US2667055A - Apparatus for the fluid treatment of yarn - Google Patents

Apparatus for the fluid treatment of yarn Download PDF

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Publication number
US2667055A
US2667055A US139434A US13943450A US2667055A US 2667055 A US2667055 A US 2667055A US 139434 A US139434 A US 139434A US 13943450 A US13943450 A US 13943450A US 2667055 A US2667055 A US 2667055A
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United States
Prior art keywords
filaments
rollers
treatment
sheet
liquid
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Expired - Lifetime
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US139434A
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English (en)
Inventor
Karlen Hermann
Colombu Eugene
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Viscosuisse SA
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Societe de la Viscose Suisse SA
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
    • D01D10/04—Supporting filaments or the like during their treatment
    • D01D10/0436—Supporting filaments or the like during their treatment while in continuous movement
    • D01D10/0463—Supporting filaments or the like during their treatment while in continuous movement the filaments being maintained parallel

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the production of artificial filaments, and more particularly to the production of iilaments of regenerated cellulose from viscose solution.
  • filaments of any normal count or preferably a sheet of filaments in parallel alignment, so-called warp formation
  • warp formation is passed through a series of suitable treatment baths.
  • ments are wound or Wound and twisted.
  • a process for the production or treatment of artificial filaments and more particularly for the production of iilaments by the viscose process or for the treatment of such lilaments, which comprises passing a plurality of such lilaments continuously With the production and While in Warp for-mation continuously through a series of liquid treatment operations to a nal drying operation, the iilaments being passed through squeezing rollers at the end of each liquid treatment operation and during each liquid treatment operation following a free path out of Ycontact with rollers or other mechanical devices and out of Contact with any substantial body of liquid, whereby any frictional drag on the :filaments is substantially avoided and the tension on the filaments is held at a low yconstant value.
  • the liquid treatments are effected by spraying the treating liquid on to the laments.
  • the laments are caused to travel in individual shallow troughs which rise in the direction of filaments and preferably the apthe sheet of filaments travel of the paratus is so set up that suffers no sudden change in direction during its travel through the treatment liouids.
  • the tension on the filaments is as lovv as conveniently possible during the various treatments.
  • the filaments travel over spaced guides such that by far the greater part of the travel of the filaments during this operation is in a substantially vertical direction.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of an apparatus embodying the invention
  • Figs. 2A and 2B placed side by side are vertical longitudinal sectional views of the apparatus
  • Figs. 3A and 3B placed side by side are a plan view of the apparatus, Fig. 3A being partial section on line SA--SA of Fig. 2A;
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged section taken on the line i-i of Fig. 2A illustrating a detail of the apparatus
  • Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic representation of the drying apparatus
  • Fig. 6 is a detail of a drying roller
  • Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section through a modined form of trough
  • Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section taken on the line 8-3 of Fig. '7;
  • Fig. 9 is a plan View of a form of trough
  • Figl is a section taken on the line l-IU of Fig. 9 ⁇ ;
  • Fig. '11 shows in longitudinal section of another form of trough
  • Fig. 12 is a side elevation of still another form of trough.
  • Fig. 13 is a plan view of the trough of Fig. 12.
  • the spinning solution which in this case is viscose
  • the spinning solution is fed in a well known manner through a series of spinnerets l, which dip into a coagulating bath 2.
  • the groups of superciallv coagulated filaments 3 enter fairly long tubes ll, carrying alone. the coagulating liouid in their movement, in the manner described in U. S. Patent No. 2.511.699 while the other extremities of the tubes partly emerge from the bath 2.
  • the sheet formed of the groups of filaments 3 is freed from some of the bath licuid adhering thereto by passing over a smooth scraper blade 5, for example of glass, and is then taken un by a series of three rollers 8, 'l and 8 which determine by their speed (which is the Same for all three) the linear speed of the sheet leaving the coagulating bath. Excess bath liouid carried along is expelled by a pressure roller 9 bearing against the roller 'i and loaded by a spring 9a. The sheet then enters a bath l0 containing hot water or dilute sulphuric acid, at a temperature of from 50 C. to 95 C., in which the filaments are stretched, the stretching being achieved by providing delivery rollers il, l2, I3 rotating at equal speeds but faster than the rollers 6, 1 and 8.
  • the degree of stretching may beg for example,
  • the sheet is held immersed in the hot bath i0 by rods I4, l5, for example of smooth glass, or by rollers of small diameter.
  • a pressure ⁇ roller I6 bearing against the roller i2 and loaded by a spring iEcL removes the excess liquid entrained by the laments.
  • the sheet From the time when the sheet 3 leaves the roller i3 until it emerges from the final treatment bath, it remains plane and horizontal or slightly inclined.
  • This feature which results in the minimum mechanical interference with the laments, is one of the important features of the invention.
  • the sheet passes from the roller I3 and enters a rst washing stage constituted by a series of parallel open troughs, a partial sectional view of which is shown in Fig. 4, there being one trough for each bundle or for each filament.
  • This arrangement may be constituted by a corrugated metal sheet il, the corrugations of which lie fairly close together and which rises slightly, but a plate suitably grooved by machining, molding or other means, can also be used.
  • the sheet l1 should not be fragile, and should be smooth and acid-proof.
  • a sprinkler H3Y (comprising a plurality of nozzles) feeds washing liquid, which may be either cold or hot according to requirements, from a vat (not shown) below the corrugated sheet I l into each of the troughs I1 of said sheet (see Figs. 2A, 3A, and 4) and onto the filaments passing therethrough, the filaments carrying the liquid with them while undergoing the washing.
