US2664202A - Lubricant and method of making same - Google Patents
Lubricant and method of making same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2664202A US2664202A US134621A US13462149A US2664202A US 2664202 A US2664202 A US 2664202A US 134621 A US134621 A US 134621A US 13462149 A US13462149 A US 13462149A US 2664202 A US2664202 A US 2664202A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- oil
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- range
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- VKCLPVFDVVKEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N S=[P] Chemical compound S=[P] VKCLPVFDVVKEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 HYDROXY, CARBONYL Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 31
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 31
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 24
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UNRFDARCMOHDBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hentriacontan-16-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC UNRFDARCMOHDBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 2
- HPEUJPJOZXNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl stearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC HPEUJPJOZXNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940039717 lanolin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethyllead Chemical compound CC[Pb](CC)(CC)CC MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKGVPDQNHDBNDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichlorooctadecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(Cl)(Cl)C(O)=O GKGVPDQNHDBNDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXNBVULTHKFMNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)(O)C(O)=O SXNBVULTHKFMNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOJBHRZQQDFHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichlorobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl QAOJBHRZQQDFHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LECMBPWEOVZHKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound OCCOCCCl LECMBPWEOVZHKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIHBGTRZFAVZRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C(O)=O KIHBGTRZFAVZRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKCLCGXPQILATA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl IKCLCGXPQILATA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDQUHRSWFMWRNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorohexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(Cl)C(O)=O LDQUHRSWFMWRNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRIAIEOAQXLREJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dichloro-2,2-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound ClC(C(C(=O)O)(O)O)(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)Cl ZRIAIEOAQXLREJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)propanoic acid 3-(3-ethylcyclopentyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)C1.CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)CC1 HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WIKSRXFQIZQFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Pb] Chemical group [Cu].[Pb] WIKSRXFQIZQFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007860 aryl ester derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010480 babassu oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- HGWAKQDTQVDVRP-OKULMJQMSA-N butyl (z,12r)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC HGWAKQDTQVDVRP-OKULMJQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002380 dibutyl phthalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000005169 dihydroxybenzoic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N elaidic acid methyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CAMHHLOGFDZBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N epoxidized methyl oleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC1OC1CCCCCCCC(=O)OC CAMHHLOGFDZBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HDINWBRYKNUCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2-dichlorooctadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(Cl)(Cl)C(=O)OC HDINWBRYKNUCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N methyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073769 methyl oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRRDCWDFRIJIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 HRRDCWDFRIJIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005608 naphthenic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentasulfide Chemical compound S1P(S2)(=S)SP3(=S)SP1(=S)SP2(=S)S3 CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003463 sulfur Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCTGOQZIKPDZNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapentyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCCO[Si](OCCCCC)(OCCCCC)OCCCCC KCTGOQZIKPDZNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010913 used oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/123—Reaction products obtained by phosphorus or phosphorus-containing compounds, e.g. P x S x with organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/10—Phosphatides, e.g. lecithin, cephalin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/12—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/02—Esters of silicic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S210/00—Liquid purification or separation
- Y10S210/902—Materials removed
- Y10S210/917—Color
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method of improving the color of lubricants and lubricant additives which are reaction products of 5 to 60% by weight or a phosphorus sulfide and 95 to 40% of a mixture of one part by weight of an oxygen-contain- 'ing organic compound having a boiling point of at least 225 F.
- a poly-olefin capable of improving the viscosity index characteristic of a lubricatingoil, reacted together at a temperature in the range of 225 to 500 R; which method essentially comprises treating such reaction products with a decolorizing agent having a critically low water content in the range of 0 to 6% by weight in an amount in the range of 1 to 10% by weight of the reaction mixture and sufiicient to improve the color of the reaction products;
- the invention also relates to the resulting improved lubricants and lubricant additives.
- Lubricants prepared in accordance with the invention are suitable for use under various conditions, including high temperatures or high pressure or both; as, for instance, use in an internal combustoin engine operating at high temperatures and in which the lubricant is in close contact with metallic surfaces, metal compounds and high temperature gases. They are also suitable as extreme pressure lubricant agents in oils and greases.
- the present invention is directed to the improvement of the above described reaction products, especially as to color, by treatment with a decolorizing agent containing a critically low proportion of water.
- This improvement is ofgreat commercial importance because the public de- “sires "a light colored lubricating oil; and the performance of the product is distinctly superior to that of products obtained by usual treatment, e. g., with clays which have a higher water con-- tent, e. g., about or more, especially after storage.
- the objects achieved in accordance with the invention include the provision of an improved agent which may be useful itself as a lubricant, and. which when added to lubricants willimprove the viscosity index and also markedly inhibit the 8 Claims. (Cl. 21042;5')
- the reaction product may be made with direct admixture of the reactants, or, if desired, by their admixture in the presenceof a diluent which may or may not be subsequently removed.
