolt Furol at 350 F. of 100-250 seconds and an impact resistance (impact test -1/44 x 3 diameter disc single blow at 115 F.) of a maximum of 5.0 inchpounds.

8. The invention as defined in claim 7, in which said means comprises a lane of said compound.

9. A pair of prepared asphaltic exterior covering sheets each having front and back surfaces and arranged with one of said surfaces of one sheet facing a corresponding one of said surfaces of the other sheet, and fracturable means connecting the sheets together, said fracturable means comprising a bituminous compound fracturable at normal temperatures and having high wetting characteristics and high adhesive characteristics under solar radiation at normal temperatures, said compound having a ring and ball softening point of the order of F. to 200 F. and a penetration at 115 F., 50 grams, 5 seconds, in the range of 5-20, said compound being capable of adhering firmly to either of said surfaces exhibiting the same compound or exhibiting a different substance and capable of splitting substantially medially when the sheets of a pair are separated by fracture of said compound, so that when laid with said compound against a surface, the compound will Wet and adhere securely to the surface under solar radiation at normal temperatures.

GEORGE W. CLARVOE. EDITH A. POMEROY,

Administratrice of the estate of Leudal W.

Pomeroy, deceased.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,848,076 Fischer Mar. 1, 1932 2,210,209 Kirschbraun Aug. 6, 1940 2,228,463 Kirschbraun Jan. 14, 1941 2,395,668 Kellgren et al. Nov. 3, 1941 2,300,488 Cuno Nov. 3, 1942 2,390,697 Eason Dec. 11, 1945 2,418,135 Moore Apr. 1, 1947 2.421.892 Kirschbraun June 10. 1947

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