  • the direction of the jets of liquid should conform to the travel of the filaments and the arrangement may be such that some pulsating motion is imparted to the filaments to facilitate the treatment.
  • the surplus liquid is expressed from the filaments and returned to the vat (not shown) by squeeze rollers comprising a roller l 9 of rubber or other elastic material and a hard roller 20.
  • the roller 2t is strongly pressed against the roller 9B by springs Ita.
  • the speed of the snueece rollers i9, 20 is about 2% to 10% less than the speed of the roller I3.
  • Well known means, not shown such for example as variable speed gears having a common drive, precision gears or difeentials may be employed for this purpose and bv means of this arrangement the tension on the .lements is reduced. In this wav a predetermined constant low tension is imparted to the filaments. This cle-tensioning considerahlv facilitates wa shing, even in the case of large bundles comprising several thousand laments.
  • the filaments then undergo a fw'ther washing under the same conditions in a stage 2l identical to the first etage and are sprayed by a sprinller 20A. identical with the sprin"ler I8. Further identical washing operations can be successively applied.
  • the speed of the squeef'e roller Zia at the downstream end of the stage 2l can be further reduced, for example, up to a maximum of 1%.
  • the laments are lubricated by the application of a solution of a suitable substance, for example, a substance containing active anions, such as the sodium sulphate of oleic alcohol, or a substance containing active cations, suc as cetylpyridinium bromide, for example in a 5% aqueous solution at 56 C.
  • a suitable substance for example, a substance containing active anions, such as the sodium sulphate of oleic alcohol, or a substance containing active cations, suc as cetylpyridinium bromide, for example in a 5% aqueous solution at 56 C.
  • a suitable substance for example, a substance containing active anions, such as the sodium sulphate of oleic alcohol, or a substance containing active cations, suc as cetylpyridinium bromide, for example in a 5% aqueous solution at 56 C.
  • the laments extend absolutely straight in their passage from the roller i3 to the final squeeze rollers 3%, 3i.
  • the bath liquid can be recovered if necessary and re-circulated by well-lrnown means.
  • fresh soft water can be used for the last washing operation ⁇ and the used water can be returned into the preceding stage, and so on.
  • Further suitable treatments can also be applied after the oiling and before the nal drying, by means of stages similar to those employed in the preceding treatments. Such further treatments include dyeing or sizing.
  • the final extraction of liquid by means of the squeeze rollers 28, 2S and 3i should be arranged to produce filaments containing from 160% to 200% water on a dry cellulose basis, which can be dried in the drying apparatus hereinafter described.
  • a single squeeze roller i. e. omitting squeeze rollers 23, Z9 or squeeze. rollers 3E, 3l there remains about 50% more of water to be evaporated and this is usually excessive for economical drying.
  • the lafnent sheet reduced for example to a width of from 3G om. to 5G ein (the individual bundles remaining substantially equidistant) passes through a narrow slot Se into a dryer 35, in which it is dried in long, free, flat, parallel guided by guide rollers.
  • FIG. 5 A preferred form or drying apparatus is shown in Fig. 5 where the main part of the travel of the filament sheet is in a vertical direction but it is also possible to arrange for the sheets to be dried in horizontal or inclined paths. lt is preferred that the sheet should have unguided travel through distances not less than 150 cm. It would even be preferable to provide only one guide means at the entrance and another at the outlet end of the dryer, so that the filaments are not touched at -all in the dryer, which thus constitutes a long tunnel, but from the practical standpoint vertical travel is preferred and the construction would then be very high (several dozen meters).
  • a horizontal construction presents the diiiiculty that the individual bundles of the sheet tend to hang, which entails diiiiculties in the uniform distribution of the heat and the possibility of entanglement of the filaments due to the currents of gas arising from the circulation of the drying gas in the dryer.
  • the tunnellike construction referred to above entails, due to the great surface area of the dryer, a much greater expenditure of heat per kilogram of niaterial to be dried. For these reasons a compromise in which the sheet passes through a number of parallel paths of at least om. height, eleven in the case of the apparatus of Fig. 4, with a judicious distribution of the means for heating (introduction, circulation and extraction of the drying fluid) is preferred.
  • the dryer of Fig. 5 comprises drying apparatus consisting of batteries of lamps emitting infra-red rays, but this is not the only possible method of heating. It is also possible to employ black surfaces internally heated by liquids or other fluids, for example at from 150 C. to 200 C., and also emitting infra-red rays in suiicient quantity, or high pressure-steam radiators, or dielectric devices, or combined apparatus such as apparatus of the latter type for rapidly creating the required temperature combined with heating means of the type emitting infra-red rays for maintaining the temperature.
  • Fig. 5 shows diagrammatioally the drying chamber 35 having a slot Sli for the admission of the filaments, and an outlet slot 35.
  • the dryer comprises six guide rollers at the top and eleven at the bottom. The rollers are numbered consecutively from 3l' to 53. There are therefore six rising bands and ⁇ uve descending bands on the input and output sides of the rollers 38, 4i, 44, 41, 59. Eleven batteries, of lamps 5cl-til emitting infra-red rays are provided, each battery comprising, for example, forty lamps vmaking a total of 44u lamps of from 3Go w. to 35o w. These batteries heat the filaments and assist the evaporation of the water.
  • an air-injection chamber 55 Within the chamber is situated an air-injection chamber 55, while ducts for the extraction of rnoist numbered consecutively from S5 to lli, are disposed bw tween the batteries of lamps 553, 55, 5l, 53, 59, te, 6i, 52, 63 and Se on the opposite faces of the rising and descending bands.
  • the extraction thus effected sets up a circulation of air along the rising and descending bands of the lament sheet to be dried. It is possible to use a substantial part of the heat extracted from the hot moist air to pre-heat the fresh air fed into the chamber 35.