- a heavy oil such as 'white oil, or a lubricating oil having about the same properties as that to which the new composition is to be added may be used as a diluent. Oil may be added after the reaction such as during a subsequent filtration.
- the reaction is usually complete in about 10 hours or less time, generally 1 to -2 hours.
- the reaction time is a function of the temperature, the amount of the sulfide that is to react, the subdivision of the reactants, the efiiciencyof mixing, etc.
- the mixture of poly-olefin and oxygen-containing organic compound may be reacted with the phosphorus sulfide or a mixture of phosphorus sulfides in ratios from 5 to about weight per centof the phosphorus sulfide based on the weight of the above mixture, depending on the type of mixture. Generally about 10 toabout 50 per cent is the usual range that will be used, depending on the molecular weight of the poly-olefin and its proportions relative to the oxygen-containing organic compound, and about 10 to about 20 per cent is especially desirable.
- Phosphorus penta'sulfide is preferred although other phosphorus sulfides or mixtures of sulfides may be employed. Phosphorus pentasulfide "is most economic and readily available and for this reason is used in the illustrative examples.
- the poly-olefin which may be used is one which improves the viscosity index of lubricating oil, e. g., one having a molecular weight of about 2,000 to 100,000 and which is soluble in lubricating oil. These materials are substantially saturated as the art will appreciate. As mentioned above, such materials are known in the art.
- the commericaliy available material is known as Paratone which is a polyisobutylene polymer of 10,000 to 20,000 molecular weight in such amount in a solution or oil as to give a viscosity of about 3,000 S. S. U. at 210 F.
- An ester wax such as degras, lanolin or sperm oil is a preferred oxygen-containing organic compound;
- an ester wax such as degras, lanolin or sperm oil is a preferred oxygen-containing organic compound;
- a compound containing hydroxy, carbonyl, or ether oxygen and desirably one of rather high molecular weight, preferably boiling above the reaction temperature, e. g. at least 225 F.
- the reaction may be conducted under pressure, if desired, in the case of lower boiling materials.
- esters as alkyl or cycloparafiin or aryl esters of organic acids; fatty oils, higher alcohols, higher carboxylic acids, saturated and unsaturated, mono-basic and dibasic, petroleum acids, naphthenic acid, rosin, modified rosin, glycol ethers, higher ketones and aldehydes; also halogenated derivatives of any of these.
- Illustrative of some conveniently applicable materials are: beeswax, lanolin, sperm oil, other waxes, butyl stearate, ethyl lactate, methyl oleate, butyl ricinoleate, butyl phthalate, methyl stearate, methyl dichlorostearate, methyl chloro-naphthenate, di-
- drogenated coconut and other vegetable oils other fatty oils, ethylene glycol mono ethers, diglycol chloro-hydrin, lauryl alcohol, stearic acid, lauric acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid,
- the oxygenated compound used in forming the reaction product should be selected with reference to the use of the final composition and properties desired in it, e. g., to give a reaction product having oil solubility or dispersibility.
- the poly-isobutylene oil solution available as Paratone with about one part by weight of the degras or other oxygenated organic material. If the ,Paratone is assumed to be a 40% to 50% solution in oil, this would be about 1.2 to 1.5 parts of the poly-isobutylene to one part of degras. However, widely different proportions show significant improvements and an amount of polyolefin in the range of 1 to parts by weight to one part of the oxygenated material is desirable.
- the reaction may be carried out in the presence or absence of air, or in the atmosphere of inert or non-deleterious gas, such as nitrogen or H28. It may also be carried out under pressure, e. g., the pressure generated when the reaction is carried out in a closed vessel.
- the reaction temperature varies with polyolefin and oxygen-containing compound and is readily ascertained.
- the optimum is in the range of 225 to 500 F., although a higher temperature which is below that at which the reaction product would be decomposed could be used.
- a temperature of at least 250 to 300 F. is preferred in many cases.
- An element of the sulfur family i. e., sulfur, selenium or tellurium, can be incorporated into the reaction product.
- This sulfur can be incorporated by adding elemental sulfur or a compound which yields sulfur, such as by treating the sulride-derived reaction product therewith, or treating a derivative of the sulfide-derived reaction product therewith.
- the resulting reaction mixture is treated with an amount of clay sufficient to improve or lighten the color thereof; generally this will be in the range of 1 4 to 10% by weight of the reaction mixture.
- the clay should contain not more than 6% by weight of water, and preferably 4% or less. A clay containing no water gives highly desirable results. However, in view of the relative cost of completely drying a usual clay, e. g., by heating, it is preferred for economic reasons to use a clay containing 4 to 6% of water.
- other known decolorizing agents may be used. For example, activated alumina, which normally contains more than 6% water gives an improvement in decolorizing action when dried, as compared with the undried material.
- the reaction mixture is mixed and heated with the decolorizing agent at a temperature in the range of F. to 500 F., preferably 250 F., and for a time in the range of 10 minutes to 10 hours, preferably one hour.
- a filter-aid e. g., a diatomaceous earth or silica product, such as .Celite or Dicalite Special Feed Flow in order to facilitate the filtration of the mixture.
- the filter-aid is not a decolorizing agent, and is'believed to be chemically inert in this system. Generally about 2% by weight of the filter-aid is used for this purpose.
- the mixture is then filtered, and the filtrate product which is obtained has improved color characteristics.
- any excess of a volatile reactant, or a volatile diluent, may be removed from the mixture by distillation.
- the final product may be solvent extracted with a suitable solvent, e. g., liquid propane, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, or other solvent known in the art.
- the amount of the final reaction product (i. e. the additive) to be incorporated in an oil or grease will depend upon the characteristics of the oil or grease and the intended use. Some oils have more of a tendency to corrode metals, or to form acids, sludges and lacquer deposits than others, and such oils require larger quantities of the addition agent. Also, oils that are intended for higher temperatures require larger amounts of the additive. In general, the range is from about to about 10%; under some circumstances, amounts as low as about 0.01% show a significant improvement. Since the provided reaction product is a lubricant, there isno upper limit. However, it may be uneconomical to include in the lubricant more of the provided reaction product than is necessary to impart the desired properties, such as 50%.-
- Example 1 Twenty parts by weight of P255 is mixed with such portion of 100 parts of a neutral diluent lubricating oil (15 lbs. per barrel acid treated lubricating oil stock having a viscosity of 225 SSU at 100 F.) as to form a slurry and this is mixed with a mixture of 25 parts of degras and 75 parts of the above described Paratcne. The balance of the 100 parts of the neutral diluent oil is added and the mixture agitated for one hour at 305 to 310 F.
- a neutral diluent lubricating oil 15 lbs. per barrel acid treated lubricating oil stock having a viscosity of 225 SSU at 100 F.
- the reaction mixture is divided into three parts, and each part is mixed with 4% clay by weight, for one hour at 250 F., using bone dry clay in Example 1(a).,'a clay containing *4 to 6% water :inEx-ample 1(b) and "clay containin 521% water in the comparative Example 1(0). 'The latter is a' typicalcommercial decolorizing clay after storage under commercial conditions. weight of a filter-aid is-added to each part, and the mixture filtered.
- Example 1(a) materials are indicated as additives of Example 1(a) and 1(a) and those analogous to the comparative Example 1(0) are indicated as 1(0) and 1(0)".
- Blendsof a conventional solvent extracted Mid- Continent lubricating oil base stock (SAE made in accordance with the invention were submitted to the known 10-hour Sohio corrosion test (described in Hughes et a1. U. S. Patent No. 2,464,233). The baseoil was identical in all runs.
- the amount of the additive is selected so that each blend contains the same amount of com- Then 2% by bined sulfur: this :requires adding a higher amount of the additive of comparative Example 1(c) in view of the lower sulfurcontentthereof.
- Example 1 (a) additive prepared in accordance with the invention as to all of-the indicatedcharacteristics. Since the amount of sulfur is the same in each mixture, it is evident that the particular combined sulfur removed from thecomparative Example 1(a)" additive is that type of combined sulfur which is most active as an inhibitor in the oil.
- Oils containing addition agents of the invention have been evaluated by the so-called 36- hour-M Chevro'Iet engine test.
- the engineused is a conventional Chevrolet engine with 216.5 cu. in. piston displacement and a. compression ratio of 625 to 1.
- Prior to each testnew piston rings and two new copper-lead bearing inserts are installed.
- the engine- is operated at 3150 R. P. M. with aload of B. H. P. and at atomperature at the jacket outlet of 200 F.
- The' -lubricatingoil temperature is maintained at 265 Fjforan S. A. 10 grade oil, and at 280 F. i'or oils of S. A. E. 30 to grades.
- the "fuel used contains from 2.5 to 3.0 m1.
- test values ior varnish rating, piston skirt, acid number, pentane insolubles, and /100-the viscosityincrease are added; the sum multiplied by '10, and divided by the'number of'hour's-the test is run. The resulting value is termed the Demerit Rating.
- the amount of the additive is selected so that each mixture contains the same amount of combined sulfur; this requires adding a slightly higher amount of the additive of Example 1(0) in view of its lower sulfur content.