  • the sheet which initially contains from to 200% of water calculated on the dry cellulose basis, to a content of 11% at the most, the'tinle required for passing through the dryer amounting to a fraction of a minute. For example, if the speed of the filament at admission is 163 meters per minute and the total distance through which it passes is 20 meters, the drying takes l2 seconds.
  • each roller may be provided with grooves, for example extending parallel with the axis of rotation.
  • a partial section of a suitable 7 grooved roller is shown in Fig. 6, grooves 1i, 12, 7S, etc. being disposed round the whole circumference of the roller.
  • the sheet undergoes contraction in length which varies from instant to instant in accordance with a definite law regarding which little is known at present. It is advantageous to adjust the speeds of the rollers so as to allow for this contraction.
  • the roller 3.' can be driven at a fixed speed equal, for example, to that of the squeeze rollers 30, 3l and the roller 53 can be driven at a speed which is lower by a few per cent., for example by 5% (the actual figure is determined by the total contraction on drying), than the speed of the roller 3l.
  • the intermediate rollers are mounted on their shafts by ball bearings, roller bearings, needle bearings, or the like, and the shafts are non-positively driven.
  • the bundles are caused to travel in individual shallow troughs in which the treatment solution circulates in the same direction as the filaments, said troughs being provided at several points along their length with transverse barriers to stream-line new disposed below the filaments.
  • barriers may take the form of vertical or inclined baffles or of channels or depressions in the bottom and/or side wall of each trough spaced at suitable intervals. Alternativoly, spaced projections may be employed.
  • each trough 8i! is provided at one end with a treatment liquid inlet as at 8i, an outlet (not shown) being similarly provided at the other end.
  • Supporting means for the trough are shown at 32.
  • the bottom of the trough is impressed to form a series of spaced projections or barriers 83 which extend across the width of the trough (Fig. 8).
  • the filaments Y travelling in the direction indicated in Fig. '7 pass immediately above the tops of the barriers t3 and carry treatment liquid along. Eddies or local areas of turbulence are formed on the upstream side and, to a lesser extent, on the downstream side of each barrier 83 thereby to enhance the rate of penetration of the liquid into the filaments at these points.
  • the baffle members 84 have the form of U-shaped members comprising wires projecting from the walls of the trough, the battle members being located in recesses as at 35.
  • the baffle members 81 have the form of inclined bale plates.
  • the member 88 is provided along its length with a series of inlet pipes 89 for treatment liquid which pipes are located in a side wall of the trough.
  • the process and apparatus according to the invention permits the carbon disulphide liberated during the washing to be readily recovered and permits the concentration of the noxious gases to be reduced below the toleration limit without excessive ventilation of the rooms in which the spinning and the after-treatments take place.
  • rlhus, hydraulically sealed fluid-tight heads may be fitted on the vats for the purpose of trapping the gases and in particular recovering the carbon disulphide therefrom, for example by condensation with substantial economy of heat and energy of ventilation.
  • the present invention renders possible the production at low or medium speeds or at speeds which may reach 150 meters or more per minute of viscose rayon filaments having very uniform properties of strength and of aflinity for dyes, with serimetrc values which depend upon the degree of stretching imparted after the coagulation, and the conditions of preparation and spinning.
  • a relatively low draft for example from 20% to 30%
  • a higher draft for example one of it is possible to obtain filaments with a tenacity of 3.5 g.
  • the latter filaments are particularly useful in the manufacture of cord yarns for the reinforcement of pneumatic tires, it being possible to obtain therefrom cord yarns of normal oonstruction having an excellent resistance to fatigue and giving very hard-wearing tires.
  • cord yarns comprising two plies of 1100 denier with 480 filaments, first twist 520 turns Z, second twist 480 turns S, per meter, have in the dry state a tenacity of 3.8 g. per denier, the elongation at break being 11% and the elongation under half-load 5.5%.
  • the method and apparatus of this invention may conveniently be applied to the production of yarns by the process of British Patent 650,896 whereby yarns having a tenacity of more than 4.8 g. pei denier can be obtained.
  • the simplicity of the apparatus of this invention allows a substantial economy in cost of a treated yarn owing to reduced maintenance costs even at high ruiming speeds.
  • any other suitable method and arrangement can also be employed to effect the drawing down of the filaments.
  • the spinning and drawing down of the filaments may take place in a single bath of sufoient length.
  • An apparatus for the treatment of a plurality of parallel bundles of regenerated cellulose filaments which comprises a plurality of liquid treating stages, each treating stage comprising a set of parallel shallow troughs having solid liquidretaining bottoms, side Walls and open ends, the sets of troughs of successive treating stages being arranged in line, pairs of squeeze rollers between successive treating stages and at the end of the last treating stage in the line, the nips of said squeeze rollers lying in a plane extending parallel to and above the bottoms of said troughs and below the tops of the side Walls thereof whereby said bundles extend in parallel straight lines through the troughs and the nips of the pairs of squeeze rollers from one end to the other of the liquid treating stages, means for feeding parallel bundles of regenerated cellulose lament through the said parallel series of troughs and through the nips of said squeeze rollers, means for passing treating liquid to the leading end of each trough with respect to the direction of feed of the bundles to be drawn along with the bundle. and means for
  • troughs comprise trays of sheet material corrugated to form parallel troughs and side Walls.
  • transverse bailles are disposed in each trough to set up local areas of turbulence in liquid flowing from one end to the other of said troughs.
  • transverse bailles are disposed in each trough to set up local areas of turbulence in liquid flowing from one end to the other of said troughs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
US139434A 1949-01-26 1950-01-19 Apparatus for the fluid treatment of yarn Expired - Lifetime US2667055A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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GB288363X 1949-01-26
GB221249X 1949-12-22

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US (1) US2667055A (xx)
BE (1) BE493538A (xx)
CH (1) CH288363A (xx)
FR (1) FR1009055A (xx)
GB (1) GB674869A (xx)
NL (1) NL81387C (xx)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107988743A (zh) * 2017-12-13 2018-05-04 佛山市格元科技服务有限公司 一种染色机及其智能水洗装置

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4257A (en) * 1845-11-08 Bleaching apparatus
US42782A (en) * 1864-05-17 Improved apparatus for bleaching
US430817A (en) * 1890-06-24 Scouring and washing apparatus
US1764631A (en) * 1926-10-05 1930-06-17 Roland A Hubinger Washing machine
US1979818A (en) * 1931-06-09 1934-11-06 Samcoe Holding Corp Method of dyeing
US2041338A (en) * 1936-05-19 Continuous rayon spinning and processing machine
US2128516A (en) * 1935-02-02 1938-08-30 William H Bannon Method of treating fabrics
US2156090A (en) * 1937-07-01 1939-04-25 Maurice G Hinnekens Method of treating fabrics
US2199233A (en) * 1939-11-24 1940-04-30 Gen Dyestuff Corp Method of dyeing fabric
US2292629A (en) * 1939-08-12 1942-08-11 American Rayon Company Inc Method for imparting finish to cotton yarn
US2342235A (en) * 1942-01-27 1944-02-22 Adair Feeding and conveying apparatus for textile materials
US2558734A (en) * 1947-09-04 1951-07-03 American Cyanamid Co Thread-treating apparatus
US2587619A (en) * 1946-04-23 1952-03-04 Beaunit Mills Inc Process and apparatus for the production of synthetic thread