- the markedly higher varnish rating characteristic of the oil containing the Example 1(a) additive is indeed striking. Since, in preparing this additive a. bone dry clay is used, it appears that the particular combined sulfur removed by the treatment with clay containing a. relatively high amount of water, such as that of Example 1(0), is that type of combined sulfur which is most effective in inhibiting varnish formation in the engine. In addition, the oil containing the Example 1(a) additive shows better sludge rating, and overall rating. The corrosion characteristics of the Example 1(a) additive are markedly superior, and its demerit rating is distinctly lower than that of the oil containing the comparative Example 1(0) material.
- Example 3.-Spermafol No. 52 (a hydrogenated sperm oil having an iodine value of 6 to '7, a melting point of 50-52 C., a free fatty acid content (as oleic) of 1 to 2%, a saponification value of 135-138).
- Example 4.-Alox No. 152 an oxidation product of paraffin wax, including a mixture of alcohols, acids, ketones and other oxidation products of paraffin, as described in U. S. Patent No. 2,419,325).
- the additives of the invention may be used together with the other oil addition agents, e. g. pour point depressants or film strength agents.
- an agent for improving the clarity of the oil e. g., lecithin, lauryl alcohol, and the like, which are known to the art.
- adsorbent decolorizing agent in the range of 1 to 10% by weight of the reaction mixture and suilicient to improve the color of the reaction product, said decolorizing agent having a water content in the range of 0 to 6% by weight, and recovering improved reaction product.
- polyolefin is of about 10,000 average molecular Weight.
- polyolefin is of about 10,000 average molecular eight.
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Description
Patented Dec. 29, 1953 LUBRICANT AND, METHOD OF MAKING SAME John D. Bartleson, Cleveland, Ohio, as'slgnor to The Standard Oil Company, Cleveland, Ohio,
a corporation of Ohio No Drawing. Application December 22, 1949, Serial No. 134,621
This invention relates to a method of improving the color of lubricants and lubricant additives which are reaction products of 5 to 60% by weight or a phosphorus sulfide and 95 to 40% of a mixture of one part by weight of an oxygen-contain- 'ing organic compound having a boiling point of at least 225 F. with 1 to parts of a poly-olefin capable of improving the viscosity index characteristic of a lubricatingoil, reacted together at a temperature in the range of 225 to 500 R; which method essentially comprises treating such reaction products with a decolorizing agent having a critically low water content in the range of 0 to 6% by weight in an amount in the range of 1 to 10% by weight of the reaction mixture and sufiicient to improve the color of the reaction products; The invention also relates to the resulting improved lubricants and lubricant additives.
The patent of John M. Musselman, Patent No. 2,566,241, filed May 27,1948, issued August 2 1951, discloses highly advantageous lubricants and lubricant additives which are prepared by reacting a poly-olefin (viscosity index improvement ad-' 'ditive) with an oxygenated organic compound having a boiling point of at least 225 F. (such as degras) and a phosphorus sulfide (such as Piss). These reactants are reacted together at a temperature in the range of 225 to 500 F.
Lubricants prepared in accordance with the invention are suitable for use under various conditions, including high temperatures or high pressure or both; as, for instance, use in an internal combustoin engine operating at high temperatures and in which the lubricant is in close contact with metallic surfaces, metal compounds and high temperature gases. They are also suitable as extreme pressure lubricant agents in oils and greases.
The present invention is directed to the improvement of the above described reaction products, especially as to color, by treatment with a decolorizing agent containing a critically low proportion of water. This improvement is ofgreat commercial importance because the public de- "sires "a light colored lubricating oil; and the performance of the product is distinctly superior to that of products obtained by usual treatment, e. g., with clays which have a higher water con-- tent, e. g., about or more, especially after storage.
The objects achieved in accordance with the invention include the provision of an improved agent which may be useful itself as a lubricant, and. which when added to lubricants willimprove the viscosity index and also markedly inhibit the 8 Claims. (Cl. 21042;5')
very objectionable deposition of lacquer, and, at
the same time, inhibit acid and sludge formation, corrosion and other types of deterioration occurring under operating conditions; the provision of lubricating oils containing such an addition agent; and other objects which will be apparent as embodiments of the invention are disclosedhereinafter.
The reaction product may be made with direct admixture of the reactants, or, if desired, by their admixture in the presenceof a diluent which may or may not be subsequently removed. A heavy oil such as 'white oil, or a lubricating oil having about the same properties as that to which the new composition is to be added may be used as a diluent. Oil may be added after the reaction such as during a subsequent filtration. The reaction is usually complete in about 10 hours or less time, generally 1 to -2 hours. The reaction time is a function of the temperature, the amount of the sulfide that is to react, the subdivision of the reactants, the efiiciencyof mixing, etc.
The mixture of poly-olefin and oxygen-containing organic compound may be reacted with the phosphorus sulfide or a mixture of phosphorus sulfides in ratios from 5 to about weight per centof the phosphorus sulfide based on the weight of the above mixture, depending on the type of mixture. Generally about 10 toabout 50 per cent is the usual range that will be used, depending on the molecular weight of the poly-olefin and its proportions relative to the oxygen-containing organic compound, and about 10 to about 20 per cent is especially desirable.
Phosphorus penta'sulfide is preferred although other phosphorus sulfides or mixtures of sulfides may be employed. Phosphorus pentasulfide "is most economic and readily available and for this reason is used in the illustrative examples.
The poly-olefin which may be used is one which improves the viscosity index of lubricating oil, e. g., one having a molecular weight of about 2,000 to 100,000 and which is soluble in lubricating oil. These materials are substantially saturated as the art will appreciate. As mentioned above, such materials are known in the art. The commericaliy available material is known as Paratone which is a polyisobutylene polymer of 10,000 to 20,000 molecular weight in such amount in a solution or oil as to give a viscosity of about 3,000 S. S. U. at 210 F.
An ester wax such as degras, lanolin or sperm oil is a preferred oxygen-containing organic compound; In the broader aspects of the invention, there may be used such a compound containing hydroxy, carbonyl, or ether oxygen, and desirably one of rather high molecular weight, preferably boiling above the reaction temperature, e. g. at least 225 F. The reaction may be conducted under pressure, if desired, in the case of lower boiling materials. There may be used esters, as alkyl or cycloparafiin or aryl esters of organic acids; fatty oils, higher alcohols, higher carboxylic acids, saturated and unsaturated, mono-basic and dibasic, petroleum acids, naphthenic acid, rosin, modified rosin, glycol ethers, higher ketones and aldehydes; also halogenated derivatives of any of these. Illustrative of some conveniently applicable materials are: beeswax, lanolin, sperm oil, other waxes, butyl stearate, ethyl lactate, methyl oleate, butyl ricinoleate, butyl phthalate, methyl stearate, methyl dichlorostearate, methyl chloro-naphthenate, di-
chloropalmitic acid, coconut oil, babassu oil, hy-
drogenated coconut and other vegetable oils, other fatty oils, ethylene glycol mono ethers, diglycol chloro-hydrin, lauryl alcohol, stearic acid, lauric acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid,
naphthalic acid, naphthoic acid, benzoic acid, naphthenic acids, hydroxystearic acid, dihydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxynaphthenic acids, dihydroxystearic acid, chlorobenzoic acid, dichlorostearic acids, dichlorobenzoic acid, dichlorodihydroxystearic acid, lactones, palmitone, oxidized petroleum fatty acid or other petroleum product, as oxidized wax, kerosene, gas oil or other oxidized petroleum oil. The oxygenated compound used in forming the reaction product should be selected with reference to the use of the final composition and properties desired in it, e. g., to give a reaction product having oil solubility or dispersibility.
In the illustrative embodiment it is preferred to use about 3 parts by weight of the poly-isobutylene oil solution available as Paratone with about one part by weight of the degras or other oxygenated organic material. If the ,Paratone is assumed to be a 40% to 50% solution in oil, this would be about 1.2 to 1.5 parts of the poly-isobutylene to one part of degras. However, widely different proportions show significant improvements and an amount of polyolefin in the range of 1 to parts by weight to one part of the oxygenated material is desirable.
The reaction may be carried out in the presence or absence of air, or in the atmosphere of inert or non-deleterious gas, such as nitrogen or H28. It may also be carried out under pressure, e. g., the pressure generated when the reaction is carried out in a closed vessel.
The reaction temperature varies with polyolefin and oxygen-containing compound and is readily ascertained. The optimum is in the range of 225 to 500 F., although a higher temperature which is below that at which the reaction product would be decomposed could be used. A temperature of at least 250 to 300 F. is preferred in many cases.
An element of the sulfur family, i. e., sulfur, selenium or tellurium, can be incorporated into the reaction product. This sulfur can be incorporated by adding elemental sulfur or a compound which yields sulfur, such as by treating the sulride-derived reaction product therewith, or treating a derivative of the sulfide-derived reaction product therewith.
In accordance with the invention, the resulting reaction mixture is treated with an amount of clay sufficient to improve or lighten the color thereof; generally this will be in the range of 1 4 to 10% by weight of the reaction mixture. The clay should contain not more than 6% by weight of water, and preferably 4% or less. A clay containing no water gives highly desirable results. However, in view of the relative cost of completely drying a usual clay, e. g., by heating, it is preferred for economic reasons to use a clay containing 4 to 6% of water. Although clay is preferred, other known decolorizing agents may be used. For example, activated alumina, which normally contains more than 6% water gives an improvement in decolorizing action when dried, as compared with the undried material.
The reaction mixture is mixed and heated with the decolorizing agent at a temperature in the range of F. to 500 F., preferably 250 F., and for a time in the range of 10 minutes to 10 hours, preferably one hour.