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4257A (en) * 1845-11-08 Bleaching apparatus
US42782A (en) * 1864-05-17 Improved apparatus for bleaching
US430817A (en) * 1890-06-24 Scouring and washing apparatus
US2041338A (en) * 1936-05-19 Continuous rayon spinning and processing machine
US1764631A (en) * 1926-10-05 1930-06-17 Roland A Hubinger Washing machine
US1979818A (en) * 1931-06-09 1934-11-06 Samcoe Holding Corp Method of dyeing
US2128516A (en) * 1935-02-02 1938-08-30 William H Bannon Method of treating fabrics
US2156090A (en) * 1937-07-01 1939-04-25 Maurice G Hinnekens Method of treating fabrics
US2292629A (en) * 1939-08-12 1942-08-11 American Rayon Company Inc Method for imparting finish to cotton yarn
US2199233A (en) * 1939-11-24 1940-04-30 Gen Dyestuff Corp Method of dyeing fabric
US2342235A (en) * 1942-01-27 1944-02-22 Adair Feeding and conveying apparatus for textile materials
US2587619A (en) * 1946-04-23 1952-03-04 Beaunit Mills Inc Process and apparatus for the production of synthetic thread
US2558734A (en) * 1947-09-04 1951-07-03 American Cyanamid Co Thread-treating apparatus

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107988743A (zh) * 2017-12-13 2018-05-04 佛山市格元科技服务有限公司 一种染色机及其智能水洗装置

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Publication number Publication date
BE493538A (xx)
NL81387C (xx)
GB674869A (en) 1952-07-02
FR1009055A (fr) 1952-05-26
CH288363A (fr) 1953-01-31

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