Then there is added thereto a filter-aid, e. g., a diatomaceous earth or silica product, such as .Celite or Dicalite Special Feed Flow in order to facilitate the filtration of the mixture. The filter-aid is not a decolorizing agent, and is'believed to be chemically inert in this system. Generally about 2% by weight of the filter-aid is used for this purpose. The mixture is then filtered, and the filtrate product which is obtained has improved color characteristics.
Any excess of a volatile reactant, or a volatile diluent, may be removed from the mixture by distillation. If desired, the final product may be solvent extracted with a suitable solvent, e. g., liquid propane, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, or other solvent known in the art.
The Sohio corrosion test and the engine performance characteristics of the improved additives of the invention are distinctly superior to those of products obtained by treatment with a clay containing a higher amount of water. This suggests that the water content of the clay is critical.
The amount of the final reaction product (i. e. the additive) to be incorporated in an oil or grease will depend upon the characteristics of the oil or grease and the intended use. Some oils have more of a tendency to corrode metals, or to form acids, sludges and lacquer deposits than others, and such oils require larger quantities of the addition agent. Also, oils that are intended for higher temperatures require larger amounts of the additive. In general, the range is from about to about 10%; under some circumstances, amounts as low as about 0.01% show a significant improvement. Since the provided reaction product is a lubricant, there isno upper limit. However, it may be uneconomical to include in the lubricant more of the provided reaction product than is necessary to impart the desired properties, such as 50%.-
The following examples and tests illustrate and point out advantages of the invention and also the criticality of the water content of the clay:
Example 1.Twenty parts by weight of P255 is mixed with such portion of 100 parts of a neutral diluent lubricating oil (15 lbs. per barrel acid treated lubricating oil stock having a viscosity of 225 SSU at 100 F.) as to form a slurry and this is mixed with a mixture of 25 parts of degras and 75 parts of the above described Paratcne. The balance of the 100 parts of the neutral diluent oil is added and the mixture agitated for one hour at 305 to 310 F.
The reaction mixture is divided into three parts, and each part is mixed with 4% clay by weight, for one hour at 250 F., using bone dry clay in Example 1(a).,'a clay containing *4 to 6% water :inEx-ample 1(b) and "clay containin 521% water in the comparative Example 1(0). 'The latter is a' typicalcommercial decolorizing clay after storage under commercial conditions. weight of a filter-aid is-added to each part, and the mixture filtered.
The optical density (appearance) and the sulfur content characteristics of the resulting filtrate "products are given in the following table:
These data show that the clay containing 4-6 water gives a higher optical density improvement ratio than either of the other clays used.
These data also show that the loss in sulfur L due to the clay treatment is related to the water content of the clay, the bone dry clay showing the lowest sulfur loss. The combined sulfur which is most susceptible to removal by water in this treatment appears to be most active as an inhibitor, as is shown below. In other words, not all of the sulfur therein is of equal inhibiting efiect. A special problem involved in this process is the improvement of the color of the product with a minimum of removal of the most active or hydrolyzable sulfur.
In the following tests, the "additives are prepared in a manner analogous to the foregoing,
and for convenience, the products analogous to the Example 1(a) materials are indicated as additives of Example 1(a) and 1(a) and those analogous to the comparative Example 1(0) are indicated as 1(0) and 1(0)".
Blendsof a conventional solvent extracted Mid- Continent lubricating oil base stock (SAE made in accordance with the invention were submitted to the known 10-hour Sohio corrosion test (described in Hughes et a1. U. S. Patent No. 2,464,233). The baseoil was identical in all runs.
The sulfur content characteristics of the filtrate products used therein are given in the following table:
TABLE IIA Example No Blank 1(a) 1(a) Percent water content of clay No clay. 0 21 Percent S content 4.20. 3. 74 3. ii
The test results in the following table are typical:
TABLE IIB Additive of Example No 1(a) 1(0) Percent combined sulfur in mixture 0.16 0.16 Amount of additive in percent by weight of mixture l 4. 27 5.14 Lacquer rat B Sludge rating A A- Viscosity increase (SUS) 95 126 Acid number 1. 2 1.74 Pentane insolubles l. 29 l. 74
The amount of the additive is selected so that each blend contains the same amount of com- Then 2% by bined sulfur: this :requires adding a higher amount of the additive of comparative Example 1(c) in view of the lower sulfurcontentthereof.
"This data clearlyshows 'the superiorityof the Example 1 (a) additive prepared in accordance with the invention as to all of-the indicatedcharacteristics. Since the amount of sulfur is the same in each mixture, it is evident that the particular combined sulfur removed from thecomparative Example 1(a)" additive is that type of combined sulfur which is most active as an inhibitor in the oil.
Oils containing addition agents of the invention have been evaluated by the so-called 36- hour-M Chevro'Iet engine test. The engineused is a conventional Chevrolet engine with 216.5 cu. in. piston displacement and a. compression ratio of 625 to 1. Prior to each testnew piston rings and two new copper-lead bearing inserts are installed. The engine-is operated at 3150 R. P. M. with aload of B. H. P. and at atomperature at the jacket outlet of 200 F. The' -lubricatingoil temperature is maintained at 265 Fjforan S. A. 10 grade oil, and at 280 F. i'or oils of S. A. E. 30 to grades. The "fuel used contains from 2.5 to 3.0 m1. tetraethyl lead per gallon. Besides the weight loss of the test bearings, deposits in the power section, and -proper-' ties er the used oil, sampled'near the middle-and also at the end of the test, are examined.
For comparative purposes, the test values :ior varnish rating, piston skirt, acid number, pentane insolubles, and /100-the viscosityincrease are added; the sum multiplied by '10, and divided by the'number of'hour's-the test is run. The resulting value is termed the Demerit Rating.
A conventional "solvent extracted Mid-Continentlubricatin'g oil base stock "(8. A. E. 20) and blended compositions of this 011- made in accordance with the invention were submitted to tests in accordance with this procedure. The base oil was identical in an runs. The results in the 'fol lowing table are typical: I
TABLE III Additive of Example No 1(a) 1(a) Amount of additive in percent by weight ot-mixture 4.28 5. 12 Varnish rating. 41. 32. 75 Piston skirt rating 6.75 '5. 00 Sludge rating".-. 44. 00' '43. 25 Overall rating..-. 85. 75 76.00 Viscosity Increase (SSU) 112 148 Acid number i 0. 8 l. 1 Pentane insolubles 2. l4 2. 87 Demerit rating 6. 4 9. 4 Corrosion oi Cu-Pb bearing met mg t.
loss per bearing half-shell) 52 The amount of the additive is selected so that each mixture contains the same amount of combined sulfur; this requires adding a slightly higher amount of the additive of Example 1(0) in view of its lower sulfur content.
The markedly higher varnish rating characteristic of the oil containing the Example 1(a) additive is indeed striking. Since, in preparing this additive a. bone dry clay is used, it appears that the particular combined sulfur removed by the treatment with clay containing a. relatively high amount of water, such as that of Example 1(0), is that type of combined sulfur which is most effective in inhibiting varnish formation in the engine. In addition, the oil containing the Example 1(a) additive shows better sludge rating, and overall rating. The corrosion characteristics of the Example 1(a) additive are markedly superior, and its demerit rating is distinctly lower than that of the oil containing the comparative Example 1(0) material.
Improved hydrolyzable sulfur type additives are obtained in accordance with the invention, following the above procedures, except replacing the degras by another oxygenated compound;
Example 2.-Myristic acid.
Example 3.-Spermafol No. 52 (a hydrogenated sperm oil having an iodine value of 6 to '7, a melting point of 50-52 C., a free fatty acid content (as oleic) of 1 to 2%, a saponification value of 135-138).
Example 4.-Alox No. 152 (an oxidation product of paraffin wax, including a mixture of alcohols, acids, ketones and other oxidation products of paraffin, as described in U. S. Patent No. 2,419,325).
Example 5.-(CH31)2CO, available commercially under the trade name Palmitone.
Example 6.-Lauryl alcohol.
Comparable results are obtained following the above described procedures, except using another polyolefin, or another oxygenated material, or another phosphorus sulfide, or mixtures thereof, to produce improved hydrolyzable sulfur type additives as discussed hereinbefore; and in view of the foregoing descriptions, the art will clearly understand the invention in its broad aspects including modifications and variations thereof.
If desired, the additives of the invention may be used together with the other oil addition agents, e. g. pour point depressants or film strength agents. In some instances, it is desirable to include in a lubricating oil containing the additive an agent for improving the clarity of the oil, e. g., lecithin, lauryl alcohol, and the like, which are known to the art. In order to prevent foaming of the oil containing a small proportion of the additive, it is desirable in some cases to add a very small amount of tetra-amyl silicate, an alkyl ortho carbonate, ortho formate or ortho acetate, or a polyalkylsilicone oil, which prevent foaming upon the bubbling of air through oil containing a few per cent of the additive.
It is intended to claim the invention broadly,
except as limited by the following claims.
products of 5 to by weight-of a phosphorus sulfide and to 40% of a mixture of one part by weight of an oxygen-containing organic compound reactive with phosphorus sulfide and selected from the group consisting of those com? pounds containing hydroxy, carbonyl, ether and carboxy radicals, and having a boiling point of at least 225 F. with 1 to 10 parts of a poly-olefin capable of improving the viscosity index characteristic of a lubricating oil, reacted together at a temperature in the range of 225 to 500 R, which method comprises treating such reaction products with an amount of adsorbent decolorizing agent in the range of 1 to 10% by weight of the reaction mixture and suilicient to improve the color of the reaction product, said decolorizing agent having a water content in the range of 0 to 6% by weight, and recovering improved reaction product.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the polyolefin is of about 10,000 average molecular Weight.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the phosphorus sulfide is P285 and the decolorizing agent is clay.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the polyolefin is of about 10,000 average molecular eight.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the oxygencontaining organic compound contains a carbonyl group.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the carbonyl oxygen-containing organic compound is an ester.
'7. The method of claim 6 wherein the ester is degras. v I 4 S. The method of claim '7 wherein the clay contains 4 to 6% of water.
JOHN D. BARTLESON.
'References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,386,952 Hughes Oct. 16, 1945 2,480,296 Burk Aug. 30, 1949 2,494,592 Smyers Jan. 17, 1950 OTHER REFERENCES "Acid-Treated Clays by B. A. Stagner; The Science of Petroleum, Oxford Press 1938, vol.
III, pgs. 1703-1704. Copy in Div. 31.
Claims (1)
1. A METHOD OF IMPROVING THE COLOR OF LUBRICANTS AND LUBRICANT ADDITIVES WHICH ARE REACTION PRODUCTS OF 5 TO 60% BY WEIGHT OF A PHOSPHORUS SULFIDE AND 95 TO 40% OF A MIXTURE OF ONE PART BY WEIGHT OF AN OXYGEN-CONTAINING ORGANIC COMPOUND REACTIVE WITH PHOSPHORUS SULFIDE AND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF THOSE COMPOUNDS CONTAINING HYDROXY, CARBONYL, ETHER AND CARBOXY RADICALS, AND HAVING A BOILING POINT OF AT LEAST 225*F. WITH 1 TO 10 PARTS OF A POLY-OLEFIN CAPABLE OF IMPROVING THE VISCOSITY INDEX CHARACTERISTIC OF A LUBRICATING OIL, REACTED TOGETHER AT A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE OF 225* TO 500* F., WHICH METHOD COMPRISES TREATING SUCH REACTION PRODUCTS WITH AN AMOUNT OF ADSORBENT DECOLORIZING AGENT IN THE RANGE OF 1 TO 10% BY WEIGHT OF THE REACTION MIXTURE AND SUFFICIENT TO IMPROVE THE COLOR OF THE REACTION PRODUCT, SAID DECOLORIZING AGENT HAVING A WATER CONTENT IN THE RANGE OF 0 TO 6% BY WEIGHT, AND RECOVERING IMPROVED REACTION PRODUCT.
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US134621A US2664202A (en) | 1949-12-22 | 1949-12-22 | Lubricant and method of making same |
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US134621A US2664202A (en) | 1949-12-22 | 1949-12-22 | Lubricant and method of making same |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2701786A (en) * | 1950-08-03 | 1955-02-08 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Process for continuous percolation of petroleum oils |
US2775632A (en) * | 1953-05-13 | 1956-12-25 | Sun Oil Co | Treatment of aromatic hydrocarbons |
US2841564A (en) * | 1953-05-05 | 1958-07-01 | Porocel Corp | Alumina desiccant and process for preparation thereof |
US2909570A (en) * | 1954-06-17 | 1959-10-20 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Purification of telomers |
US2969323A (en) * | 1956-08-23 | 1961-01-24 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Phosphosulfurized lubricating oil additive |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2386952A (en) * | 1941-10-22 | 1945-10-16 | Standard Oil Co | Cutting oils |
US2480296A (en) * | 1947-02-18 | 1949-08-30 | Du Pont | Ethylene polymer compositions |
US2494592A (en) * | 1945-05-19 | 1950-01-17 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Process of treating synthetic polymers with phosphorus and sulfur and products obtained thereby |
-
1949
- 1949-12-22 US US134621A patent/US2664202A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2386952A (en) * | 1941-10-22 | 1945-10-16 | Standard Oil Co | Cutting oils |
US2494592A (en) * | 1945-05-19 | 1950-01-17 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Process of treating synthetic polymers with phosphorus and sulfur and products obtained thereby |
US2480296A (en) * | 1947-02-18 | 1949-08-30 | Du Pont | Ethylene polymer compositions |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2701786A (en) * | 1950-08-03 | 1955-02-08 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Process for continuous percolation of petroleum oils |
US2841564A (en) * | 1953-05-05 | 1958-07-01 | Porocel Corp | Alumina desiccant and process for preparation thereof |
US2775632A (en) * | 1953-05-13 | 1956-12-25 | Sun Oil Co | Treatment of aromatic hydrocarbons |
US2909570A (en) * | 1954-06-17 | 1959-10-20 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Purification of telomers |
US2969323A (en) * | 1956-08-23 | 1961-01-24 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Phosphosulfurized lubricating oil additive |
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